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mojave desert tortoise(Gopherus agassizii)thermal ecology and reproductive success along a rainfall cline

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 282-294页

作者： Annette E.SIEG megan m.GAmBONE bryan P.WALLACE Susana CLUSELLATRULLAS James R.SPOTILA Harold W.AVERY Department of Natural Sciences University of Michigan-DearbornDearbornMichiganUSA HDR Plymouth MeetingPennsylvaniaUSA Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Marine LaboratoryBeaufortNorth CarolinaUSA Stratus Consulting BoulderColoradoUSA Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7602South Africa Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Biology The College of New JerseyEwingNew JerseyUSA

Desert resource environments(***,food)are tied to limited,highly localized rainfall regimes which generate microgeographic variation in the life histories of ***,enhanced growth rates,reproduction and survivorship are observed in response to increased resource availability in a variety of desert plants and short-lived *** examined the thermal ecology and reproduction of US federally threatened mojave desert tortoises(Gopherus agassizii),long-lived and large-bodied ectotherms,at opposite ends of a 250-m elevation-related rainfall cline within Ivanpah Valley in the eastern mojave Desert,California,*** operative environments in both the upper-elevation,“Cima,”and the lower-elevation,“Pumphouse,”plots corresponded with daily and seasonal patterns of incident solar *** received 22%more rainfall and contained greater perennial vegetative cover,which conferred 5°C-cooler daytime shaded *** a monitored average rainfall year,Cima tortoises had longer potential activity periods by up to several hours and greater ephemeral *** resource availability in Cima was associated with larger-bodied females producing larger eggs,while still producing the same number of eggs as Pumphouse ***,reproductive success was lower in Cima because 90%of eggs were depredated versus 11%in Pumphouse,indicating that predatory interactions produced counter-gradient variation in reproductive success across the rainfall ***-use impacts on deserts(*** energy generation)are increasing rapidly,and conservation strategies designed to protect and recover threatened desert inhabitants,such as desert tortoises,should incorporate these strong ecosystem-level responses to regional resource variation in assessments of habitat for prospective development and mitigation efforts.

关键词： Gopherus agassizii operative environments reproductive ecology resource gradient

A slow-growth high-mortality meta-analysis for insects： A comment on Chen and Chen

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 352-354页

作者： Shannon m. murphy mayra C. Vidal Claudia J. Hallagan Elizabeth E. barnes E. Dale Broder Department of Biological Sciences University of Denver Denver CO US

Dear Editor, Insect Science recently published a meta-analysis that tried to test support for the slow-growth high-mortality （hereafter SG-Hm） hypothesis （Chen＆ Chen, 2018）. meta-analysis is a powerful statistical tool used to quantitatively compare and summarize multiple studies （Arnqvist ＆ Wooster, 1995）. However, results from a meta-analysis must be carefully interpreted when only limited sample sizes are available. many conclusions made by Chen and Chen （2018） are based on low sam- rile sizes and/or have small fail-safe numbers,

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Interpretation of pipe-jacking and lubrication records for drives in silty soil

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Underground Space 2020年第3期5卷 199-209页

作者： Kevin G.O’Dwyer bryan A.mcCabe Brian B.Sheil Civil Engineering College of Engineering and InformaticsNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordUnited Kingdom

In recent years,there has been an increased resort to microtunnelling/pipe-jacking as a means of constructing underground conduits(for water,sewage,gas,and other utilities)to avoid on-street disruption in urban *** this paper,technical details of two 1200 mm internal diameter microtunnels in silty sand totalling over 550 m in length are *** average skin friction values are extremely low for both drives suggesting effective lubrication practice,differences in normalised bentonite volumes appear to be responsible for differences in skin *** or near full buoyancy of the pipeline has been demonstrated for the majority of the *** frictional stress increase after a stoppage is shown to depend on not only the stoppage duration but also on the normalised lubrication *** of data in the manner presented in the paper is an important means of assimilating experience of microtunnelling in different ground conditions.

关键词： microtunnelling Pipe-jacking Skin friction Lubrication Pipe buoyancy Stoppages

Influence of free water availability on a desert carnivore and herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 121-129页

作者： bryan m. KLUEVER Eric m. GESE Steven J. DEmPSEY Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Department of Wildland Resources Utah State University Logan UT 84322-5230 USA

Anthropogenic manipulation of finite resources on the landscape to benefit individual species or communities is commonly employed by conservation and management agencies. One such action in arid regions is the construction and maintenance of water developments （i.e., wildlife guzzlers） adding free water on the landscape to buttress local populations, influence animal movements, or af- fect distributions of certain species of interest. Despite their prevalence, the utility of wildlife guzzlers remains largely untested. We employed a before-after control-impact （BACI） design over a 4-year period on the US Army Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, USA, to determine whether water avaiJability at wildlife guzzlers influenced relative abundance of black-tailed jackrabbits Lepus californicus and relative use of areas near that resource by coyotes Canis latrans, and whether coyote visitations to guzzlers would decrease following elimination of water. Eliminating water availability at guzzlers did not influence jackrabbit relative abundance. Coyote relative use was impacted by water availability, with elimination of water reducing use in areas associated with our treatment, but not with areas associated with our control. Visitations of radio-collared coyotes to guzzlers declined nearly 3-fold following elimination of water. Our study provides the first evidence of a potential direct effect of water sources on a mammalian carnivore in an arid environment, but the ecological relevance of our finding is debatable. Future investigations aimed at determining water effects on terrestrial mam- mals could expand on our findings by incorporating manipulations of water availability, obtaining absolute estimates of population parameters and vital rates and incorporating fine-scale spatiotem- poral data.

关键词： arid black-tailed jackrabbit Canis latrans coyote Lepus cafifornicus.

A framework to evaluate whether to pool or separate behaviors in a multilayer network

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 101-111页

作者： Annemarie VAN DER mAREL Sanjay PRASHER Chelsea CARmINITO Claire L.O'CONNELL Alexa PHILLIPS bryan m.KLUEVER Elizabeth A.HOBSON Department of Biological Sciences University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH45221USA United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife ServicesNational Wildlife Research CenterFlorida Field StationGainesvilleFL32641USA

A multilayer network approach combines different network layers,which are connected by interlayer edges,to create a single mathematical *** networks can contain a variety of information types and represent different aspects of a ***,the process for selecting which information to include is not always *** data on 2 agonistic behaviors in a captive population of monk parakeets(myiopsitta monachus),we developed a framework for investigating how pooling or splitting behaviors at the scale of dyadic relationships(between 2 individuals)affects individual-and group-level social *** designed 2 reference models to test whether randomizing the number of interactions across behavior types results in similar structural patterns as the observed *** the behaviors were correlated,the first reference model suggests that the 2 behaviors convey different information about some social properties and should therefore not be ***,once we controlled for data sparsity,we found that the observed measures corresponded with those from the second reference ***,our initial result may have been due to the unequal frequencies of each ***,our findings support pooling the 2 *** of how selected measurements can be affected by data properties is warranted,but nonetheless our framework disentangles these efforts and as a result can be used for myriad types of behaviors and *** framework will help researchers make informed and data-driven decisions about which behaviors to pool or separate,prior to using the data in subsequent multilayer network analyses.

关键词： behavioral interactions monk parakeet myiopsitta monachus network analysis social context social relationships

Organ assessment and repair centers: The future of transplantation is near

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World Journal of Transplantation 2014年第2期4卷 40-42页

作者： bryan A Whitson Sylvester m Black Division of Cardiac Surgery The Collaboration for Organ PerfusionProtectionEngineering and Regeneration (COPPER) LaboratoryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States Division of Transplantation The Collaboration for Organ PerfusionProtectionEngineering and Regeneration (COPPER) LaboratoryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

Solid organ transplantation is limited by suitable donor organ availability and the geographic limitations that lead to prolonged ischemic times. Ex vivo organ perfusion is an evolving technology that enables assessment of organ function prior to transplantation. As a byproduct, overall out of body organ times are able to be extended. The future implications organ assessment and repair centers utilizing this technology are discussed.

关键词： Organ transplantation Ex vivo organ perfusion Lung Liver Kidney Heart

在2004年CeBIT展会上的多任务监视器

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现代显示 2004年第5期 4-8页

作者： michelle barnes bryan Norris 程鸿飞 <信息显示>杂志编辑部北京清华液晶技术工程研究中心

当IT和声音-视觉产业融合时,LCD监视器现在正式成为多功能了。本文介绍在2000年CeBIT展会上展出的监视器。

关键词： CeBIT展展会产业融合 LCD监视器视觉声音多任务多功能

Rearing Velocity Impacts on Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) Growth, Condition, and Survival

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 244-252页

作者： Timothy m. Parker michael E. barnes South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks Spearfish McNenny State Fish Hatchery South Dakota USA

Juvenile landlocked Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (mean ± SD initial weight 2.6 ± 0.7 g, fork length 6.3 ± 0.5) were reared in three different water velocities [0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 body length/s (BL/s)] for four weeks to determine possible effects of water velocity on growth, condition, and survival. Fish were sampled for weight, fork length, condition factor, hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and fin erosion after four weeks of feeding to satiation. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were handled and transported to simulate stocking, with survival observed over the following 10 d. Following four weeks of feeding, fish reared in 0.5 and 1.5 BL/s had the same growth and food conversion ratio, but fish reared at 3.0 BL/s had a significant reduction in both metrics. Furthermore, fish reared at 1.5 BL/s had a significantly higher condition factor than fish reared in other treatments. No significant differences were found for HSI, VSI, fin erosion, or survival. The results from this study indicate that a moderate velocity (1.5 BL/s), which is necessary for circular tanks to be self-cleaning, is not detrimental to fish growth or condition, but a faster water velocity (3.0 BL/s) negatively affects fish growth and food utilization.

关键词： Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Velocity Circular Tanks

Surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 for photocatalytic CO_(2) conversion with high selectivity over CH_(4) formation at the solid–gas interface

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 182-196页

作者： Chaitanya B.Hiragond Sohag Biswas Niket SPowar Junho Lee Eunhee Gong Hwapyong Kim Hong Soo Kim Jin-Woo Jung Chang-Hee Cho bryan m.Wong Su-Il In Department of Energy Science&Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Chemical&Environmental Engineering Materials Science&Engineering ProgramDepartment of ChemistryDepartment of Physics&AstronomyUniversity of California-RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA Department of Physics and Chemistry Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea NiceScience Corporation DaeguRepublic of Korea

Systematic optimization of the photocatalyst and investigation of the role of each component is important to maximizing catalytic activity and comprehending the photocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) reduction to solar fuels.A surface-modified Ag@Ru-P25 photocatalyst with H_(2)O_(2) treatment was designed in this study to convert CO_(2) and H_(2)O vapor into highly selective *** doping followed by Ag nanoparticles(NPs)cocatalyst deposition on P25(TiO_(2))enhances visible light absorption and charge separation,whereas H_(2)O_(2) treatment modifies the surface of the photocatalyst with hydroxyl(–OH)groups and promotes CO_(2) ***-resonance transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,X-ray absorption near-edge structure,and extended X-ray absorption fine structure techniques were used to analyze the surface and chemical composition of the photocatalyst,while thermogravimetric analysis,CO_(2) adsorption isotherm,and temperature programmed desorption study were performed to examine the significance of H_(2)O_(2) treatment in increasing CO_(2) reduction *** optimized Ag1.0@Ru1.0-P25 photocatalyst performed excellent CO_(2) reduction activity into CO,CH4,and C2H6 with a~95%selectivity of CH4,where the activity was~135 times higher than that of pristine TiO_(2)(P25).For the first time,this work explored the effect of H_(2)O_(2) treatment on the photocatalyst that dramatically increases CO_(2) reduction activity.

关键词： gas-phase CO_(2) reduction H_(2)O_(2) treatment plasmonic nanoparticles solar fuel photocatalyst surface modification