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Nutritional needs and mortality risk combine to shape foraging decisions in ants

Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 747-755页

作者： bryce barbee Noa Pinter-Wollman Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

When foraging,internal needs for particular nutrients might affect food choice,and external constraints,such as predation risk,might impact trade-offs between foraging and risk avoidance.Examining both internal and external constraints simultaneously can provide important insights into how animals make decisions.We examined how internal nutritional needs and external cues of mortality risk jointly impact the foraging behavior of ants.Ant colonies require carbohydrates to support workers energetically and proteins to raise brood.Furthermore,colonies adjust their foraging activity in response to the environment,such as food availability and the presence of predators or heterospecifics.Here we exam-ine the foraging decisions of groups of Argentine ants Linepithema humile,which differ in their nutritional needs in high-risk environments.We starved groups of ants for either proteins or carbohydrates and determined the foraging choices that ants made when cues of heterospecifics were present.We found that ants preferentially forage for carbohydrates in high-risk conditions.Furthermore,starvation for carbohydrates increased the ants'preference for carbohydrates,even when cues of heterospecifics were present at both carbohydrates and protein resources.Starvation for protein also resulted in preferential foraging for carbohydrates,but it increased visitation to a protein food source in high-risk envi-ronments compared to when ants were starved for carbohydrates or for both resources.Examining the effect of both nutrition and mortality risk on foraging simultaneously provides insights about state-dependent risk-taking behavior that may have important implications for predicting theinvasionofspecies intonovelhabitats.

关键词： decision-making foraging nutrition risk trade-offs

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Impact of COVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： bryce P.Johnson Yu-Guang He Zachary M.Robertson Angeline Wang Rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Department of Ophthalmology UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIM:To assess diabetic macular edema(DME)progression during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with systemic conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office visits.METHODS:This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of DME seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July 2021.Period 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-COVID-19),period 2 was March 2020 to December 2020(considered the height of the pandemic;highest level of pandemic-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustment to the new“pandemic norms”).Main outcome measures included visual acuity,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),macular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalmology visits,and DME treatment(s)received at each visit.To facilitate measurement of macular thickness,each macula was divided into 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined macular sectors as measured by OCT imaging.RESULTS:There was no change of BMI,systolic BP,and diastolic BP between any of the time periods.HbA1c showed a very small increase from period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,P=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(P=0.12).Macular thickness decreased for 100%of macular regions.The central macular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from 329.5 to 316.6μm(P=0.0045).After analysis of multiple variables including HbA1c,BMI,adherence to scheduled appointments,different clinic centers,and treatment interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in DME.CONCLUSION:DME doesn’t worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic,instead sustaining a very small but statistically significant improvement.While identifying a mechanism behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanations may include a delay in retinal changes beyo

关键词： COVID-19 diabetic macular edema diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography

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Archival FFPE blocks: The gift that keeps giving

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The Innovation 2024年第1期5卷 3-4页

作者： Zuen Ren bryce Ordway Po-Han Lin Cancer Center Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114USA Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02142USA

In a recent issue of Cell,Kaile and colleagues reported a robust highthroughput single-cell DNA sequencing(scDNA-seq)technique,named ArcWell,that enables the researchers to overcome huge challenges while studying cancer genomic evolution in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded(FFPE)samples from clinical cancer patients.By the application of this technique,the team revealed a clearer view of the clonal diversity of breast ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)and genomic evolution of DCIS to recurrent disease.

关键词： cancer clinical overcome

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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis: A review of clinicopathologic hallmarks and multimodal imaging manifestations

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： bryce David Beutler Alastair E Moody Jerry Mathew Thomas Benjamin Phillip Sugar Mark B Ulanja Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng Lucas Anthony Tsikitas Department of Radiology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States Department of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Department of Internal Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis(NMDARE)is a rare immune-mediated neuroinflammatory condition characterized by the rapid onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms and autonomic dysfunction.The mechanism of pathogenesis remains incompletely understood,but is thought to be related to antibodies targeting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor with resultant downstream dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways.Young adults are most frequently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 years.There is a strong female predilection with a female sex predominance of 4:1.NMDARE often develops as a paraneoplastic process and is most commonly associated with ovarian teratoma.However,NMDARE has also been described in patients with small cell lung cancer,clear cell renal carcinoma,and other benign and malignant neoplasms.Diagnosis is based on correlation of the clinical presentation,electro-encephalography,laboratory studies,and imaging.Computed tomography,positron emission tomography,and magnetic resonance imaging are essential to identify an underlying tumor,exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and predict the likelihood of long-term functional impairment.Nuclear imaging may be of value for prognostication and to assess the response to therapy.Treatment may involve high-dose corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin,and plasma exchange.Herein,we review the hallmark clinicopathologic features and imaging findings of this rare but potentially devastating condition and summarize diagnostic criteria,treatment regimens,and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Encephalitis Ovarian teratoma Paraneoplastic syndrome Teratoma

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Heavy atom effects benefit organic light emitting diode(OLED)performance

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第1期66卷 1-3页

作者： Martin R.bryce Departmentof Chemistry Durham UniversityDurham DHI3LEUnited Kingdom

This Highlight is inspired by a recent article in Nature Photonics in which Yang and co-workers [1] from Shenzhen University report new selenium-integrated thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) molecules and their applications in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).This work represents an important development in this field due to the remarkably high efficiency with which light is emitted from the devices.

关键词： OLED emitting diode

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Longwave infrared multispectral image sensor system using aluminum-germanium plasmonic filter arrays Noor E

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 10018-10025页

作者： Karishma Shaik bryce Widdicombe Dechuan Sun Sam E John Dongryeol Ryu Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas Ranjith R Unnithan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

A multispectral camera records image data in various wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum to acquire additional information that a conventional camera fails to capture.With the advent of high-resolution image sensors and color filter technologies,multispectral imagers in the visible wavelengths have become popular with increasing commercial viability in the last decade.However,multispectral imaging in longwave infrared(LWIR,8-14μm)is still an emerging area due to the limited availability of optical materials,filter technologies,and high-resolution sensors.Images from LWIR multispectral cameras can capture emission spectra of objects to extract additional information that a human eye fails to capture and thus have important applications in precision agriculture,forestry,medicine,and object identification.In this work,we experimentally demonstrate an LWIR multispectral image sensor with three wavelength bands using optical elements made of an aluminum(Al)-based plasmonic filter array sandwiched in germanium(Ge).To realize the multispectral sensor,the filter arrays are then integrated into a three-dimensional(3D)printed wheel stacked on a low-resolution monochrome thermal sensor.Our prototype device is calibrated using a blackbody and its thermal output has been enhanced with computer vision methods.By applying a state-of-theart deep learning method,we have also reconstructed multispectral images to a better spatial resolution.Scientifically,our work demonstrates a versatile spectral thermography technique for detecting target signatures in the LWIR range and other advanced spectral analyses.

关键词： infrared plasmonics germanium(Ge) aluminum(Al) thermal optics longwave infrared(LWIR)multispectral system

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Overexpression of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 during Xenopus embryogenesis affects head and axial tissue formation

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Cell Research 2004年第5期14卷 389-399页

作者： bryce PICKARD Sashko DAMJANOVSKI Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London Canada

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) modulate extracellular matrix remodeling during embryonic develop- ment and disease. TIMP-3 expression was examined during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis: TIMP-3 transcripts detected in the maternal pool of RNA increased at the mid-blastula transition, decreased dramatically during gastrulation and increased again during neurulation and axis elongation. Interestingly, the decrease during gastrulation was not seen in LiCl treated (dorsalized) embryos. Whole mount in situ hybridization of TIMP-3 using DIG-labeled RNA probes demonstrated that the transcripts were present in all dorsal tissues during embryogenesis, but were prominent only in head structures starting at stage 35. Overexpression of TIMP-3 through transgenesis and RNA injections led to devel- opmental abnormalities and death. Both overexpression strategies resulted in post-gastrulation perturbation including those to neural and head structures, as well as truncated axes. However, RNA injections resulted in more severe early defects such as failure of neural tube closure, and transgenesis caused truncated axes and head abnormalities. No transgenic embryo expressing TIMP-3 survived past stage 40.

关键词： Xenopus TIMP-3 transgenesis neurulation

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Clearance angle and evolution of depth of cut in actuated disc cutting

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 644-658页

作者： Sevda Dehkhoda bryce Hill CSIRO Minerals Resources Queensland Centre for Advanced Technologies

This paper investigates the effect of cutter clearance angle on variation of depth of cut and cutting process with an actuated disc cutting(ADC).ADC is a cyclic cutting method with two main characteristics:(i)a disk-shape cutter is used to attack the rock in an undercutting mechanism;and(ii)the cutter is dynamically actuated as it is moved across the rock.Hence,the cutting process of such system is periodic,each recurrence known as actuation cycle.The first ADC model,developed in 2016,represented an idealization of the technology with a flat disc cutter,where no clearance angle was considered.The evolution of the contact between the disc and the rock was,therefore,computed only on horizontal x-y plane,ignoring the effect of normal component of the force acting on cartridge.This article reports on a study that incorporates the cutter inclination angle in derivation of cutter/rock interface laws.It extends the proposed kinematic and geometry based model to take into account the variable depth of cut in estimating the forces associated with cutting in one actuation cycle.Experiments were conducted using Wobble to test the predictions of the improved model at various operating conditions.The model predictions are matched with the experimental results and effects of various factors are analysed.

关键词： Actuated disc cutting Undercutting Force model Wobble Hard rock cutting

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Aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) materials： a new break-through for nondoped OLEDs

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第12期60卷 1561-1562页

作者： Martin R. bryce Department of Chemistry Durham UniversityDurham DH1 3LEUK

Nowadays,purely organic materials with delayed fluorescence(DF)are being enthusiastically developed and extensively utilized as light-emitting materials to fabricate OLEDs because of their high exciton utilization and metal-free nature.These DF materials usually have a small single-triplet splitting(ΔEST),and the nonradiative triplet excitons(75%)can be converted into radiative singlet excitons via

关键词： a new break-through for nondoped OLEDs materials Aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence

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Dual role of lipids for genome stability and pluripotency facilitates full potency of mouse embryonic stem cells

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蛋白质与细胞:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 591-602页

作者： Liangwen Zhong Miriam Gordillo Xingyi Wang Yiren Qin Yuanyuan Huang Alexey Soshnev Ritu Kumar Gouri Nanjangud Daylon James C.David Allis Todd Evans bryce Carey Duancheng Wen Department of Reproductive Medicine Ronald O.Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA Molecular Cytogenetics Core.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY 10065USA Department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative BiologyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioOne UTSA CircleSan AntonioTX 78249USA Gladstone Institutes 1650 Owens StSan FranciscoCA94158USA

While Mek1/2 and Gsk3βinhibition("2i")supports the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells(EsCs)in a homogenous naive state,prolonged culture in 2i results in aneuploidy and DNA hypomethylation that impairs developmental potential.Additionally,2i fails to support derivation and culture of fully potent female ESCs.Here we find that mouse ESCs cultured in 2i/LIF supplemented with lipid-rich albumin(AlbuMAx)undergo pluripotency transition yet maintain genomic stability and full potency over long-term culture.Mechanisticaily,lipids in AlbuMAx impact intracellular metabolism including nucleotide biosynthesis,lipid biogenesis,and TCA cycle intermediates,with enhanced expression of DNMT3s that prevent DNA hypomethylation.Lipids induce a formative-like pluripotent state through direct stimulation of Erk2 phosphorylation,which also alleviates X chromosome loss in female ESCs.Importantly,both male and female"all-ESc"mice can be generated from de novo derived ESCs using AlbuMAXbased media.Our findings underscore the importance of lipids to pluripotency and link nutrient cues to genome integrity in early development.

关键词： mouse pluripotent stem cells lipids pluripotency transition genomic stability developmental potency nucleotide pool depletion 2i medium X chromosome loss femaleall-EsC mice

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