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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第4期21卷 181-182页

作者： Dubicka, Bernadka bullock, tori Royal Coll Psychiatrists Child & Adolescent Fac London England

自从绿皮书《每个儿童都重要》（Every Child Matters）发布以来已过了20年。20年前，英国政府发布这一报告旨在让儿童服务发生彻底转变，包括对儿童和青少年精神卫生服务的大力投资。

关键词：儿童精神卫生服务系统性歧视保健知识心理学

Panoptic UAV:Panoptic Segmentation of UAV Images for Marine Environment Monitoring

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工程与科学中的计算机建模(英文) 2024年第1期138卷 1001-1014页

作者： Yuling Dou Fengqin Yao Xiandong Wang Liang Qu Long Chen Zhiwei Xu Laihui Ding Leon Bevan bullock Guoqiang Zhong Shengke Wang School of Computer Science and Technology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao266000China Department of Informatics University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Research and Development Department Shandong Willand Intelligent Technology Co.Ltd.Qingdao266102China

UAV marine monitoring plays an essential role in marine environmental protection because of its flexibility and convenience,low cost and convenient *** marine environmental monitoring,the similarity between objects such as oil spill and sea surface,Spartina alterniflora and algae is high,and the effect of the general segmentation algorithm is poor,which brings new challenges to the segmentation of UAV marine *** segmentation can do object detection and semantic segmentation at the same time,which can well solve the polymorphism problem of objects in UAV ocean ***,there are few studies on UAV marine image recognition with panoptic *** addition,there are no publicly available panoptic segmentation datasets for UAV *** this work,we collect and annotate UAV images to form a panoptic segmentation UAV dataset named UAV-OUC-SEG and propose a panoptic segmentation method named ***,to deal with the large intraclass variability in scale,deformable convolution and CBAM attention mechanism are employed in the backbone to obtain more accurate ***,due to the complexity and diversity of marine images,boundary masks by the Laplacian operator equation from the ground truth are merged into feature maps to improve boundary segmentation *** demonstrate the advantages of PanopticUAV beyond the most other advanced approaches on the UAV-OUC-SEG dataset.

关键词： Panoptic segmentation UAV marine monitoring attention mechanism boundary mask enhancement

Quantifying the Impact of In-Cab Alerts on Truck Speed Reductions in Ohio

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 273-288页

作者： Jairaj Desai Jijo K. Mathew Darcy M. bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA

In-cab alerts warn commercial vehicle drivers of upcoming roadway incidents, slowdowns and work zone construction activities. This paper reports on a study evaluating the driver response to in-cab alerts in Ohio. Driver response was evaluated by measuring the statistical trends of vehicle speeds after the in-cab alerts were received. Vehicle speeds pre and post in-cab alert were collected over a 47 day period in the fall of 2023 for trucks traveling on interstate roadways in Ohio. Results show that approximately 22% of drivers receiving Dangerous Slowdown alerts had reduced their speeds by at least 5 mph 30 seconds after receiving such an alert. Segmenting this analysis by speed found that of vehicles traveling at or above 70 mph at the time of alerting, 26% reduced speeds by at least 5 mph. These speed reductions suggest drivers taking actional measures after receiving alerts. Future studies will involve further analysis on the impact of the types of alerts shown, roadway characteristics and overall traffic conditions on truck speeds passing through work zones.

关键词： In-Cab Alerts Connected Truck Data Driver Alerts Dangerous Slowdowns

Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 289-307页

作者： Jijo K. Mathew Jairaj Desai Edward D. Cox Darcy M. bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Indiana Department of Transportation Indianapolis IN USA

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

关键词： Connected Truck Data Rest Areas Exit Ramps Truck Parking Commercial Vehicles

CD40 stimulation as a molecular adjuvant for cancer vaccines and other immunotherapies

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第1期19卷 14-22页

作者： Timothy N.J.bullock Department of Pathology University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA

The substantial advances attained by checkpoint blockade immunotherapies have driven an expansion in the approaches used to promote T cell access to the tumor microenvironment to provide targets for checkpoint *** in any T cell response to a tumor antigen is the capacity of dendritic cells to initiate and support such ***,the rationale and early immunobiology of CD40 as a master regulator of dendritic cell activation is reviewed,with further contextualization and appreciation for the role of CD40 stimulation not only in cancer vaccines but also in other contemporary immune-oncology approaches.

关键词： CD40 vaccine CD40L T cell dendritic cell

PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTRO-AND MECHANORECEPTORS IN CATFISH Ictalurus nebulosus

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Science China Chemistry 1984年第10期27卷 1023-1028页

作者：童裳亮,THEODOREH.bullock Department of Marine Biology Shandong College of Oceanography Qingdao Neurobiology Unit Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences School of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093 U.S.A.

Two kinds of afferents in the posterior lateral line nerve in catfish have been identifiedaccording to their functional properties: the electro-and mechanoreceptor afferents. The elec-troreceptor afferents are very sensitive to electric current in water. They do not respond todistant mechanical stimulation resulting from water dropping into the tank, but do respond tolight pressing against the rcceptors with a glass rod. The mcchanoreceptor afferents are verysensitive to distant mechanical events, but much less sensitive to electric current.

关键词： PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ELECTRO-AND MECHANORECEPTORS IN CATFISH Ictalurus nebulosus

The effect of surface roughness on claw and adhesive hair performance in the dock beetle Gastrophysa viridula

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Insect Science 2011年第3期18卷 298-304页

作者： James M. R. bullock Walter Federle Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge UK

Natural adhesive systems are adapted to attach to rough surfaces, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Attachment forces for the beetle Gastrophysa viridula were recorded on epoxy casts of surfaces with different roughness using a centrifuge device. Replicas were made of standardized polishing paper with asperity sizes ranging from 0.05 to 30 μm and of dock leaves （Rumex obtusifolius）. Beetles adhered with a safety factor of up to 36 times body weight on smooth substrates or on casts of leaves of their host plant. On the rough substrates, forces were much lower and a minimum at small scale roughness （0.05μm asperity size, with a mean safety factor of S） was observed. Removal of the claws led to a significant reduction in force for rough substrates with asperity sizes ≥ 12 μm. Attachment forces of the hairy adhesive system itself（without the claws） slightly increased from small-scale to large-scale surface roughness, but remained below the level seen on the smooth substrate. This is explained by the inability of setal tips to make full contact to the surface.

关键词： adhesion biomechanics claws locomotion roughness tribology

A Quantitative Approach for Timing the Pedestrian Walk Interval

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第4期12卷 732-743页

作者： Abdullah Jalal Nafakh Darcy Michael bullock Jon Douglas Fricker Purdue University West Lafayette USA

At a typical signalized intersection, the pedestrian phase consists of a walk interval and a change/clearance interval, during which pedestrians are given the right of way. The walk interval is intended to allow pedestrians to exit the curb ramp and enter the crosswalk. The clearance interval will enable them to cross entirely to the other side of the road. Unfortunately, the literature is quite vague on how long the walk interval should be and provides values ranging from 4 to 15 seconds based on qualitative pedestrian demand ranging from Negligible to High. To provide some quantitative guidance for walk interval selection, this paper reports on a study that collected 1,500 pedestrian movement data from 12 signalized intersections with varying pedestrian demand, pedestrian storage areas, and pedestrian push-button locations. The data was used to propose a quantitative model for designers to select the appropriate walk interval. Specifically, this paper seeks to add values to the Traffic Operations Handbook walk-interval guidelines as to how many pedestrians are considered “negligible volume” and can be accommodated by the 4 second minimum time, how many pedestrians are considered “typical volume” and require 7 to 10 seconds, and how many pedestrians are considered “high volume” and require 10 to 15 seconds, or perhaps longer. In addition to examining pedestrian demand, this paper looks at the impact of storage areas and pedestrian push-button location on pedestrian start-up time and, consequently, an appropriate walk interval.

关键词： Pedestrian Start-Up Time Walk Interval Pedestrian Phasing

A Data-Driven Intersection Geometry Mapping Technique to Enhance the Scalability of Trajectory-Based Traffic Signal Performance Measures

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2023年第3期13卷 443-464页

作者： Enrique D. Saldivar-Carranza Darcy M. bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA

Connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data provides practitioners with opportunities to assess traffic signal performance with no investment in detection or communication infrastructure. With over 500 billion trajectory records generated each month in the United States, operations can be evaluated virtually at any of the over 400,000 traffic signals in the nation. The manual intersection mapping required to generate accurate movement-level trajectory-based performance estimations is the most time-consuming aspect of using CV data to evaluate traffic signal operations. Various studies have utilized vehicle location data to update and create maps;however, most proposed mapping techniques focus on the identification of roadway characteristics that facilitate vehicle navigation and not on the scaling of traffic signal performance measures. This paper presents a technique that uses commercial CV trajectory and open-source OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to automatically map intersection centers and approach areas of interest to estimate signal performance. OSM traffic signal tags are processed to obtain intersection centers. CV data is then used to extract intersection geometry characteristics surrounding the intersection. To demonstrate the proposed technique, intersection geometry is mapped at 500 locations from which trajectory-based traffic signal performance measures are estimated. The results are compared to those obtained from manual geometry definitions. Statistical tests found that at a 99% confidence level, upstream-focused performance estimations are strongly correlated between both methodologies. The presented technique will aid agencies in scaling traffic signal assessment as it significantly reduces the amount of manual labor required.

关键词： Connected Vehicle Trajectory Traffic Signal Performance Map Geometry

Diamond Interchange Performance Measures Using Connected Vehicle Data

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2022年第3期12卷 475-497页

作者： Enrique Saldivar-Carranza Steven Rogers Howell Li Darcy Michael bullock Purdue University West Lafayette USA

Diamond interchanges are frequently used where a freeway intersects a two-way surface street. Most of the techniques to evaluate the performance of diamond interchanges rely on the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), simulation, Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPMs), and historical crash data. HCM and simulation techniques require on-site data collection to obtain models’ inputs. ATSPMs need high-resolution controller event data acquired from roadway sensing equipment. Safety studies typically need 3 to 5 years of crash data to provide statistically significant results. This study utilizes commercially available connected vehicle (CV) data to assess the performance and operation of a three- and four-phase diamond interchange located in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Dallas, Texas, respectively. Over 92,000 trajectories and 1,400,000 GPS points are analyzed from August 2020 weekdays CV data. Trajectories are linear-referenced to generate Purdue Probe Diagrams (PPDs) from which arrivals on green (AOG), split failures, downstream blockage, and movement-based control delay are estimated. In addition, an extension of the PPD is presented that characterizes the complete journey of a vehicle travelling through both signals of the diamond interchange. This enhanced PPD is a significant contribution as it provides an analytical framework and graphical summary of the operational characteristics of how the external movements traverse the entire system. The four-phase control showed high internal progression (99% AOG) compared to the moderate internal progression of the three-phase operation (64% AOG). This is consistent with the design objectives of three- and four-phase control models, but historically these quantitative AOG measures were not possible to obtain with just detector data. Additionally, a graphical summary that illustrates the spatial distribution of hard-braking and hard-acceleration events is also provided. The presented techniques can be used by any ag

关键词： Performance Measures Safety Connected Vehicle Trajectories Diamond Interchange