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A High Dielectric N-Type Small Molecular Acceptor Containing Oligoethyleneglycol Side-Chains for Organic Solar Cellst

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Chinese j.urnal of Chemistry 2018年第3期36卷 199-205页

作者： Bomee j.ng Changyeon Lee Young Woong Lee Donguk kim Mohammad Afsar Uddin Felix Sunj.o kim bumjoon j. kim Han Young Woo Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biornolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974 Republic of Korea

We report a new small molecular acceptor, ITIC-OEG, which is based on indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene and 1,1-（dicyanomethylene）-3- indanone including oligoethyleneglycol （OEG） side-chains. ITIC-OEG was found to have higher dielectric constant （ε1=5.6} than that of a reference molecule of ITIC with normal alkyl substituents （ε1=3.9）. The dielectric constant of medium influences significantly the exciton binding energy and the resulting charge separation and recombination. The optical, electrochemical and morphological properties of ITIC-OEG and its photovoltaic characteristics were investigated by blending with a semi-crystalline donor polymer, PPDT2FBT, with comparison to those of ITIC. ITIC-OEG shows more red-shifted absorption and stronger crystalline packing than ITIC. However, the lower photovoltaic performance （with 1.58% power conversion efficiency, PCE） was measured for PPDT2FBT-ITIC-OEG, compared to PPDT2FBT：ITIC （5..52% PCE）. The incompatibility between PPDT2FBT and ITIC-OEG （due to high hydrophilic nature of OEG chains） resulted in poor intermixing with large domain separation over 300 nm, showing inefficient charge separation and significant charge recombination. Therefore, to investigate the effect of dielectric constant of the materials on the charge separation and recombination, the blend morphology of the PPDT2FBT：ITIC-OEG should be optimized first by improving their miscibility and phase separation.

关键词： N-type small molecule dielectric constant morphology organic solar cells

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Superplasticity of fine-grained Mg-10Li alloy prepared by severe plastic deformation and understanding its deformation mechanisms

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 316-331页

作者： H.T.j.ong S.W.Lee W.j.kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hongik UniversityMapo-guSangsu-dong 72-1Seoul 121-791Republic of Korea

The superplastic behavior and associated deformation mechanisms of a fine-grained Mg-10.1 Li-0.8Al-0.6Zn alloy(LAZ1011)with a grain size of 3.2μm,primarily composed of the BCCβphase and a small amount of the HCPαphase,were examined in a temperature range of 473 K to 623 *** microstructural refinement of this alloy was achieved by employing high-ratio differential speed *** best superplasticity was achieved at 523 K and at strain rates of 10^(-4)-5×10^(-4)s^(-1),where tensile elongations of 550±600%were *** the heating and holding stage of the tensile samples prior to tensile loading,a significant increase in grain size was observed at temperatures above 573 ***,it was important to consider this effect when analyzing and understanding the superplastic deformation behavior and *** the investigated strain rate range,the superplastic flow at low strain rates was governed by lattice diffusion-controlled grain boundary sliding,while at high strain rates,lattice diffusion-controlled dislocation climb creep was the rate-controlling deformation *** was concluded that solute drag creep is unlikely to *** the late stages of deformation at 523 K,it was observed that grain boundary sliding led to the agglomeration of theαphase,resulting in significant strain *** mechanism maps were constructed forβ-Mg-Li alloys in the form of 2D and 3D formats as a function of strain rate,stress,temperature,and grain size,using the constitutive equations for various deformation mechanisms derived based on the data of the current tests.

关键词： Magnesium-lithium alloy Superplasticity Severe plastic deformation Grain size Grain growth

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Polymer donors with hydrophilic side-chains enabling efficient and thermally-stable polymer solar cells by non-halogenated solvent processing

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Nano Research Energy 2024年第1期3卷 19-29页

作者： Soodeok Seo j.n-Young Park j.n Su Park Seungj.n Lee Do-Yeong Choi Yun-Hi kim bumjoon j.kim Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology and ERI Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Advanced Energy Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry and ERI Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea

Polymer solar cells(PSCs)with high power conversion efficiency(PCE)and environment-friendly fabrication are the main requirements enabling their production in industrial *** the use of non-halogenated solvent processing is inevitable for the PSC fabrication,it significantly reduces the processability of polymer donors(PDS)and small-molecule acceptors(SMAs).This often results in unoptimized blend morphology and limits the device *** address this issue,hydrophilic oligoethylene glycol(OEG)side-chains are introduced into a PD(2EG)to enhance the molecular compatibility between the PD and L8-BO *** 2EG PD induces higher crystallinity and alleviates phase separation with the SMA compared to the reference PD(PM7)with hydrocarbon ***,the 2EG-based PSCs exhibit a higher PCE(15.8%)than the PM7-based PSCs(PCE=14.4%)in the ortho-xylene based ***,benefitted from the reduced phase separation and increased crystallinity of 2EG PDS,the 2EG-based PSCs show enhanced thermal stability(84%of initial PCE after 120 h heating)compared to that of the PM7-based PSCs(60%of initial PCE after 120 h heating).This study demonstrates the potential of OEG side-chain-incorporated materials in developing efficient,stable,and eco-friendly PSCs.

关键词： polymer solar cell polymer donor OEG side-chain non-halogenated solvent process side-chain engineering

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Liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces for an active photonic platform

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第6期7卷 5-29页

作者： Dohyun Kang Hyeonsu Heo Younghwan Yang j.nhwa Seong Hongyoon kim j.ohoon kim j.nsuk Rho Department of Mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 36763Republic of Korea POSCOPOSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics Pohang 37673Republic of Korea National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology(NINT) Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged ***,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical *** solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adj.stable birefringent in real ***,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral *** to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated *** the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving *** hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.

关键词： tunable metasurface liquid crystal active metasurface electrically tunable optical system

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Driving inward growth of lithium metal in hollow microcapsule hosts by heteroatom‐controlled nucleation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 262-272页

作者： Siwon kim Hong Rim Shin Ki j.e kim Min‐Sik Park j.ng‐Won Lee Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Integrated Education for Frontier Science and Technology(BK21 Four)Kyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea

The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li ***‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving increasing attention as a host material capable of accommodating Li metal inside its cavity;however,uncontrollable and nonuniform deposition of Li remains a *** this study,we synthesize metal–organic framework‐derived carbon microcapsules with heteroatom clusters(Zn and Ag)on the capsule walls and it is demonstrated that Ag‐assisted nucleation of Li metal alters the outward‐to‐inward growth in the microcapsule ***‐incorporated microcapsules are prepared via chemical etching of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 polyhedra and are subsequently decorated with Ag by a galvanic displacement reaction between Ag^(+)and metallic *** introduced Ag significantly reduces the energy barrier and increases the reaction rate for Li nucleation in the microcapsule host upon Li *** combined electrochemical,microstructural,and computational studies,we verify the beneficial role of Ag‐assisted Li nucleation in facilitating inward growth inside the cavity of the microcapsule host and,in turn,enhancing electrochemical *** study provides new insights into the design of reversible host materials for practical Li metal batteries.

关键词： hollow carbon hosts lithium metal batteries lithium plating metal-organic frameworks nucleation

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Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas Raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen Ryan McGovern Andrew kim Adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties Rapid characterization

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LOCAL CREEP EVALUATION OF P92 STEEL WELDMENT BY SMALL PUNCH CREEP TEST

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2008年第4期21卷 312-317页

作者： bumjoon kim Byeongsoo Lim School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 440-746Korea

The aim of this research is to evaluate the local creep damage of various microstructures such as coarse grained heat affected zone （CGHAZ）, fine grained heat affected zone （FG- HAZ）, intercritical heat affected zone （ICHAZ） known as Type IV region, weld metal, and base metal of P92（9Cr-2W） steel weldment by small punch （SP） creep test at 600~ C. Also, to determine the weakest local part of the weldment, the effect of microstructures on creep rupture behavior in the weldment of P92 steel was studied. From the experimental results, the FGHAZ and Type IV region turned out to be very weak local parts of P92 weldment. Especially, the TYPE IV region showed the greatest displacement rate and had the shortest rupture life with many creep cavities widely spreaded in most of the region.

关键词： conventional creep small punch creep heat affected zone cavity

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Tribological behavior of TiN,AlTiN,and AlTiCrN coatings in atmospheric and vacuum environments

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Friction 2024年第11期12卷 2611-2626页

作者： Youn-Hoo HWANG Kuk-j.n SEO Tae-Hyeong kim You j.n MIN Yuzhen LIU Dae-Eun kim Department of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Mechatronics and Energy Engineering Ningbo Tech UniversityNingbo 315211China

In this study,the tribological characteristics of TiN,AlTiN,and AlTiCrN coatings sliding against a SUS420j. stainless steel pin were investigated in atmospheric and vacuum *** coatings were deposited on SUS440C substrates using the arc-physical vapor deposition *** friction and wear behavior of the coatings were evaluated based on the systematic analyses of the friction coefficient data as well as the physical and chemical state of the wear *** results revealed that the friction coefficients of the SUS440C specimen and AlTiCrN coatings increased,whereas those of the TiN and AlTiN coatings decreased when the environment was changed from atmospheric to *** was confirmed that the formation of an oxide layer and adsorption of oxides on the surface were dominant factors that influenced the tribological behavior in the atmospheric *** the other hand,the compatibility,oxidation inhibition,and droplets of the surface mainly affected the frictional characteristics in the vacuum *** results of this work are expected to aid in the selection of proper coating materials for tribological systems operating in a vacuum.

关键词： friction wear coating vacuum TiN

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Opportunities and challenges in cathode development for non-lithium-ion batteries

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eScience 2024年第4期4卷 1-6页

作者： Haegyeom kim j.e Chul kim Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory94720CAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Stevens Institute of Technology07030NJUSA

Lithium(Li)-ion batteries have stimulated the societal transformation to clean energy *** carry-on electricity is revolutionizing how society communicates,functions,and evolves efficiently by enabling mobile electronics,zero-emission electric vehicles,and stationary energy *** preparation for the sustainable energy future,however,there are growing concerns about depleting critical elements used in the Li technology(e.g.,lithium,cobalt,and nickel),especially for large-scale applications that will accelerate the rate of elemental *** non-Li-based rechargeable batteries composed of earth-abundant elements,such as sodium,potassium,magnesium,and calcium,have been proposed and explored as alternative systems to promote sustainable development of energy *** this perspective,we discuss challenges in Li-ion batteries in the sustainability aspect and provide our opinions on the potential applications of non-Li-based *** also highlight the current status,important progress,and remaining challenges of the Li-alternative technologies.

关键词： Batteries Sodium Potassium Lithium Multi-valent Energy storage

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Surface-functionalized hole-selective monolayer for high efficiency single-j.nction wide-bandgap and monolithic tandem perovskite solar cells

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 317-326,I0008页

作者： Devthade Vidyasagar Yeonghun Yun j.e Yu Cho Hyemin Lee Kyung Won kim Yong Tae kim Sung Woong Yang j.na j.ng Won Chang Choi Seonu kim Raj.ndra Kumar Gunasekaran Seok Beom Kang Kwang Heo Dong Hoe kim j.eyeong Heo Sangwook Lee School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Optoelectronics Convergence Research CenterChonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 05006Republic of Korea

Carbazole moiety-based 2PACz([2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid)self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)are excellent hole-selective contact(HSC)materials with abilities to excel the charge-transferdynamics of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,we report a facile but powerful method to functionalize the surface of 2PACz-SAM,by which reproducible,highly stable,high-efficiency wide-bandgap PSCs can be *** 2PACz surface treatment with various donor number solvents improves assembly of 2PACz-SAM and leave residual surface-bound solvent molecules on 2PACz-SAM,which increases perovskite grain size,retards halide segregation,and accelerates hole *** surface functionalization achieves a high power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.62%for a single-j.nction wide-bandgap(~1.77 e V)*** also demonstrate a monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cell using surfaceengineered HSC,showing high PCE of 24.66%with large open-circuit voltage of 2.008 V and high fillfactor of 81.45%.Our results suggest this simple approach can further improve the tandem device,when coupled with a high-performance narrow-bandgap sub-cell.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells 2PACz Monolithic tandem solar cells Wide bandgap

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