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Liver parasites:A global endemic and journey from infestation to intervention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2025年第1期31卷 8-15页

作者： Yumna Shahid bushra Emman Shahab Abid Department of Medicine Section of GastroenterologyAga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan Aga Khan Medical College Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 75500SindhPakistan

Parasites have coexisted with humans throughout history,forming either symbiotic relationships or causing significant morbidity and *** liver is particularly vulnerable to parasitic infections,which can reside in,pass through,or be transported to the liver,leading to severe *** editorial explores various parasites that infect the liver,their clinical implications,and diagnostic considerations,as discussed in the article“Parasites of the liver:A global problem?”.Parasites reach the liver primarily through oral ingestion,mucosal penetration,or the bloodstream,with some larvae even penetrating the *** parasites such as cestodes(Echinococcus),trematodes(Clonorchis,Opisthorchis),nematodes(Ascaris),and protozoa(Entamoeba histolytica)can also cause systemic infections like visceral leishmaniasis,malaria,cryptosporidiosis,and *** infections like clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis are linked to persistent hepatobiliary inflammation,potentially progressing to cholangiocarcinoma,a fatal bile duct cancer,particularly prevalent in Southeast *** global nature of liver parasite infestations is alarming,with hundreds of millions affected ***,control over treatment quality remains *** the significant public health threat posed by these parasites,international medical organizations must prioritize improved diagnosis,treatment,and preventive *** educational efforts and enhancing healthcare provider training are critical steps toward mitigating the global impact of parasitic liver diseases.

关键词： Liver flukes Nematodes Cestodes Trematodes Protozoa Parasites

A macro-transection model of brain trauma for neuromaterial testing with functional electrophysiological readouts

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3539-3552页

作者： Jessica Wiseman Raja Haseeb Basit Akihiro Suto Sagnik Middya bushra Kabiri Michael Evans Vinoj George Christopher Adams George Malliaras Divya Maitreyi Chari School of Medicine Keele UniversityNewcastle-under-LymeUK Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Academic Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital&University of BirminghamEdgbastonUK Guy Hilton Research Center School of Pharmacy&BioengineeringKeele UniversityNewcastle-under-LymeUK Electrical Engineering Division Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK School of Life Sciences Keele UniversityNewcastle-under-LymeUK

Functional recovery in penetrating neurological injury is hampered by a lack of clinical regenerative *** therapies show promise as medical materials for neural repair through immunomodulation,structural support,and delivery of therapeutic ***,a lack of facile and pathology-mimetic models for therapeutic testing is a bottleneck in neural tissue engineering *** have deployed a two-dimensional,high-density multicellular cortical brain sheet to develop a facile model of injury(macrotransection/scratch wound)in *** model encompasses the major neural cell types involved in pathological responses ***,we observed hallmark pathological responses in injury foci including cell scarring,immune cell infiltration,precursor cell migration,and shortrange axonal *** test magnetic particles to evaluate the potential of the model for biomaterial screening shows a high uptake of introduced magnetic particles by injury-activated immune cells,mimicking in vivo ***,we proved it is feasible to create reproducible traumatic injuries in the brain sheet(in multielectrode array devices in situ)characterized by focal loss of electrical spiking in injury sites,offering the potential for longer term,electrophysiology plus histology *** our knowledge,this is the first in vitro simulation of transecting injury in a two-dimensional multicellular cortical brain cell sheet,that allows for combined histological and electrophysiological readouts of damage/*** patho-mimicry and adaptability of this simplified model of brain injury could benefit the testing of biomaterial therapeutics in regenerative neurology,with the option for functional electrophysiological readouts.

关键词： in vitro modelling multielectrode array interfacing nanoparticles neuromaterials scratch assay transecting injury traumatic brain injury

Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第8期32卷 216-220页

作者： bushra Mohamed Omer Department of Physics College of Science and ArtsTaif University Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science and ComputerOmdurman Ahlia University

The effect of the valence band tail width on the open circuit voltage of P3HT：PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell is investigated by using the AMPS-1D computer program. An effective medium model with exponential valence and conduction band tail states is used to simulate the photovoltaic cell. The simulation result shows that the open circuit voltage depends Iinearly on the logarithm of the generation rate and the slope depends on the width of the valence band tail. The open circuit voltage decreases with the increasing width of the band tail. The dark and light ideality factors increase with the width of the valence band tail.

关键词： Effect of Valence Band Tail Width on the Open Circuit Voltage of P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell:AMPS-1D Simulation Study HT

Solitons and quasi-Grammians of the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第8期75卷 42-53页

作者： Zeeshan Amjad bushra Haider Department of Physics University of the PunjabQuaid-e-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

In this paper,we study the discrete Darboux and standard binary Darboux transformation for the generalized lattice Heisenberg magnet *** calculate the quasi-Grammian solutions by the iteration of standard binary Darboux ***,we derive the explicit matrix solutions for the binary Darboux matrix and then reduce them to the elementary Darboux matrix and plot the dynamics of solutions.

关键词： quasi-Grammian discrete integrable systems binary Darboux transformation

Teleparallel Killing Vectors of Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第9期52卷 435-440页

作者： M.Sharif bushra Majeed Department of Mathematics University of the Punjab

In this paper, Killing vectors of spherically spacetimes have been evaluated in the context of teleparallel theory of gravitation. Further, we investigate the Killing vectors of the Friedmann metrics. It is found that for static spherically spacetimes the number of Killing vectors turns out to be seven while for the Friedmann models, we obtain six teleparallel Killing vectors. The results are then compared with those of General Relativity. We conclude that both of these descriptions of gravity do not provide the consistent results in general. However, these results may coincide under certain conditions for a particular spacetime.

关键词： teleparallel theory Killing vectors

Cooperative Subcarrier Sensing Using Antenna Diversity Based Weighted Virtual Sub Clustering

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China Communications 2016年第10期13卷 44-57页

作者： bushra Mughal Sajjad Hussain Abdul Ghafoor College of Signals National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) School of Engineering University of Glasgow

The idea of cooperation and the clustering amongst cognitive radios(CRs) has recently been focus of attention of research community, owing to its potential to improve performance of spectrum sensing(SS) schemes. This focus has led to the paradigm of cluster based cooperative spectrum sensing(CBCSS). In perspective of high date rate 4th generation wireless systems, which are characterized by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and spatial diversity, there is a need to devise effective SS strategies. A novel CBCSS scheme is proposed for OFDM subcarrier detection in order to enable the non-contiguous OFDM(NC-OFDM) at the physical layer of CRs for efficient utilization of spectrum holes. Proposed scheme is based on the energy detection in MIMO CR network, using equal gain combiner as diversity combining technique, hard combining(AND, OR and Majority) rule as data fusion technique and antenna diversity based weighted clustering as virtual sub clustering algorithm. Results of proposed CBCSS are compared with conventional CBCSS scheme for AND, OR and Majority data fusion rules. Moreover the effects of antenna diversity, cooperation and cooperating clusters are also discussed.

关键词： cooperative spectrum sensing MIMO based clustering OFDM subcarrier detection energy detection

Novel Decision Making Methodology under Pythagorean Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Einstein Aggregation Information

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第8期136卷 1785-1811页

作者： Shahzaib Ashraf bushra Batool Muhammad Naeem Institute of Mathematics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics Deanship of Applied SciencesUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24382Saudi Arabia

This research proposes multicriteria decision-making(MCDM)-based real-time Mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)transfusion *** testing phase of the methodology denotes the ability to stick to plastic surfaces,the upregulation and downregulation of certain surface protein markers,and lastly,the ability to differentiate into various cell ***,two scenarios of an enhanced dataset based on a medical perspective were created in the development phase to produce varying levels of ***,for real-timemonitoring ofCOVID-19 patients with different emergency levels(i.e.,mild,moderate,severe,and critical),an automated triage algorithmbased on a formal medical guideline is proposed,taking into account the improvement and deterioration procedures fromone level to the *** this strategy,Einstein aggregation information under the Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy environment(PyPHFE)is *** operations on PyPHFE such as Einstein sum,product,scalar multiplication,and their properties are ***,several Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators,namely the Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy weighted average(PyPHFWA)operator,Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric(PyPHFEWG)operator,Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted average(PyPHFEOWA)operator,Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric(PyPHFEOWG)operator,Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein hybrid average(PyPHFEHA)operator and Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy Einstein hybrid geometric(PyPHFEHG)operator are *** the above-mentioned operators are helpful in design the algorithm to tackle uncertainty in decision making *** last,a numerical case study of decision making is presented to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed ***,the comparison of the existing and the proposed technique is

关键词： Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set aggregation operators decision making

Stochastic maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic energy system under partial shading conditions

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2021年第1期6卷 383-395页

作者： bushra Iqbal Ali Nasir Ali Faisal Murtaza Department of Electrical Engineering University of Central PunjabLahorePakistan

A large portion of the available power generation of a photovoltaic (PV) array could be wasted due to partial shading, temperature and irradiance effects, which create current/voltage imbalance between the PV modules. Partial shading is a phenomenon which occurs when some modules in a PV array receive non-uniform irradiation due to dust, cloudy weather or shadows of nearby objects such as buildings, trees, mountains, birds etc. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are designed in order to deal with this problem. In this research, a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based MPPT technique is proposed. MDP consists of a set of states, a set of actions in each state, state transition probabilities, reward function, and the discount factor. The PV system in terms of the MDP framework is modelled first and once the states, actions, transition probabilities, and reward function, and the discount factor are defined, the resulting MDP is solved for the optimal policy using stochastic dynamic programming. The behavior of the resulting optimal policy is analyzed and characterized, and the results are compared to existing MPPT control methods.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking Markov decision process Photovoltaic energy systems Partial shading

Marjolin's ulcers in the post-burned lesions and scars

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 507-514页

作者： Muhammad Saaiq bushra Ashraf Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University

Marjolin's ulcer(MU) represents malignant degeneration that typically ensues over a period of time in the post-burned lesions and scars or any other chronic wound. This review highlights various facets of the presentation and management of MUs that originate from post-burned lesions. The incidence of MUs in such lesions is reported to be 0.77%-2%. This malignancy characteristically develops in the areas of full thickness skin burns that had been allowed for weeks to months to heal spontaneously by secondary intention, or burn wounds which never healed completely over years and the unstable post-burned scars. In the majority of cases, the MU is a squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). The MUs contribute to an overall 2% of all SCCs and 0.03% of all basal cell carcinomas of the skin. Clinically MUs present in two major morphologic forms. The commoner form is the flat, indurated, ulcerative variety while the less common form is the exophytic papillary variety. Lower limbs represent the most frequently affected body parts. Surgical resection of the primary tumor with 2-4 cm horizontal clearance margin, nodal clearance and radiotherapy constitute the cornerstones of effective oncologic management. Despite best efforts, the overall mortality is reported to be 21%.

关键词： Marjolin’s ulcer Malignant degeneration Post-burned scars and wounds Sentinel lymph node dissection Squamous cell carcinoma Full thickness skin burns Healing by secondary intention