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Towards safe injection practices for prevention of hepatitis C transmission in South Asia: Challenges and progress

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第25期22卷 5837-5852页

作者： Naveed Zafar Janjua Zahid Ahmad Butt bushra mahmood Arshad Altaf Clinical Prevention Services British Columbia Centre for Disease Control School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver Service Delivery and Safety World Health Organization

AIM: To summarize the available information about injection use and its determinants in the South Asian region. METHODS: We searched published and unpublished literature on injection safety in South Asia published during 1995-2016 using the keywords "injection" "unsafe injection" and "immunization injection" and combined these with each of the countries and/or their respective states or provinces in South Asia. We used a standardized questionnaire to abstract the following data from the articles: the annual number of injections per capita, the proportion of injections administered with a reused syringe or needle, the distribution of injections with respect to prescribers and providers and determinants of injection use. RESULTS: Although information is very limited for certain countries(i.e., Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka), healthcare injection use is very common across South Asia, with cross-country rates ranging from 2.4 to 13.6 injections/person/year. Furthermore, recent studies show that 5% to 50% of these injections are provided with reused syringes, thus creating potential to transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Qualified and unqualified practitioners, especially in the private sector, are the major drivers behind injection use, but patients also prefer injections, especially among the rural, poor or uneducated in certain countries. According to available data, Pakistan and India have recently taken steps towards achieving safe injection. Potential interventions include the introduction of reuse prevention devices, and patient-, community- and patient/community and provider-centered interventionsto change population and practitioner behavior. CONCLUSION: Injection use is common in South Asian countries. Multilevel interventions aiming at patients, providers and the healthcare system are needed to reduce injection use and reuse.

关键词： Unsafe injections Hepatitis C Hepatitis B South Asia Prescription practices

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Liver parasites:A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 8-15页

作者： Yumna Shahid bushra Emman Shahab Abid Department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyAga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan Aga Khan Medical College Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan

Parasites have coexisted with humans throughout history,forming either symbiotic relationships or causing significant morbidity and *** liver is particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections,which can reside in,pass through,or be transported to the liver,leading to severe *** editorial explores various parasites that infect the liver,their clinical implications,and diagnostic considerations,as discussed in the article“Parasites of the liver:A global problem?”.Parasites reach the liver primarily through oral ingestion,mucosal penetration,or the bloodstream,with some larvae even penetrating the *** parasites such as cestodes(Echinococcus),trematodes(Clonorchis,Opisthorchis),nematodes(Ascaris),and protozoa(Entamoeba histolytica)can also cause systemic infections like visceral leishmaniasis,malaria,cryptosporidiosis,and *** infections like clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are linked to persistent hepatobiliary inflammation,potentially progressing to cholangiocarcinoma,a fatal bile duct cancer,particularly prevalent in Southeast *** global nature of liver parasite infestations is alarming,with hundreds of millions affected ***,control over treatment quality remains *** the significant public health threat posed by these parasites,international medical organizations must prioritize improved diagnosis,treatment,and preventive *** educational efforts and enhancing healthcare provider training are critical steps toward mitigating the global impact of parasitic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver flukes Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes Protozoa Parasites

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Estimation and inter-comparison of dust aerosols based on MODIS, MISR and AERONET retrievals over Asian desert regions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第2期31卷 154-166页

作者： Ammara Habib Bin Chen bushra Khalid Saichun Tan Huizheng Che Tariq mahmood Guangyu Shi Muhammad Tahir Butt Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science &Technology International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis Department of Environmental Science International Islamic University Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry (LAC) Institute of Atmospheric CompositionChinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS)CMA Pakistan Meteorological Department Center for Environmental Protection Studies PCSIR Laboratories Complex

This study presents detailed analysis of spatiotemporal variations and trend of dust optical properties i.e., Aerosol Optical Depth(AOD) and Angstrom component over Asian desert regions using thirteen years of data(i.e., 2001–2013) retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network(AERONET), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer(MISR). These regions include Solar Village, Dunhuang and Dalangzadgad and are considered as origin of desert aerosols in Asia. Mann–Kendall trend test was used to show the trend of AOD. The relationship of AOD with weather parameters and general AOD trend over different wavelengths has also been shown. AOD's trend has been observed significant throughout the year in Solar Village, while in Dunhuang and Dalanzadgad the significant trend has been found only in peak period(March–June).Analysis show high values of AOD and low values of angstrom in Solar Village during peak period. In Chinese desert regions, high values of AOD have been found during peak period and low values in pre-peak period. Significant relationship has been observed between AOD and average temperature in Solar Village and Dalanzadgad whereas rainfall and wind speed showed no significant impact on AOD in all desert regions.

关键词： AOD Angstrom exponent AERONET MODIS MISR Desert

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Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第8期32卷 216-220页

作者： bushra Mohamed Omer Department of Physics College of Science and ArtsTaif University Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science and ComputerOmdurman Ahlia University

The effect of the valence band tail width on the open circuit voltage of P3HT：PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell is investigated by using the AMPS-1D computer program. An effective medium model with exponential valence and conduction band tail states is used to simulate the photovoltaic cell. The simulation result shows that the open circuit voltage depends Iinearly on the logarithm of the generation rate and the slope depends on the width of the valence band tail. The open circuit voltage decreases with the increasing width of the band tail. The dark and light ideality factors increase with the width of the valence band tail.

关键词： Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study HT

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Novel Positive Multi-Layer Graph Based Method for Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第4期37卷 975-990页

作者： bushra Alhijawi Ghazi AL-Naymat Department of Computer Science Princess Sumaya University for TechnologyAmman 11941Jordan Artificial Intelligence Research Center College of Engineering and Information TechnologyAjman UniversityAjman 20550U.A.E.

Recommender systems play an increasingly important role in a wide variety of applications to help users find favorite products. Collaborative filtering has remarkable success in terms of accuracy and becomes one of the most popular recommendation methods. However, these methods have shown unpretentious performance in terms of novelty, diversity, and coverage. We propose a novel graph-based collaborative filtering method, namely Positive Multi-Layer Graph-Based Recommender System (PMLG-RS). PMLG-RS involves a positive multi-layer graph and a path search algorithm to generate recommendations. The positive multi-layer graph consists of two connected layers: the user and item layers. PMLG-RS requires developing a new path search method that finds the shortest path with the highest cost from a source node to every other node. A set of experiments are conducted to compare the PMLG-RS with well-known recommendation methods based on three benchmark datasets, MovieLens-100K, MovieLens-Last, and Film Trust. The results demonstrate the superiority of PMLG-RS and its high capability in making relevant, novel, and diverse recommendations for users.

关键词： recommender system collaborative filtering graph theory path search novelty coverage diversity

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Solitons and quasi-Grammians of the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第8期75卷 42-53页

作者： Zeeshan Amjad bushra Haider Department of Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

In this paper,we study the discrete Darboux and standard binary Darboux transformation for the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet *** calculate the quasi-Grammian solutions by the iteration of standard binary Darboux ***,we derive the explicit matrix solutions for the binary Darboux matrix and then reduce them to the elementary Darboux matrix and plot the dynamics of solutions.

关键词： quasi-Grammian discrete integrable systems binary Darboux transformation

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Quintessence anisotropic stellar models in quadratic and Born-Infeld modified teleparallel Rastall gravity

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 179-189页

作者： Allah Ditta 夏铁成 Irfan mahmood Asif mahmood Department of Mathematics Shanghai University and Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Centre for High Energy Physics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Engineering Chemical Engineering DepartmentKing Saud University RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This study aims to discuss anisotropic solutions that are spherically symmetric in the quintessence field,which describe compact stellar objects in the modified Rastall teleparallel theory of *** achieve this goal,the Krori and Barua arrangement for spherically symmetric components of the line element is *** explore the field equations by selecting appropriate off-diagonal tetrad ***-Infeld function of torsion f(T)=β√λT+1-1 and power law form h(T)=δTn are *** Born-Infeld gravity was the first modified teleparallel gravity to discuss *** use the linear equation of state pr=ξρto separate the quintessence *** obtaining the field equations,we investigate different physical parameters that demonstrate the stability and physical acceptability of the stellar *** use observational data,such as the mass and radius of the compact star candidates PSRJ 1416-2230,Cen X-3,&4U 1820-30,to ensure the physical plausibility of our findings.

关键词： anisotropic spheres quintessence field modified Rastall teleparallel gravity equation of state(EoS) f(T)gravity

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Isolation and characteristics of Arthrobacter *** CW-1 for biodegradation of PAEs

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第9期8卷 1469-1474页

作者： mahmood Qaisar Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate （DMP） under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou, China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish, 3-5 mm in diameter, convex in the center, and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods, measuring （0.6-0.7）×（0.9-1.0） pm, V-shaped, with clubbed ends, Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA （ 1438 bp） sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor, but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as： dimethyl phthalate （DMP）→monomethyl phthalate （MMP）--,phthalic acid （PA）. DMP biodegradation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d 1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.

关键词： Denitrifying bacteria Arthrobacter sp. strain CW-1 Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) Phthalic acid (PA) DMP degradation pathway

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Teleparallel Killing Vectors of Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第9期52卷 435-440页

作者： M.Sharif bushra Majeed Department of Mathematics University of the Punjab

In this paper, Killing vectors of spherically spacetimes have been evaluated in the context of teleparallel theory of gravitation. Further, we investigate the Killing vectors of the Friedmann metrics. It is found that for static spherically spacetimes the number of Killing vectors turns out to be seven while for the Friedmann models, we obtain six teleparallel Killing vectors. The results are then compared with those of General Relativity. We conclude that both of these descriptions of gravity do not provide the consistent results in general. However, these results may coincide under certain conditions for a particular spacetime.

关键词： teleparallel theory Killing vectors

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'SoS Call' at the Other Edge of Chaos

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第1期29卷 133-150页

作者： mahmood Asif Institute of Business & Management University of Engineering and Technology

The focus of this study is to understand and pave the way to build theory of System of Systems(SoS).The authors try to marshal the established thoughts and develop new insights to shed light on the *** the research thrashes the proposed rudimentary concepts,yet they are important to caste clarity to lay the concrete foundation for the emerging concept of *** first part of the paper discusses about the conceptual milieu of *** tries to help resolve their identity crisis by proposing two edges of *** and monolithic systems self-organize at two opposite *** the research work defines SoS locus on extended system of systems methodology(E-SoSM) framework,and dissects it to decode its contradictory and aberrant *** this understanding,the second part traces out the incapacitation of traditional military techniques for asymmetric warfare,typifying with a friendly fire incident of the current Afghan *** through this lens,conjures up that military SoS and anti SoS(enemy) fight to annihilate each other during the clashes of systems of systems in the theater of war.

关键词： Complex system of systems edges of chaos emergence guerrilla warfare self-organization

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