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英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第11期24卷 646-655页

作者： Luke Wolfenden Robbie Foy justin Presseau jeremy M Grimshaw Noah M Ivers byron j powell Monica Taljaard john Wiggers Rachel Sutherland Nicole Nathan Christopher M Williams Melanie Kingsland Andrew Milat Rebecca K Hodder Sze Lin Yoong 玉炫(译) 吴守媛(译) 兰慧(译) 张静怡(译) 李沁原(校) 陈耀龙(校) School of Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia Hunter New England Population Health Locked Bag 10WallsendNSW 2287Australia Leeds Institute of Health Sciences University of LeedsLeedsUK Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada School of Epidemiology and Public Health University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Women′s College Research Institute Women′s College HospitalTorontoONCanada Institute for Health Systems Solutions and Virtual Care Women′s College HospitalTorontoONCanada Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Brown School and School of Medicine Washington University in St LouisSt LouisMIUSA School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Swinburne University of Technology School of Health SciencesFaculty HealthArts and DesignHawthornVICAustralia 兰州大学循证医学中心世界卫生组织指南实施与知识转化合作中心

实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施... 详细信息

实施科学是一门研究方法的学科,旨在实践和政策中促进循证干预措施的系统实施,进而改善健康。尽管实施研究需要高质量的证据,但实施策略的随机试验往往存在较为严重的局限性。这些局限性包括存在偏倚风险、缺乏理论运用、缺乏描述实施策略标准术语、局限于实施结局以及不充分报告。本文旨在对实施策略随机试验的设计、实施和报告提供指导,以提升循证实施科学。由研究人员、卫生政策制订者和实践者组成的国际小组整合了构建随机试验方法的重要文献和实施科学的最新进展。本文为实施策略随机试验的主要内容提供指导,包括试验目的阐明、试验中人员招募和保留策略、随机设计的选择、实施科学理论和框架的使用、测量(结局指标)、样本量计算、伦理审查和试验报告。本文也关注了实施试验中需要特别重视或调整的主题。为了推进实施策略随机试验的严格开展和报告,我们建议将本指南作为研究人员、卫生保健和公共卫生政策制订者或实践者、研究资助者和期刊编辑的参考资料。

关键词：实施策略参考资料期刊编辑随机试验卫生保健伦理审查公共卫生试验报告

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A framework for ICT-enabled real-time production planning and control

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Advances in Manufacturing 2014年第2期2卷 158-164页

作者： Emrah Arica Daryl j.powell Department of Production and Quality Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway

This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework for real-time production planning and control（PPC）.Firstly,we discuss the most prominently applied contemporary information and communication technologies for *** resource planning（ERP） systems that integrate the value chain in an enterprise,manufacturing execution systems that manage and control the production on shopfloor,and advanced planning and scheduling（APS）systems that develop solutions for complex planning problems are the planning and control systems that have been *** emphasize the application of radio frequency identification as the most advanced and promising emerging real-time data capture technology that is currently available to *** analyzed the features and shortcomings of the individual systems perse,and by considering the advantages that may be realized through effective integration of these otherwise discrete systems,we propose a framework for real-time PPC.

关键词： Enterprise resource planning(ERP) Manufacturing execution systems(MES) Advanced planning and scheduling(APS) Radio frequency identification(RFID) Production planning and control(PPC)

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Genetic alteration and mutation profiling of circulating cell-free tumor DNA(cfDNA) for diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2016年第7期35卷 342-349页

作者： Weixin Yan Aiguo Zhang Michael j.powell Robotics Research Institute School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240P.R. China DiaCarta Inc. 2600 Hilltop Drive Richmond CA 94806USA

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) have been recognized as a biologically distinctive type of tumor,different from smooth muscle and neural tumors of the gastrointestinal *** identification of genetic aberrations in proto-oncogenes that drive the growth of GISTs is critical for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy by matching targeted drugs to specific *** into the oncogenic mechanisms of GISTs has found that these tumors frequently contain activating gene mutations in either platelet-derived growth factor receptor A(PDGFRA) or a receptor tyrosine protein associated with a mast cell growth factor receptor encoded by the KIT *** cancer subpopulations have the potential to disrupt durable patient responses to molecularly targeted therapy for GISTs,yet the prevalence and size of subpopulations remain largely *** of the cancer subpopulations that harbor low-frequency mutant alleles of target proto-oncogenes through the use of molecular genetic methods,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) target amplification technology,is hampered by the high abundance of wildtype alleles,which limit the sensitivity of detection of these minor mutant *** is especially true in the case of mutant tumor DNA derived "driver" and "drug-resistant" alleles that are present in the circulating cell-free tumor DNA(cfDNA) in the peripheral blood circulation of GIST ***-called "liquid biopsy" allows for the dynamic monitoring of the patients' tumor status during treatment using minimally invasive *** methodologies,such as a technology that employs a xenonucleic acid(XNA) clamping probe to block the PCR amplification of wild-type templates,have allowed improved molecular detection of these low-frequency alleles both in tissue biopsy samples and in *** new methodologies could be widely applied for minimally invasive molecular testing in the therapeutic management of GISTs.

关键词：基因突变检测肿瘤治疗靶向治疗遗传变异肥大细胞胃肠道 DNA 间质

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Near-field enhancement of optical second harmonic generation in hybrid gold-lithium niobate nanostructures

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第5期12卷 855-866页

作者： Rana Faryad Ali jacob A.Busche Saeid Kamal David j.Masiello byron D.Gates Department of Chemistry and 4D LABS Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBCV5A 1S6Canada Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Nanophotonics research has focused recently on the ability of nonlinear optical processes to mediate and transform optical signals in a myriad of novel devices,including optical modulators,transducers,color filters,photodetectors,photon sources,and ultrafast optical *** inherent weakness of optical nonlinearities at smaller scales has,however,hindered the realization of efficient miniaturized devices,and strategies for enhancing both device efficiencies and synthesis throughput via nanoengineering remain ***,we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which second harmonic generation,a prototypical nonlinear optical phenomenon,from individual lithium niobate particles can be significantly enhanced through nonradiative coupling to the localized surface plasmon resonances of embedded gold nanoparticles.A joint experimental and theoretical investigation of single mesoporous lithium niobate particles coated with a dispersed layer of~10 nm diameter gold nanoparticles shows that a~32-fold enhancement of second harmonic generation can be achieved without introducing finely tailored radiative nanoantennas to mediate photon transfer to or from the nonlinear *** work highlights the limitations of current strategies for enhancing nonlinear optical phenomena and proposes a route through which a new class of subwavelength nonlinear optical platforms can be designed to maximize nonlinear efficiencies through near-field energy exchange.

关键词： material lithium harmonic

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Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a dieulafoy lesion proximal to the anorectal junction post-orthotopic liver transplant

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7547-7548页

作者： Wichian Apiratpracha jin Kee Ho james j powell Eric M Yoshida British Columbia Transplant Society The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada Department of Surgery The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

A 67-year-old woman underwent an orthotopic liver transplantation for end stage liver disease secondary to chronic autoimmune hepatitis. She developed sudden massive hematochezia on post-operative day 23 with hemodynamic compromise. The source of hemorrhage was found at colonoscopy after careful irrigation and inspection to be a dieulafoy lesion situated just proximal to the anorectal junction. Hemostasis was achieved with epinephrine injection and thermal coagulation.

关键词： Bleeding Anorectal Dieulafoy Rectum

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Comparative efficacy of gypsy moth(Lepidoptera:Erebidae)entomopathogens on transgenic blight-tolerant and wild-type American,Chinese,and hybrid chestnuts(Fagales:Fagaceae)

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 1067-1078页

作者： Aaron j.Brown Andrew E.Newhouse William A.powell Dylan Parry Department of Environmental and Forest Biology College of Environmental Science and ForestryState University of New YorkSyracuseNY13210USA

American chestnut(Castanea dentata[Marsh.]Borkh.)was once the dominant hardwood species in Eastern North America before an exotic fungal pathogen,Cryphonec-tria parasitica(Murrill)Barr,functionally eliminated it across its *** promising approach toward restoring American chestnut to natural forests is development of blight-tolerant trees using genetic ***,transformation and related processes can result in unexpected and unintended phenotypic changes,potentially altering ecologi-cal *** assess unintended tritrophic impacts of transgenic American chestnut on plant herbivore interactions,gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar L.)caterpillars were fed leaf disks excised from two transgenic events,Darling 54 and Darling 58,and four control American chestnut *** disks were previously treated with an LDso dose of either the speces-specific Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(LdMNPV)or the generalist pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis ***(Btk).Mortality was quantified and compared to water blank *** genotype had a strong efect on the efficacies of both *** mortality from Btk-treated foliage from only one transgenic event,Darling 54,differed from its isogenic progenitor,Ellis l,but was similar to an unre-lated wild-type American chestnut *** efficacy was unaffected by genetic *** suggest that although genetic modification of trees may affect interactions with other nontarget organisms,this may be due to insertion effects,and varia-tion amnon diMterent genvtypes(wlether uasgeic ul wild-typc)iupaults a giealci change in response than transgene presence.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis LdMNPV nontarget restoration tri-trophic unin-tended effects

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Simulating streamflow and water table depth with a coupled hydrological model

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Water Science and Engineering 2010年第3期3卷 241-256页

作者： Alphonce Chenjerayi GUZHA Thomas byron HARDY Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Southwest Florida Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida River Systems Institute Texas State University

A coupled model integrating MODFLOW and TOPNET with the models interacting through the exchange of recharge and baseflow and river-aquifer interactions was developed and applied to the Big Darby Watershed in Ohio, USA. Calibration and validation results show that there is generally good agreement between measured streamflow and simulated results from the coupled model. At two gauging stations, average goodness of fit （ R2 ）, percent bias （ PB ）, and Nash Sutcliffe efficiency （ENS） values of 0.83, 11.15%, and 0.83, respectively, were obtained for simulation of streamflow during calibration, and values of 0.84, 8.75%, and 0.85, respectively, were obtained for validation. The simulated water table depths yielded average R2 valuesof0.77 and 0.76 for calibration and validation, respectively. The good match between measured and simulated streamflows and water table depths demonstrates that the model is capable of adequately simulating streamflows and water table depths in the watershed and also capturing the influence of spatial and temporal variation in recharge.

关键词： hydrological modeling model coupling," streamflow groundwater," TOPNET model," MODFLOW model," Big Darby Watershed

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A review of stochastic algorithms with continuous value function approximation and some new approximate policy iteration algorithms for multidimensional continuous applications

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期9卷 336-352页

作者： Warren B.powell Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering Princeton University

We review the literature on approximate dynamic programming,with the goal of better understanding the theory behind practical algorithms for solving dynamic programs with continuous and vector-valued states and actions and complex information *** build on the literature that has addressed the well-known problem of multidimensional(and possibly continuous) states,and the extensive literature on model-free dynamic programming,which also assumes that the expectation in Bellman’s equation cannot be ***,we point out complications that arise when the actions/controls are vector-valued and possibly *** then describe some recent research by the authors on approximate policy iteration algorithms that offer convergence guarantees(with technical assumptions) for both parametric and nonparametric architectures for the value function.

关键词： Approximate dynamic programming Reinforcement learning Optimal control Approximation algorithms

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Environmental drivers and genomic architecture of trait differentiation in fire-adapted Banksia attenuata ecotypes

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第4期61卷 417-432页

作者： Tianhua He byron B.Lamont Neal j.Enright Haylee M.D'Agui William Stock School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Centre for Ecosystem Management Edith Cowan University

Trait divergence between populations is considered an adaptive response to different environments,but to what extent this response is accompanied by genetic differentiation is less clear since it may be phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic variation between two Banksia attenuata growth forms, lignotuberous(shrub) and epicormic resprouting(tree), in fire-prone environments to identify the environmental factors that have driven this phenotypic divergence. We linked genotype with phenotype and traced candidate genes using differential gene expression analysis. Fire intervals determined the phenotypic divergence between growth forms in B. attenuata. A genome-wide association study identified 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms, putatively associated with growth form, whereas no growth form-or phenotype-specific genotypes were eidentified. Genomic differentiation between the two growth forms was low(F_(st)=0.024). Differential gene expression analysis identified 37 genes/transcripts that were differentially expressed in the two growth forms. A small heat-shock protein gene, associated with lignotuber presence, was differentially expressed in the two *** conclude that different fire regimes induce phenotypic polymorphism in B. attenuata, whereas phenotypic trait divergence involves the differential expression of a small fraction of genes that interact strongly with the disturbance regime. Thus, phenotypic plasticity among resprouters is the general strategy for surviving varying fire regimes.

关键词： Environmental drivers genomic architecture trait differentiation

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Transforming growth factor-β and toll-like receptor-4 polymorphisms are not associated with fibrosis in haemochromatosis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9366-9376页

作者： Marnie j Wood Lawrie W powell jeannette L Dixon V Nathan Subramaniam Grant A Ramm Hepatic Fibrosis Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane 4006Australia Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane 4006 Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbane 4029 Australia Centre for the Advancement of Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital and the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Brisbane 4029 Australia Iron Metabolism Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane 4006 Australia Membrane Transport Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane 4006 Australia

AIM:To investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms in the progression of hepatic fibrosis in hereditary ***:A cohort of 245 well-characterised C282Y homozygous patients with haemochromatosis was studied,with all subjects having liver biopsy data and DNA available for *** study assessed the association of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in a total of six genes including toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β),oxoguanine DNA glycosylase,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1,chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 and interleukin-10 with liver disease *** was performed using high resolution melt analysis and *** results were analysed in relation to the stage of hepatic fibrosis in multivariate analysis incorporating other cofactors including alcohol consumption and hepatic iron ***:There were significant associations between the cofactors of male gender(P=0.0001),increasing age(P=0.006),alcohol consumption(P=0.0001),steatosis(P=0.03),hepatic iron concentration(Pjects we did not demonstrate any relationship between candidate gene polymorphisms and hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis.

关键词： Haemochromatosis Genetic polymorphism Liver fibrosis Toll-like receptor 4 Interleukin 10 Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 Chemokine(C-C motif) ligand 2 Transforming growth factor beta 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase

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