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Review of mammalogical research in the Guianas of northern South America

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第2期11卷 151-161页

作者： burton k.LIM Royal Ontario Museum TorontoOntarioCanada

Research on mammals in the Guianas of northern South America has had a checkered *** this review,I summarize the notable contributions to mammalogical study in Guyana,Suriname and French *** studies began in the mid-18th century with the binomial nomenclature system of scientific classification created by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus,who described 23 species new to science based on holotype specimens from the *** popular accounts by amateur naturalists visiting this region,over the next 7 decades there was only sporadic taxonomic work done on Guianan mammals primarily by researchers at European *** first comprehensive biological exploration took place in the 1840s during a geographic survey of the boundaries of British ***,it was not until almost half a century later that scientific publications began to regularly document the increasing species diversity in the region,including the prodigious work of Oldfield Thomas at the British Museum of Natural History in *** lull in the study of mammals occurred in the mid-1910s to the early 1960s after which foreign researchers began to rediscover the Guianas and their pristine *** biological renaissance is still ongoing and I give a prospectus on the direction of future research in one of the last frontiers of tropical *** initiative that would be greatly beneficial is the establishment of a university network in the Guianas with graduate-based research to develop a cadre of professional experts on biodiversity and evolution as seen in other countries of South America.

关键词： French Guiana Guyana history Mammalia Suriname

Utilizing multiphoton imaging and integrative clearing to reveal sex differences in neuroimmune interactions after nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2429-2430页

作者： Zachary w.Castillo Michael D.burton Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesCenter for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at Dallas

with the constant development of multiphoton microscopy,our ability to observe complex and dynamic biological processes deeper within living tissue,is steadily *** use multiphoton microscopy,because experiments can be conducted with little to no invasiveness or tissue damage over a long period of time with no photodamage(Mancuso et al.,2009).This allows for the introduction of tissue into the context of a three-dimensional 3D environment in which visualization of cellular activation and interaction is *** circumventing a distorted reconstruction with limited z-stacks,multiphoton imaging provides enhanced spatiotemporal resolution.

关键词： resolution. multiphoton distorted

Reconstructing the phytogeny of new world monkeys(platyrrhini):evidence from multiple non-coding loci

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 579-588页

作者： Xiaoping wANG burton k.LIM Nelson TING Jingyang HU Yunpeng LIANG Christian ROOS Li YU State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina School of Life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina epartm ent of Natural History Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoONCanada Department of Anthropology and Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of OregonEugeneOregonUSA State key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchKellnerwegGottingenGermany

Among mammalian phylogenies,those characterized by rapid radiations are particularly *** New world monkeys(NwMs,Platyrrhini)comprise 3 families and 7 subfamilies,which radiated within a relatively short time ***,their phylogenetic relationships are still largely *** the present study,56 nuclear non-coding loci,including 33 introns(INs)and 23 intergenic regions(IGs),from 20 NwM individuals representing 18 species were used to investigate phylogenetic relationships among families and *** the 56 loci,43 have not been used in previous NwM *** applied concatenation and coalescence tree-inference methods,and a recently proposed question-specific approach to address NwM *** results indicate incongruence between concatenation and coalescence methods for the IN and IG ***,a consensus was reached with a single tree topology from all analyses of combined INs and IGs as well as all analyses of question-specific loci using both concatenation and coalescence methods,albeit with varying degrees of statistical *** detail,our results indicated the sister-group relationships between the families Atelidae and Pitheciidae,and between the subfamilies Aotinae and Callithrichinae among *** study provides insights into the disputed phylogenetic relationships among NwM families and subfamilies from the perspective of multiple non-coding loci and various tree-inference ***,the present phylogenetic framework needs further evaluation by adding more independent sequence data and a deeper taxonomic ***,our work has important implications for phylogenetic studies dealing with rapid radiations.

关键词： coalescence concatenation non-coding nuclear genes primates phylogenetics

Adaptive evolutionary expansion of the ribonuclease 6 in Rodentia

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第3期14卷 306-317页

作者： Datian LANG burton kLIM Yun GAO Xiaoping wANG Agronomy and Life Science Department Zhaotong UniversityZhaotongChina Department of Natural History Royal Ontario MuseumTorontoOntarioCanada State key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of ScienceKunmingChina School of Life Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Diversity and Evolution of High Education in Yunnan Province Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina.

Ribonuclease 6(RNase6 or RNase k6)is a protein that belongs to a superfamily thought to be the sole vertebrate-specific enzyme known for a wide range of physiological functions,including digestion,cytotoxicity,angiogenesis,male reproduction and host *** our study,51 functional genes and 11 pseudogenes were identified from 27 Rodentia ***,in the 3 main lineages of rodents there were multiple RNase6s identified in all species of Ctenohystrica,whereas only a single RNase6 was observed in other Rodentia species examined except for 2 species in the mouse-related *** evolutionary scenario of“birth(gene duplication)and death(gene deactivation)”and gene sorting have been demonstrated in *** addition,bursts of positive selection,diversification of isoelectric point and positive net charge have been identified in Ctenohystrica,especially at two key sites that are involved in antimicrobial *** Trp30 has undergone positive selection and Ile45 has changed into other residues in Group B and Group C of the *** results demonstrated a complex and intriguing evolutionary pattern of rodent RNase6,and indicated that functional modification may have occurred,which establishes an important theoretical foundation for future functional assays in rodent RNase6.

关键词： gene duplication gene sorting pancreatic ribonuclease 6(RNase6) positive selection Rodentia

The comparative efficacy of ezetimibe added to atorvastatin 10 mg versus uptitration to atorvastatin 40 mg in subgroups of patients aged 65 to 74 years or greater than or equal to 75 years

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Ori Ben-Yehuda Nanette k. wenger Christian Constance Franklin Zieve Mary E. Hanson Jian-Xin Lin Arvind k. Shah Charlotte Jones-burton Andrew M. Tershakovec University of California San Diego 200 West Arbor Drive La Jolla CA 92103 USA Emory University School of Medicine 49 Jess Hill Jr Dr SE Atlanta GA 30303 USA SHopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Recherche Clinique/Polyclinique 5415 Boulevard de l＇Assomption Suite 295 Montreal Quebec QC H1T2M4 Canada McGuire VA Medical Center 1201 Broad Rock Blvd （151） Richmond VA 23249 USA Merck-Sharp ＆ Dohme One Merck Drive Whitehouse Station NJ 08889 USA

Background Coronary heart disease （CHD） risk increases with age; yet lipid-lowering therapies are significantly under-utilized in patients 〉 65 years. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies in older patients treated with atorvastatin 10 nag ＋ ezetimibe 10 mg （EZ/Atorva） vs. increasing the atorvastatin dose to 40 mg, Methods Patients 〉 65 years with atherosclerotic vascular disease （LDL-C ≥1.81 mmol/L） or at high risk for coronary heart disease （LDL-C 〉 2.59 mmol/L） were randomized to EZ/Atorva for 12 wk vs. uptitration to atorvastatin 20 nag for 6 wk followed by atorvastatin 40 nag for 6 wk. The percent change in LDL-C and other lipid parameters and percent patients achieving prespecified LDL-C levels were assessed after 12 wk. Results EZ/Atorva produced greater reductions in most lipid parameters vs. uptitration of atorvastatin in patients 〉 75 years （n = 228）, generally consistent with patients 65-74 years （n = 812）. More patients achieved LDL-C targets with combination therapy vs. monotherapy in both age groups at 6 wk and in patients 〉 75 years at 12 wk. At 12 wk, more patients 〉 75 years achieved LDL-C targets with monotherapy vs. combination therapy. EZ/Atorva produced more favorable improvements in most lipids vs. doubling or quadrupling the atorvastatin dose in patients 〉 75 years, generally consistent with the findings in patients 65-74 years. Conclusions Our results extended previous findings demonstrating that ezetimibe added to a statin provided a generally well-tolerated therapeutic option for improving the lipid profile in patients 65 to 74 years and 〉 75 years of age.

关键词： cholesterol absorption inhibitor LDL-C hypercholesterolemia statin

The role of microglia versus peripheral macrophages in maladaptive plasticity after nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1202-1203页

作者： Thomas A.Szabo-Pardi Nilesh M.Agalave Michael D.burton Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesCenter for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA

Microglia and macrophages in the development of maladaptive plastic changes after peripheral nerve injury:Microglia and macrophages encompass the innate immune response to injury in the central and peripheral nervous systems,respectively,and are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of maladaptive changes(Tsuda,2019).These dynamic cells can influence neuronal activity in active and quiescent *** findings argue that peripheral macrophages facilitate the development of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain,as opposed to central microglia(Lopes et al.,2017;Yu et al.,2020).

关键词： al. injury peripheral

A generic framework for geotechnical subsurface modeling with machine learning

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第5期14卷 1366-1379页

作者： Jiawei Xie Jinsong Huang Cheng Zeng Shan Huang Glen J.burton Discipline of Civil Surveying and Environmental EngineeringPriority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and EngineeringThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW2308Australia ATC williams Pty.Ltd. SingletonNSW2330Australia

This study introduces a generic framework for geotechnical subsurface modeling, which accounts for spatial autocorrelation with local mapping machine learning(ML) methods. Instead of using XY coordinate fields directly as model input, a series of autocorrelated geotechnical distance fields(GDFs) is designed to enable the ML models to infer the spatial relationship between the sampled locations and unknown locations. The whole framework using GDF with ML methods is named GDF-ML. This framework is purely data-driven which avoids the tedious work in the scale of fluctuations(SOFs)estimating and data detrending in the conventional spatial interpolation methods. Six local mapping ML methods(extra trees(ETs), gradient boosting(GB), extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost), random forest(RF), general regression neural network(GRNN) and k-nearest neighbors(kNN)) are compared in the GDF-ML framework. The results show that the GDFs are better than the conventional XY coordinate fields based ML methods in both accuracy and spatial continuity. GDF-ML is flexible which can be applied to high-dimensional, multi-variable and incomplete datasets. Among these six methods, GDF with ET method(GDF-ET) clearly shows the best accuracy and best spatial continuity. The proposed GDF-ET method can provide a fast and accurate interpretation of the soil property profile. Sensitivity analysis shows that this method is applicable to very small training dataset size. The associated statistical uncertainty can also be quantified so that the reliability of the subsurface modeling results can be estimated objectively and explicitly. The uncertainty results clearly show that the prediction becomes more accurate when more sampled data are available.

关键词： Site investigation Machine learning(ML) Spatial interpolation Geotechnical distance fields(GDFs) Tree-based models

Ets-2 deletion in myeloid cells attenuates IL-1α-mediated inflammatory disease caused by a Ptpn6 point mutation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第7期18卷 1798-1808页

作者： Sarang Tartey Prajwal Gurung Rajendra karki Amanda burton Paul Hertzog Thirumala-Devi kanneganti Department of Immunology St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN38105USA Inflammation Program University of IowaIowa CityIA52241USA Centre for Innate Immunity&Infectious Diseases Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchDepartment of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3168Australia

The SHP-1 protein encoded by the Ptpn6 gene has been extensively studied in hematopoietic cells in the context of inflammation.A point mutation in this gene(Ptpn6spin)causes spontaneous inflammation in mice,which has a striking similarity to neutrophilic dermatoses in *** findings highlighted the role of signaling adapters and kinases in promoting inflammation in Ptpn6spin mice;however,the underlying transcriptional regulation is poorly ***,we report that SYk is important for driving neutrophil infiltration and initiating wound healing responses in Ptpn6spin ***,we found that deletion of the transcription factor Ets2 in myeloid cells ameliorates cutaneous inflammatory disease in Ptpn6spin mice through transcriptional regulation of its target inflammatory ***,Ets-2 drives IL-1α-mediated inflammatory signaling in neutrophils of Ptpn6spin ***,in addition to its well-known role in driving inflammation in cancer,Ets-2 plays a major role in regulating IL-1α-driven Ptpn6spin-mediated neutrophilic dermatoses.

关键词： Autoinflammation ETS-2 IL-1α Neutrophilic dermatoses PTPN6 SHP-1

Effect of feeding broilers diets differing in susceptible phytate content

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第1期2卷 33-39页

作者： Natalie k.Morgan Carrie L.walk Michael R.Bedford Dawn V.Scholey Emily J.burton School of Animal Rural and Environmental Science Nottingham Trent University AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Measurements of total phytate phosphorus content of diets may be deceptive as they do not indicate substrate availability for phytase; it may be that measurements of phytate susceptible to phytase effects are a more accurate measure of phosphorus(P) availability to the bird. To verify this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to compare diets formulated to contain either high or low susceptible phytate, supplemented with either 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Susceptible phytate was determined by exposing the feed samples to conditions that mimicked the average pH of the proximal gastrointestinal tract(pH 4.5) and the optimum temperature for phytase activity(37℃) and then measuring phytate dissolved. Ross 308 birds(n = 240) were fed one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design; 2 diets with high(8.54 g/kg, 57.90% of total phytate) or low(5.77 g/kg, 46.33% of total phytate) susceptible phytate, containing 0 or 500 FTU/kg phytase. Diets were fed to broilers(12 replicate pens of 5 birds per pen) from d 0 to 28 post hatch. Birds fed diets high in susceptible phytate had greater phytate hydrolysis in the gizzard(P weight gain(BwG)(P = 0.015) and lower FCR(P = 0.003) than birds fed the low susceptible phytate diets,irrespective of phytase presence. Birds fed the high susceptible diets also had greater P solubility in the gizzard and Ca and P solubility in the jejunum and ileum(P w susceptible diets. All the susceptible phytate was fully degraded in the tract in the absence of added phytase, suggesting the assay used in this study was able to successfully estimate the amount of total dietary phytate that was susceptible to the effects of phytase when used at standard levels. No interactions were observed between susceptible phytate and phytase on phytate hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of phytate was greate

关键词： Broiler Phytate Digestibility Phytase Phosphorus