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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： paulo mEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de cASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRAcIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas cARVALHO programa de pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil programa de pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil programa de pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAm) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y cambio Global(cIBc-UAm) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef cattle Nutrition on carcass characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor L. molosse Guilherme L. Deolindo Rafael V. p. Lago bruna Klein claiton A. Zotti marcelo Vedovato marcylene V. da Silveira priscila m. copetti maria R. c. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero Eliana L. Fiorentin Aleksandro S. da Silva Universidade do Estado de Santa catarina (UDESc) Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean Lee Research and Extension center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GpS) and grape pomace bran (GpB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GpS group had a higher pH than the control. The GpS and GpB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GpS and GpB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GpS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GpB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GpS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GpS and GpB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GpS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GpS and GpB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grape meat Quality microbiology Residue

performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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chinese physics c 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya c. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal c. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.p.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert p. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov c. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi c. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen c.A. Allendes Flores p.p. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso c. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Amaral coutinho A. Ambler c. Amelung m. Amerl c.G. Ames D. Amidei S.p. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev c. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi c. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella c. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val c. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atmani p.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea p. Bagnaia m. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.m. Baldin p. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m-S. Barisits T. Barklow p. Baron D.A. Baron mo The ATLAS collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron collider,as Standard model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

melt Extrusion of Environmentally Friendly poly(L-lactic acid)/Sodium metabisulfite Films for Antimicrobial packaging Applications

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Journal of Renewable materials 2021年第2期9卷 337-349页

作者： Norma m.p.machado Gustavo c.melo matheus F.camargo Giulianna G.Feijó bruna m.S.putton clarice Steffens Rogerio L.cansian Luiz A.pessan Francys K.V.moreira Department of materials Engineering Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosBrazil Department of Food Engineering Regional Integrated University of High Uruguay and Missions(URI)ErechimBrazil

Food packaging materials compounded with antimicrobial additives can substantially diminish the incidence of foodborne ***,poly(L-lactic acid)(pLA)films containing sodium metabisulfite(Nam)were produced by melt extrusion as an attempt to develop a new biodegradable material with antimicrobial properties for *** cycle assessment(LcA)simulations revealed that the environmental footprints of the pLA film did not change upon Nam addition,and that Nam is more eco-friendly than silver *** pLA/Nam films with Nam content varying from 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry(DSc),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and optical and mechanical properties *** optical properties were sustained after the addition of Nam,but high Nam contents degraded the light transparence of the pLA matrix at some *** thermal stability and tensile properties of the pLA film decreased proportionally to the Nam content,while no changes were observed on Tg,Tm and Xc,as determined by *** diffusion tests revealed that the pLA/Nam films had no antimicrobial activity on Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 35°c,which was related to the limited migration of Nam from the glassy pLA *** biodegradable pLA films compounded with Nam through melt extrusion display adequate optical,thermal,and mechanical properties to cover most food packaging applications,representing an essential step toward the development of eco-friendly packaging materials that can potentially exhibit an antimicrobially active surface.

关键词： Biobased packaging antimicrobial activity life cycle assessment

Use of caffeine for the Evaluation of the Anthropic Influence over the Upper and middle Iguaçu River Basins

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Journal of Water Resource and protection 2022年第3期14卷 273-291页

作者： bruna Scipioni márcia cristiane Kravetz Andrade Luis Otávio miranda peixoto Alinne mizukawa Tais cristina Filippe Júlio césar Rodrigues De Azevedo programa de pós-Gradua&ccedil ã o em Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brasil Universidade Tecnológica Federal do paraná Curitiba Brasil

many parameters are usually used as gauges to describe water quality worldwide, such as the concentrations of phosphorus, forms of nitrogen, dissolved oxygen (DO), among others. Though legislative limits for the concentrations of these substances are in place, such is not the case for caffeine. caffeine is a pharmacologically active alkaloid, from the xanthine group, which can be used as a chemical tracer for anthropic influence over water resources. The objective of this study was to analyze the pollution indicators over the Igua?u River, one of the main rivers in Southern Brazil, through the examination of nutrients, DO and their correlations to caffeine. The water samples were collected from 10 sampling sites along the river course, unevenly spaced to better represent the different environmental scenarios present in its basin, extracted from 2014 to 2017. caffeine was detected and quantified through high-efficiency liquid state chromatography. Results show that both nutrient and caffeine concentrations increased in intensely urbanized areas, specially from IG2 to IG5 sampling sites. Downstream from IG6 the contaminant concentrations decreased mainly due to higher river flows and lower population density. caffeine was detected in 82% of the samples, indicating that most of the sampling sites were under anthropic influence.

关键词： Water Resources Water Quality caffeine Urban Areas

Fluid dynamics performance of phase change material particles in a Wurster spout–fluid bed

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particuology 2019年第1期17卷 163-175页

作者： Rui correia bruna Barbon paulob Ana Silvia pratab Almerindo D. Ferreira ADAI-LAETA Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra3030-78& CoimbraPortugal Department of Food Engineering School of Food EngineeringStare University of Campinas80 Monteiro Lobato Street13083-862CampinasBrazil

Spout–fluid-bed coating of solid–lipid materials, including some phase change materials (pcms), is a rarely used approach because of the probability of a phase change during the process. However, if mastered, this process could enable the commercialization of high-load pcm particles to develop new materials. An understanding of the thermal and fluid dynamics profiles inside a reactor can be used to establish optimized coating conditions, to avoid premature pcm melting and to maximize the drying rate. This research studies, through computational simulation, the behavior of particles and the experimental thermal profile inside a Wurster spout–fluid bed. A simplified model approach of momentum was simulated using OpenFOAm and carnauba wax particles as a pcm material. The simulation showed that appropriate flow conditions inside the Wurster tube must vary between 200 and 300 m3/h to ensure a better particle coating. The measured experimental thermal profile was uniform in the reactor and it was 5–10 °c lower than the set temperature. Thus, a maximum airflow at 70 °c that was used in the equipment is considered suitable for the further coating of pcm particles. The methodology proved useful for the preliminary identification of flow and temperature conditions in the spout–fluid process.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics OpenFOAm Simulation carnauba wax

Association between Infrared Thermography, Blood count and creatine Kinase in the Evaluation of the Welfare of Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2023年第6期13卷 53-67页

作者： carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro cruz césar Fabiano Vilela clarisse Simões coelho José Dantas Ribeiro Filho Helena Emília cavalcanti da costa cordeiro manso Hélio cordeiro manso Filho Núcleo de pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil médico Veterinário privado Americana Brazil Faculdade de medicina Veterinária Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisboa Portugal Departamento de medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

The Quarter-Horses regularly participate in non-traditional sports that simulate activities on cattle ranches. In the vaquejada races, the horses run at about 30 km/h, reaching maximum heart rates of around 200 bpm, indicating the great physical effort during competitions and with that could impact welfare. To test the hypothesis that vaquejada horses can be evaluated for the quality of welfare through a combination of non-invasive and invasive methods, an experiment was developed that aimed to assess the quality of welfare through thermography and blood biomarkers before and after vaquejada races. Ten vaquejada horses, which were in regular competition, were submitted to the vaquejadas racing test were used. Thermography was performed in 14 regions of interest (head, neck and thorax) in the following phases: pre-race and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Blood samples were collected in pre-race, immediately after and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with p set at 5%. Thermography showed that local temperatures before the race and +24 hours after the races were similar (p > 0.05), as well as between +1 and +4 hours after the races (p > 0.05), which showed higher surface temperatures than the first group (pre-race and +24 hours) (p 0.05) after the exercises. In conclusion, the vaquejada horses evaluated by infrared thermography and blood analyses maintained the quality of well-being, with the physiological elevation of several parameters after the races and recovery in less than 24 hours after the races. Thermographic images were also able to help in the analysis of the regions of interest that have contact with harnesses, demonstrating that the use of adequate and correct equipment does not compromise animal welfare.

关键词： Exercise Equine cK Hematology Equestrian Sports Well-Being

Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Assessing the Quality of Welfare of conditioned Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2023年第8期13卷 147-159页

作者： Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro cruz césar Fabiano Vilela Joana de Sousa Araújo Simões clarisse Simões coelho José Dantas Ribeiro Filho Helena Emília cavalcanti da costa cordeiro manso Helio cordeiro manso Filho Núcleo de pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil médico Veterinário privado Americana Brazil Equine Academic Division Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lusofona University (ULusofona) Lisbon Portugal cIISA-centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development Universidade de évora évora Portugal Departamento de medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.

关键词： Horse Races Welfare Hormones cortisol Interleukins Iron

Detailing the Structure of Liquid THF Based on an EpSR Study

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computational chemistry 2015年第1期3卷 1-7页

作者： Alexandre Borges Joao m.m.cordeiro Department of physics and chemistry Sao Paulo State UniversityIlha SolteiraBrazil

The structure of pure liquid tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been investigated via monte carlo simulations in the wake of a previous Empirical potential Structure Refinement (EpSR) study on that liquid (Bowron, D.T.;Finney, J.L.;Soper, A.K. (2006) J. Am. chem. Soc., 128, 5119). The molecules are allatoms rigid structures and the intermolecular potential used is described for the classical 6-12 Lennard-Jones plus coulomb in the NpT ensemble at 1 atm and 25°c. THF is a poorly structured liquid. Typical preferred orientation of molecules has been explored and calculations shown different types of molecular pairs exist concurrently in the liquid. The geometry of those pairs was deeply investigated and its influence in the liquid structure discussed. The lack of molecular organization in the liquid is closely related to the existence of that diversity of molecular pairs. Its geometry changes from antiparallel up to T-like depending on the distance between the molecules in the pairs.

关键词： monte carlo Simulations Tetrahydrofuran Liquid Structure