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The role of airborne particles and environmental considerations in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Geoscience frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 1-16页

作者： Longyi Shao Shuoyi Ge Tim Jones M.Santosh Luis f.O.Silva Yaxin Cao Marcos L.S.Oliveira Mengyuan Zhang Kelly bérubé State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF103YEUK School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66080002 BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura Universidad de LimaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600-Santiago deSurco 1503Peru School of biosciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiff CF103AXWalesUK

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is highly *** recent spread of this virus has caused a global ***,the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are being established,especially the role of environmental *** we review the environmental transmission routes and persistence of *** studies have established that the transmission of this virus may occur,amongst others,in the air,water,soil,cold-chain,biota,and surface *** has also been found that the survival potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is dependent on different environmental conditions and *** important pathways include aerosol and fecal *** matter may also be a carrier for *** microscopic particles can be easily absorbed by humans,more attention must be focused on the dissemination of these *** considerations are required to evolve a theoretical platform for epidemic control and to minimize the global threat from future epidemics.

关键词： Aerosol Airborne particles COVID-19 Environmental media SARS-CoV-2

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Influence of Atomization Parameters in the Obtention of Mango Pulp Powder

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Journal of food Science and Engineering 2013年第7期3卷 357-362页

作者： Erica Mil6 de freitas felipe Rocha Luis Gomes de Moura Neto Sueli Rodrigues Marcos Rodrigues AmorimAfonso Jos6 Maria Correia da costa3 federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) Fortaleza Cear6 60.356-000 Brazil federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Pernambuco (IFPE) Fortaleza Ceard 60.356-000 Brazil federal University of Cear6 (UfC) Department of Food Technology Bloco 858-Campus do Pici Av. Mister Hull FortalezaCeardt 60.356-000 Brazil

Mango is a widely cultivated and consumed fruit in brazil and one of the most important alternatives to take advantage of the production excess is dehydration. Therefore, this work aims at establishing better operational conditions for ＂spray-drying＂ processes, in order to obtain the powder of mango pulp by means of a rotational central compounded planning, and also at carrying out the physicochemical characterization of both the integral mango pulp and the powder obtained from the operational conditions mentioned above. both integral mango pulp and powder were analyzed as for the following physicochemical characteristics： humidity, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids （~brix）, vitamin C and color--through parameters L＊, a＊, b＊ and h0, Chrome （C＊） and color difference （AEL＊a＊b＊）. The experimental planning used presented significant differences at 5% of probability, showing that the model was adjusted to the data in accordance to f test, thus being possible to determine the best process conditions. In addition, the average results of the physicochemical parameters pointed out that the pulp used was in accordance with the patterns established by the quality and identity patterns for mango pulp. Moreover, it showed that the powder obtained had good physicochemical quality.

关键词： Mango spray-dryer concentration of maltodextrin paste feeding speed hot air output.

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Evaluation of Nevirapine Release Kinetics from Polycaprolactone Hybrids

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2016年第11期7卷 680-701页

作者： Mariana S. S. b. Monteiro Jackeline Lunz Pedro J. Sebastião Maria Inês bruno Tavares faculdade de farmácia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Ciências da Saúde Bloco L Cidade Universitária Ilha do Fund&atilde o Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloísa Mano Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Centro de Tecnologia Bloco J Cidade Universitária Ilha do Fund&atilde o Rio de Janeiro Brazil Departamento de física Instituto Superior Técnico Technical University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

The Nevirapine (NVP)/Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Nanoparticles hybrids systems have been developed as a potential platform for drug delivery, by solvent cast, as thin films. NVP, an antiretroviral drug, was included within PCL matrix containing three types of nanoparticles: an organoclay layered silicate Viscogel S7®(3% w/w), hydrophilic silica oxide particles Aerosil®A20 (0.25% w/w) and titanium dioxide particles (0.25% w/w). These systems were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (fTIR), low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), in-vitro dissolution testing and drug release mechanism kinetics. The PCL crystallization was affected by NVP incorporation, modifying its semi-crystalline structure to a less ordered structure. When nanoparticles and NVP were added, the Tb>1b>H values increased, for PCL, PCL/S7, PCL/ SiOb>2b> and PCL/TiOb>2b> hybrids, suggesting that its addition produced a new material, with less molecular mobility, due to the new intermolecular interactions formation. It can consider a structure formation among the PCL chains, nanoparticles and NVP, with strong forces in the PCL/SiOb>2b>/NVP system. The amount of NVP included was around 1.5 ± 0.03 mg/cm2. In the in-vitro dissolution test, the PCL/SiOb>2b>/NVP system released the smallest amount of drug and this result could be attributed to the strong intermolecular interaction between the drug and the PCL/SiOb>2b> system. Higuchi’s model was the mathematical model chosen to treat the release data, since this model presented the highest coefficient correlation (r) value. The drug release probably occur by diffusion through the matrix pores, thus, these materials are suitable for sustained release of NVP.

关键词： Polycaprolactone Nevirapine Hybrids Modified Release

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Geochemical,mineralogical,and petrological characteristics of the Cretaceous coal from the middle benue Trough basin,Nigeria:Implication for coal depositional environments

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第3期3卷 300-313页

作者： Segun A.Akinyemi James C.Hower Henry Y.Madukwe bemgba b.Nyakuma Mohammed b.Nasirudeen Timileyin A.Olanipekun Rabelani Mudzielwana Mugera W.Gitari Luis f.O.Silva Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceEkiti State UniversityP.M.B 5363Ado EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Energy Environmental and Nanosciences GroupDepartment of GeologyEkiti State UniversityP.M.B 5363Ado-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria University of Kentucky Centre for Applied Energy Research2540 ResearchPark DriveLexingtonKY40511USA Department of Earth&Environmental Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesBenue State UniversityP.M.B.102119MakurdiBenue StateNigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceFederal University of LafiaP.M.B.146LafiaNasarawa StateNigeria Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences Albert Ludwigs Universitat FreiburgAlbert Straße 23-B79104Freiburg breisgau Germany Department of Ecology and Resources Management University of VendaPrivate BagX5050Thohoyandou0950LimpopoSouth Africa Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia

The benue Trough basin (bTb) of Nigeria is geologically and geo-morphologically subdivided into upper,middle, and lower segments. The bTb is the subject of geological research due to its rich coal depositsthat have the potential for oil and gas. The purpose of the present study is to examine the origins,depositional environments, and thermal history of the selected coals and the processes that influencetheir quality. Coal samples from different open cast coal mines in the middle bTb were examined usingproximate and ultimate, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray fluorescence (XRf), laser ablation induced coupledplasma (LA-ICPMS), and petrographical analyses. The coal samples contained mainly quartz, kaolinite,and organic carbon. The XRD spectra peaks revealed the triclinic and monoclinic structure of kaolin. TheSiO2/Al2O3 ratios confirmed the dominance of quartz and kaolinite. The Ni/Co versus V/Cr, Cu/Zn, and V/Mo values in the studied coals suggest oxic depositional environments, whereas the V/(Ni þ V) and V/(V þ Cr) values indicate oxic to suboxic conditions. The Ce/Ce* values are slightly below 1, which indicates a suboxic depositional environment. Maceral texture is indicative of transformations from subbituminous to high volatile C or b bituminous coal. The maceral components and mineral matter(10%) of the studied coals imply deposition in the planar margin mire, and a river system of planarmargin mire environments, respectively. The high gelification index (GI) and tissue preservation index(TPI) values indicate peat accumulation developed within a wet forest swamp. The ternary diagram ofthe maceral component suggests deposition in a wet moor environment with intermittent moderate tohigh flooding episodes. The studied coals are sub-hydrous vitrinite inferring hydrogen-poor and thermally immature characteristics. The low V and Ni contents, low H/C and high O/C, indicate Type IIIterrestrial organic matter with the potential to generate gaseous hydrocarbons. The investi

关键词： Coal Maceral Trace elements Mineralogy Depositional environments

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Physical and chemical changes of rapeseed meal proteins during toasting and their effects on in vitro digestibility

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 417-427页

作者： Sergio Salazar-Villanea Erik M.A.M.bruininx Harry Gruppen Wouter H.Hendriks Patrick Carré Alain Quinsac Antonius f.b.van der Poel Wageningen Livestock Research P.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Agfifirm Innovation Center Royal Dutch Agrifirm GroupP.O.Box 200187302 HA ApeldoornThe Netherlands Laboratory of food Chemistry Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands CREOL/OLEAD 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance Terres Inovia 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance

background： Toasting during the production of rapeseed meal（RSM） decreases ileal crude protein（CP） and amino acid（AA） digestibility. The mechanisms that determine the decrease in digestibility have not been fully elucidated. A high protein quality, low-denatured, RSM was produced and toasted up to 120 min, with samples taken every 20 min. The aim of this study was to characterize secondary structure and chemical changes of proteins and glucosinolates occurring during toasting of RSM and the effects on its in vitro CP ***： The decrease in protein solubility and the increase of intermolecular β-sheets with increasing toasting time were indications of protein aggregation. The contents of NDf and ADIN increased with increasing toasting *** of arginine, lysine and O-methylisourea reactive lysine（OMIU-RL） linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, with a larger decrease of OMIU-RL than lysine. first-order reactions calculated from the measured parameters show that glucosinolates were degraded faster than lysine, OMIU-RL and arginine and that physical changes to proteins seem to occur before chemical changes during toasting. Despite the drastic physical and chemical changes noticed on the proteins, the coefficient of in vitro CP digestibility ranged from 0.776 to 0.750 and there were no effects on the extent of protein hydrolysis after 120 min. In contrast, the rate of protein hydrolysis linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, which was largely correlated to the decrease in protein solubility, lysine and OMIU-RL observed. Rate of protein hydrolysis was more than 2-fold higher for the untoasted RSM compared to the 120 min toasted ***： Increasing the toasting time for the production of RSM causes physical and chemical changes to the proteins that decrease the rate of protein hydrolysis. The observed decrease in the rate of protein hydrolysis could impact protein digestion and utilization.

关键词： Hydrolysis rate In vitro protein digestibility Rapeseed meal Reactive lysine Secondary structure

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