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Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl Salcito burton h singer Mitchell G Weiss Mirko S Winkler Gary R Krieger Mark Wielga Jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases human rights Systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

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Seasonal variance of salinity tolerance of a copepod Drepanopus bispinosus in an Antarctic littoral saline lake (burton Lake)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第1期8卷 137-144页

作者： D.S.Eslake h.R.burton Antarctic Division HobartAustraliaAntarctic DivisionHobartAustralia

In burton Lake (an Antarctic littoral saline lake), as one of the overwinter species, the female Drepanopus bispinosus reach adult form in autumn. and early *** the subsequent life period of more than eight months, the animals experience such changing environment as increasing salinities from approximately 33 (in May) to 39 (in November). There is a considerable difference of salinity tolerance of female adults between summer and winter *** collected copepods survived lower salinities than summer collected copepods in this experiment. The upward shift in their salinity tolerance range is related to the development of field acclimation to salinity. Respiration rates of the summer animals showed a visible increase over those of winter copepods in simitar salinity and temperature conditions, thus supporting the above conclusion.

关键词： burton Lake Seasonal variance of salinity tolerance of a copepod Drepanopus bispinosus in an Antarctic littoral saline lake

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An Integrated Approach to Address Endemic Fluorosis in Jharkhand, India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2011年第7期3卷 457-472页

作者： Luke h. MacDonald Gopal Pathak burton singer Peter R. Jaffé 不详

This paper presents the grounds for an integrated approach to address endemic fluorosis in Jharkhand, India, an approach that encompasses health monitoring, community-based water systems management, and locally synthesized hydroxyapatite, a sustainable water treatment technology. The results of this study, focusing on kinetics and sorption isotherms, demonstrate that an inexpensive, locally synthesized hydroxyapatite effectively removes fluoride from water and that the Dean Index, a measure of dental fluorosis, of school children provides a sensitive, rapid biometric to track the success of a fluoride water treatment intervention. Previous efforts to manage the fluoride problem in Jharkhand were unsuccessful, largely due to lack of accountability and inadequate community involvement. This paper explores how integrating the production of a locally synthesized hydroxyapatite with community health monitoring via the Dean Index fits into a management strategy with robust accountability mechanisms and community participation that, as historical examples suggest, is likely to succeed in Jharkhand.

关键词： Community Participation Dean Index Fluoride Fluorosis hydroxyapatite Rural Water Supply

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Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 88-98页

作者： heejin Yoo George h.Greene Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu Derek burton Lijing Liu Jorge Marques Xinnian Dong howard hughes Medical Institute Department of BiologyDuke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural University430070 WuhanChina Present address:Department of Plant Biology Ecologyand EvolutionOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Present address:National Key Laboratory of hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Present address:Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina Present address:David h.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNC 28081USA

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity,when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular ***,it is not fully known whether translational regulation also occurs in subsequent immune responses,such as effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In this study,we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis upon RPS2-mediated ETI activation and discovered that specific groups of genes were translationally regulated,mostly in coordination with *** genes encode enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid,phenylpropanoid,camalexin,and sphingolipid *** functional significance of these components in ETI was confirmed by genetic and biochemical *** findings provide new insights into diverse translational regulation of plant immune responses and demonstrate that translational coordination of metabolic gene expression is an important strategy for ETI.

关键词： translational regulation ribosome profiling effector-triggered immunity,ETI phenylalanine phenylpropanoids helper receptors

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Efficacy of equine-assisted psychotherapy in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 14-19页

作者： L.Elisabeth burton Fares Qeadan Mark R.Burge College of Nursing University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Department of Internal Medicine/Epidemiology Biostatistics & Preventive Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a common and debilitating disorder among war veterans. Although complementary and alternative therapies are gaining acceptance in the treatment of PTSD, the efficacy of animal-based therapies in this disorder is unknown. The goal of equine-assisted psychotherapy(EAP) is to improve the social, emotional, and/or cognitive functions of individuals with ***: This study aims to explore the effects of EAP on PTSD symptoms. We hypothesized that veterans with PTSD who participate in a standardized EAP program for 1 h per week for 6 weeks would experience decreased PTSD symptoms and would demonstrate increased resilience as compared with individuals who do not receive EAP ***, setting, participants and interventions: We conducted a sequentially assigned, two-arm parallel group trial comparing 6 weeks of EAP with standard, previously established, ongoing PTSD *** was conducted at a community EAP facility in conjunction with an academic University hospital. Twenty adult veterans with symptomatic PTSD completed the study. Ten adult veterans with previously diagnosed PTSD were assigned to EAP and received directed interaction with trained horses for one hour a week in groups of 3 or 4 individuals, while also continuing their previously established therapies. A certified therapist supervised the sessions, and a professional horse handler was also *** were compared with those from 10 adult veterans who only received their standard previously established PTSD care as prescribed by their *** outcome measures: Changes in salivary cortisol, scores for the PTSD Check List-Military Version(PCL-M) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC) after 6 weeks of study were ***: Of the 20 enrolled patients, 10 served in Afghanistan, 5 served in Iraq, and 3 served in Vietnam. Subjects were(47 ± 14) years old, were predominantly male, and had a body mass index of(29

关键词： Posttraumatic stress disorder Military veterans Alternative therapy Equine-assisted psychotherapy Clinical trial

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发达国家畜禽废物处理技术与立法

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农业工程学报 1995年第3期11卷 108-113页

作者：潘学峰傅泽田 C.h.burton 北京农业工程大学英国西尔索研究院

源于集约化畜禽养殖场的大量粪便及废水导致的环境污染问题越来越受到人们的关注,发达国家十分重视畜禽废物的处理技术研究及控制由其引起污染的立法工作。该文在分析畜禽废物管理系统的构成、约束及目标基础上,对发达国家近年来处理技... 详细信息

源于集约化畜禽养殖场的大量粪便及废水导致的环境污染问题越来越受到人们的关注,发达国家十分重视畜禽废物的处理技术研究及控制由其引起污染的立法工作。该文在分析畜禽废物管理系统的构成、约束及目标基础上,对发达国家近年来处理技术的发展进行综述,包括还田利用、好氧与厌氧生物处理、存贮、收集与运输、提取新产品及优化模型与决策支持系统等方面,最后对有关畜禽废物管理方面的法规做了介绍。

关键词：畜禽场粪便处理立法环境污染畜禽

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Factors associated with changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during one year among university-based young adults

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Sports Medicine and health Science 2021年第4期3卷 236-242页

作者： Riaz Uddin Nicola W.burton Asaduzzaman Khan School of health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition(IPAN) School of Exercise and Nutrition ScienceDeakin UniversityAustralia School of Applied Psychology Griffith UniversityAustralia School of human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandAustralia

The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of changes in physical activity(PA)and sedentary behaviour(SB)among university-based young adults in *** were from a 1-year prospective study with 2 assessment points(baseline n=573,20.7±1.35 years,45%female;retention rate 69%,analytical sample=395).Participants completed a self-administered written survey on PA,SB,health and lifestyle be-haviours,and *** in PA were categorised as:negligible(±60 min/week decrease,or>60 min/week *** in SB were categorised as negligible(±120 min/week decrease,and>120 min/week *** logistic regression analysis was used to identify the *** quarters(72%)of participants had insufficient PA at both assessment *** those who were sufficiently active at Wave 1,5%became insufficiently active at Wave *** quarter of par-ticipants(23%)had high SB at Wave 1 and Wave *** those who had low SB at Wave 1,16%had high SB at Wave *** male[OR=2.04(95%CI:1.06–3.93)],baseline phone time of>2 h/day[OR=3.14(95%CI:1.04–7.04)]and not participating in organised sports at baseline[OR=2.56(95%CI:1.24–5.29)]were associated with a decrease in PA by>60 min/*** who frequently experienced stress at baseline had higher odds of increasing SB by>120 min/day[OR=1.83(95%CI:1.04–3.23)].SB is more variable than PA over 1 year in university-based young adults in ***,those with high phone time,those not engaging with organised sports,and those with frequent stress may change to a more inactive lifestyle.

关键词： Developing country health behaviour health promotion Longitudinal data South Asia University student

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CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN SEA AND LAKE ICE CORE OF ANTARCTICA

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Chinese Journal of Polar Science 1993年第2期4卷 62-74页

作者：杨和福 Andrew R. Mctaggart h. burton

The sea ice core (1. 6m) and lake ice core (1. 5m) were taken respectively from sea sampling site and Ace Lake near Davis Station, Vestfold hills, Antarctica in November and October, 1988. The concentrations of amino acids in each 10cm of ice cores were determined by high Pressure Liquid Chromatography (hPLC). The results showed that the concentrations of amino acids revealed seasonal variation during the year. The highest concentration of amino acids, which was 30. 92 /μmol/ml, were found in the bottom of sea ice core, and it was approximately 45 μmol/ml in the lake ice core. The lowest concentration was approximately 8. 0μmol/ml which is presented in surface of the sea ice core, but it was 14.0μmol/ml which was found in 60cm section of lake ice core.The seasonal variation process of concentration of amino acids were much similar to that of phytoplankton cells number in sea ice core, and the distribution and seasonal variation rate of individual amino acids were also much similar in each ice core sections. We suggest that the uniform spectrum of amino acids is probably derived from a peptide cell source and those amino acids were not utilized by organism.

关键词： amino acids hPLC ice core Antarctica.

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贾湖遗址人骨的元素分析

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人类学学报 2005年第2期24卷 158-165页

作者：胡耀武 James h.burton 王昌燧中国科学院研究生院人文学院社科系北京100049 Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin-Madison

古代人类食谱分析是生物考古重要组成部分,我国在此方面尚缺乏较为系统的研究。本文利用微量元素分析方法,对河南舞阳贾湖遗址人骨进行了元素分析,根据骨中log(Sr Ca)、log(Ba Ca)的变化,揭示了贾湖先民生活方式从狩猎、采集至稻作农业... 详细信息

古代人类食谱分析是生物考古重要组成部分,我国在此方面尚缺乏较为系统的研究。本文利用微量元素分析方法,对河南舞阳贾湖遗址人骨进行了元素分析,根据骨中log(Sr Ca)、log(Ba Ca)的变化,揭示了贾湖先民生活方式从狩猎、采集至稻作农业和家畜驯养的发展过程。同时指出,样品249的log(Sr Ca)、log(Ba Ca)异常,当与其迁徙活动相关。

关键词：贾湖遗址人骨微量元素分析组成部分生物考古古代人类生活方式发展过程稻作农业谱分析迁徙

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Solid Dose Form of Metformin with Ethyl Eicosapentaenoic Acid Does Not Improve Metformin Plasma Availability

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2016年第1期7卷 29-35页

作者： Jeffrey h. burton William D. Johnson Frank L. Greenway Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge USA

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid on pharmacokinetics of metformin. Pharmacokinetic profiles of metformin and ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid when delivered separately or together in solid dose form were investigated and compared to determine whether the solid dose resulted in an altered metforminpharmacokinetics when given with or without food. Methods: A single-center, open-label, repeated dose study investigated the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of metformin when administered in solid dose form with ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid compared to co-administration with icosapent ethyl, an ester of eicosapentaenoic acid and ethyl alcohol used to treat severe hypertriglyceridemia with metformin hydrochloride. Non-compartmental PK methods were used to compare area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) between patients randomized to either the ester or separate medications group under both fasting and fed conditions. Results: Using these two PK parameters, results showed that metformin availability was higher under fasting conditions when delivered separately from icosapent ethyl. There were no group differences in the fed condition. Conclusions: The solid dose form of metformin and ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid did not improve the pharmacokinetics of metformin in terms of plasma availability, suggesting that little is to be gained over the separate administration of ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and metformin hydrochloride.

关键词： AUC Bioavailability Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metformin Pharmacokinetics

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