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Laboratory response to an infant with suspected measles vaccine associated fever and rash in Sri Lanka

Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 57-62页

作者： buddhini samaraweera Malsha G.Thrimavithana Lakmini Gunathilake Prabath Gankanda Janitha Nanayakkara Janaki I.Abeynayake The Departement of Virology Teaching Hospital KarapitiyaGalleSri Lanka The Ministry of Heath ColomboSri Lanka The Department of Virology Medical Research InstituteColombo 08Sri Lanka

Background:Measles is a highly contagious illness.Sri Lanka(SL)has eliminated the measles in 2019.The coun-try is at risk of importation of measles and there could be vaccine-associated measles like illnesses.Therefore,it is important to investigate patients with fever,rash to differentiate the wild-type from vaccine-type exclud-ing other suspected pathogens to direct infection prevention and control strategies.The objective is to describe the laboratory investigation procedure in an immunocompetent child,developed fever,rash following measles containing vaccine in post-measles eliminated period,SL.Methods:This laboratory based investigation was carried out in National Measles Laboratory,SL.Blood and throat swab were received from a patient with fever,rash,cough and coryza developed at tenth day of receiving the measles containing live-attenuated vaccine.Samples were tested for measles,rubella,and other relevant pathogens according to the laboratory testing algorithm for an immunocompetent child with fever,rash and flu like symptoms.Results:Measles vaccine type A,Edmonston-strain virus was detected after sequencing in throat swab and measles IgM and IgG were positive at sixth-week of illness-onset.In addition,influenza A RNA was detected in throat swab at day-three with detectable parvoB19 IgM in blood sample received at sixth-week of post-onset symptoms.Conclusions:Measles like illness of this immunocompetent child who received measles containing vaccine could be due to measles vaccine-type A or influenza infection.In a measles eliminated,resource-limited setting in SL,there should be a well-defined,testing algorithm to exclude prevalent possible pathogens according to epidemiological and clinical information.

关键词： Measles vaccine Vaccine-type virus Laboratory diagnosis Sequencing Measles elimination

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Rice-wheat comparative genomics:Gains and gaps

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 656-669页

作者： Akila Wijerathna-Yapa Ruchi Bishnoi buddhini Ranawaka Manu Maya Magar Hafeez Ur Rehman Swati G.Bharad Michal T.Lorenc Vinita Ramtekey Sasha Gohar Charu Lata Md.Harun-Or-Rashid Maryam Razzaq Muhammad Sajjad Bhoja *** School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding College of AgricultureUmmedganj-KotaAgriculture UniversityKotaRajasthan 324001India Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy Queensland University of Technology(QUT)2 George StreetBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia UWA School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWA 6009Australia Nepal Agriculture Research Council KhumaltarLalitpurNepal Department of Agronomy University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Agricultural Botany Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi VidyapeethAkola 444104MaharashtraIndia ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Science MauUttar Pradesh 275103India School of Natural Sciences Macquarie UniversityMacquarie ParkNSW 2109Australia ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research Flowrdale 54642ShimlaIndia International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Bangladesh Office Gulshan-2Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Center for Seed Science University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Biosciences COMSATS University IslamabadPark RoadTarlai KalanIslamabad 45550Pakistan CGIAR’s Excellence in Breeding(EiB)Platform/Accelerated Breeding Initiative International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)El Batán 56237Mexico

Rice and wheat provide nearly 40%of human calorie and protein requirements.They share a common ancestor and belong to the Poaceae(grass)family.Characterizing their genetic homology is crucial for developing new cultivars with enhanced traits.Several wheat genes and gene families have been characterized based on their rice orthologs.Rice–wheat orthology can identify genetic regions that regulate similar traits in both crops.Rice–wheat comparative genomics can identify candidate wheat genes in a genomic region identified by association or QTL mapping,deduce their putative functions and biochemical pathways,and develop molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding.A knowledge of gene homology facilitates the transfer between crops of genes or genomic regions associated with desirable traits by genetic engineering,gene editing,or wide crossing.

关键词： Comparative genomics Orthologs Genes Synteny Genetic engineering Molecular breeding

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Dissociating Delusional Disorders and Infections from Dermatologic and Neurologic Effects of Morgellons Disease

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第4期11卷 311-319页

作者： Jase Grimm buddhini N. Dolapihilla Gangoda Elapathage Dulara Mahen Elapatha Udula Vidanage University of the People Pasadena USA Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka Postgraduate Institute of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka

Morgellons disease (MD) is a multi-system disorder characterized by multicolor filaments extruding out of the skin along with an array of dermatologic and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was previously termed Delusional parasitosis. However, published scientific data found the association of MD symptoms with the systemic manifestations of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia spirochete. In a retrospective study of 122 MD patients, skin specimens were examined and 96% of them showed Borrelia spirochete in their histology sample. Hence, this association suggests that spirochete infection could be a possible cause of chronic illness in MD patients, and this rejected the physician’s perception that MD lesions might be self-inflicted. A cohort study reported tick-borne co-infections among MD patients, which could also be an etiological factor for dermopathy in MD patients. Some literature also discussed neuropsychiatric manifestations like cognitive impairment, dementia anxiety, depression, paranoia, and sensory hallucinations in Lyme disease and associated tick-borne infection. The objectives of this review are to identify the differences in the past and current perception regarding the pathogenesis of MD and determine the associations of spirochetal and tick-borne diseases with MD and psychiatric illnesses. More than 50 new research articles and case reports were reviewed and only 31 articles were shortlisted and used as references. This review has a detailed discussion on Morgellons disease and its association with Spirochete infection.

关键词： Morgellons Disease Lyme Disease Spirochete Tick-Borne Infections Borrelia burgdorferi Psychiatry

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Association between Piscine Mycobacteriosis and Morgellons Disease: A Review of Literature

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第4期11卷 320-332页

作者： buddhini N. Dolapihilla Gangoda Elapathage Dulara Mahen Elapatha Jase Grimm Udula Vidanage Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka University of the People Pasadena USA Postgraduate Institute of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka

Piscine mycobacteriosis is a fatal fish illness that affects a variety of species globally. It affects over 200 species of freshwater and marine fish. Several species of Mycobacterium are responsible among them Mycobacterium marinum is the comment. It also affects humans when exposed to contaminated water. In fishes, the symptoms include eroded fins, body surface coated with heavy mucus, changing pigmentation, swelling of abdomen, ulcerative dermal necrosis, and scale loss. In humans, the infection is classified into three clinical groups. Type I is a self-limiting, verruca lesion. Type II is single or numerous subcutaneous granulomas in the presence or absence of ulceration. Type III is deep infections of the tenosynovium, bones, bursa, or joints, resulting in tenosynovitis, osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. The diagnosis is made by Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining, culture, biochemical reaction, and PCR being the most reliable approach. Piscine mycobacteriosis is treated by antibiotics and vaccination has been considered for its long-term prevention in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Morgellons disease (MD) is a filamentous dermopathy in which lesions with strange filamentous inclusions appear out of nowhere. Furthermore, formication may accompany dermopathy. The identification of Borrelia spirochetes directly in Morgellons disease patient specimen is constant and repeatable when sensitive and precise detection techniques are utilized. It has been diagnosed by microscopy, histology and molecular diagnostic techniques which are highly sensitive and specific. Morgellons disease is still a myth therefore its treatment is evolving, up to date it has been treated symptomatically.

关键词： Piscine Mycobacteriosis Fish Tuberculosis Mycobacterium marinum Morgellons Disease Borrelia Infection

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Association between Brainerd Diarrhea and Zebra Mussel Infestations

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第10期9卷 14-22页

作者： buddhini N. Dolapihilla G. E. D. M. Elapatha Jase Grimm Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka University of the People California USA

Brainerd Diarrhea is a syndrome of acute onset of watery, non-bloody diarrhea that lasts for a duration of 4 weeks or more. The index case of Brainerd Diarrhea was recorded in 1983, in the first such outbreak in Brainerd, Minnesota. In 1989, a prohibited invasive species named Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were found in the great lakes of the United States. The 7 recorded outbreaks of Brainerd diarrhea were correlated with the location and time of zebra mussel infestations. The first outbreak that occurred due to consumption of raw milk took place in Minnesota which is near the waters infested by zebra mussels. All other outbreaks were related to consumption of contaminated unchlorinated water occurred in regions not directly close to the infested rivers. However, since infestations are thought to occur due to human activity, undocumented infestations faraway are still possible. Evidence shows minor correlations between Brainerd Diarrhea outbreaks and Zebra Mussel infestations. However, none of the facts are strong enough to establish or deny a significant correlation or causation. Further cohort studies and research need to be done on the recent discoveries of Zebra Mussel infestations and new Brainerd diarrhea outbreaks. The primary search engine used to gather information for this review was ScienceDirect and PubMed. More than 35 articles and case reports were reviewed and only 20 were shortlisted and used as references. None of the studies included were restricted to study design, but studies with less than 10 participants/patients were excluded from the review.

关键词： Brainerd Diarrhea Zebra Mussel Infestation Campylobacter Mycobacterium

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