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作者： Russell J. Molyneux Noreen Mahoney Jong H. Kim bruce c. campbell Western Regional Research center Agricultural Research Service/USDA 800 Buchanan Street Berkeley california 94710 USA. Western Regional Research center Agricultural Research Service/USDA 800 Buchanan Street Berkeley california 94710 USA. Western Regional Research center Agricultural Research Service/USDA 800 Buchanan Street Berkeley california 94710 USA. Western Regional Research center Agricultural Research Service/USDA 800 Buchanan Street Berkeley california 94710 USA.

Agricultural crops, especially corn, cotton, peanuts and treenuts, may be infected by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, resulting in contamination by aflatoxins which can present a risk of hepatocarcinogenicity to humans. All tree nuts are subject to contamination but walnuts are exceptionally resistant to aflatoxigenesis. We have investigated the compounds naturally present in the walnuts that are responsible for the inhibition of aflatoxin *** resistance factor(s) are restricted to the seed coat (pellicle) and are not present in the kernel. chemical analysis of the seed coat has established that the inhibitory activity resides in a complex of hydrolysable tannins common to all walnut cultivars. In vitro experiments showed that tannin from the cultivar 'Tulare' completely suppressed growth of A. flavus at a concentration of 0.5% in the media, with no aflatoxin formed. The extracellular tannase present in A. flavus produces gallic acid and ellagic acid by hydrolysis of the tannin. In vitro time-course experiments with Vogel's medium N (VMN) showed that gallic acid completely inhibited aflatoxin production whereas ellagic acid was essentially *** of walnut seed coat tissue with anhydrous methanolic Hc1 yields methyl gallate and ellagic acid, the levels of which can be measured by reverse phase HPLc. Gallic acid levels in seed coat of 'Tulare' and the variety 'chico', which is susceptible to aflatoxin formation, were determined on a biweekly basis throughout the growing season during 2002 and 2003. Levels in 'Tulare' were significantly higher, and were maintained throughout the growing season, whereas those in 'chico' declined steadily as the nuts matured. At maturity, 'Tulare' had a gallic acid content of 3.3% (dry weight basis) while the level in 'chico' was only 1.4%. Pistachio seed coat had 0.5% gallic acid, but almond varieties only had trace levels (coats tested so far, inhibition of aflatox

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飞行模拟的虚象显示

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航空精密制造技术 1977年第2期 51-62页

作者： bruce c.Ganzler 嵇钧生 NASA Ames研究中心

利用简单的未经校正的塑料透镜给出飞行模拟器中飞行景象的虚象。虚象显示给模拟器驾驶员以真实的印象,因为象似乎离开模拟器一个实在的距离。好多飞行员在飞行模拟器中作了着陆和起飞试验,以客观地评价虚象显示。这种显示包括斯密特彩... 详细信息

利用简单的未经校正的塑料透镜给出飞行模拟器中飞行景象的虚象。虚象显示给模拟器驾驶员以真实的印象,因为象似乎离开模拟器一个实在的距离。好多飞行员在飞行模拟器中作了着陆和起飞试验,以客观地评价虚象显示。这种显示包括斯密特彩色投影器,后投影屏和一个大直径长焦距的平凸塑料透镜。还评述了另一种利用一个彩色电视监视器和两个平凸塑料透镜的虚象显示,但没有正式飞行员的评论。对各种透镜参数进行了研究以决定它们对飞行景象的影响。结论是:在某些条件下,简单的透镜是可以使用的,以利用斯密特投影系统或电视监视器得到有用的飞行景象的虚象模拟。

关键词：透镜系统飞行模拟飞行仿真焦距视场角虚象电视监视器枕形畸变针插形畸变飞行员飞行人员物距角放大率

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Thinking in c++ 2nd ed.

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丛书名：经典原版书库

2002年

作者： Eckel bruce.

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Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第42期17卷 4682-4688页

作者： Dana L Bruden Michael G bruce Karen M Miernyk Julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan J Parkinson Brian J McMahon Arctic Investigations Program Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging Zoonoses and Infectious DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Alaska Native Tribal Health consortium Anchorage

AIM： TO evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasive tests in a population of Alaska Native persons. High rates of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylon] infection, H. pyIori treatment failure, and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status at multiple time points over a patient＇s *** test, 13c urea breath test （UBT）, and immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13c-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori test by culture or, in case of a negative culture result, by positive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS： The sensitivity and specificity of the 13c- UBT were 93% and 88%, respectively, relative to the gold standard. The antibody test had an equivalent sensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%. The false positive results for the antibody test were associated with previous treatment for an H. pylorlinfection [relative risk （RR） = 2.8]. High levels of antibodies to H. py/or/were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender, while high scores in the 13c-UBT test were associated with older age and with theH. pylori bacteria load on histological examination （RR = 4.4）. cONcLUSION： The 13c-UBT outperformed the antibody test for H. pylori and could be used when a noninvasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment outcome or when monitoring for reinfection.

关键词： Urea breath test Antibody test Sensitivity Specificity

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Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency while vitamin E supplementation reduces markers of the inflammatory response in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 143-153页

作者： Jae cheol Kim bruce P. Mullan John L. Black Robert J. E. Hewitt Robert J. van Barneveld John R. Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Pork Innovation South Perth WA 6151 Australia John L Black consulting Warrimoo NSW 2774 Australia SunPork Farms Solutions Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia Barneveld Nutrition Pry Ltd Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia

Background： This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin E（Vit E） and acetylsalicylic acid（ASA）, a cyclooxygenase-2（cOX-2） inhibitor, will additively reduce the production of the immunosuppressive molecule prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2） and hence reduce inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. ***： The experiment was conducted in a research facility with 192 individually-housed male weaner pigs（Landrace × Large White） weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg（mean ± SEM）. The pigs were experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli and were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three levels of Vit E supplementation（50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl-α-tocopheryl acetate）.Results： Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improved average daily gain（P 〈 0.05） and tended to improve feed：gain ratio（P 〈 0.10） during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation also improved（P 〈 0.001） amino acid utilization efficiency（as assessed by plasma urea level） and tended to decrease（P 〈 0.10） PGE2 production in the liver without affecting smal intestinal histology and tight junction protein mR NA expression in the jejunal epithelium. Vitamin E supplementation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the plasma Vit E concentration（P 〈 0.001） and plasma haptoglobin content（P 〈 0.001） after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined supplementation of ASA and Vit E on performance, intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses of weaned ***： Although ASA and vitamin E improved amino acid utilization efficiency and reduced acute inflammatory responses, ASA and vitamin E did not additively reduce production of PGE2 and inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimental y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli.

关键词： Acetylsalicylic acid E.coli infection PGE_2 Vitamin E Weaner pigs

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Pro-catabolic effects of the mycotoxin Nivalenol in bovine articular chondrocytes

Pro-catabolic effects of the mycotoxin Nivalenol in bovine a...

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第十一届中国生物毒素研究及医药应用年会

作者： Siyuan Li Jinghong chen 曹峻岭 Emma J Blain bruce caterson Victor c Duance The Department of Anaesthesia The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases(Xi'an Jiaotong University) Ministry of Education Arthritis Research UK Biomechanics and Bioengineering centre School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffUKCF10 3AX

＜正＞Objective:Kashin-Beck Disease（KBD） is an endemic,age-related degenerative osteoarthritis and its cause is hypothesised to involve Fusarium mycotoxins,commonly associated with inappropriate storage of *** study sought to investigate the Fusarium mycotoxin Nivalenol（NIV）,widely distributed in the cereals of KBD afflicted areas,on the metabolism of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Methods:The effect of 0.1,0.2 or 0.5μg/ml NIV,on primary bovine articular chondrocyte matrix metabolism was investigated using quantitative PcR to analyse transcript levels of matrix proteins *** I and II collagen,aggrecan,matrix metalloproteinases （MMPs）,aggrecanases（ADAMTS） and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs（TMPs）.Amounts of sGAG,MMPs and TIMPs released by the chondrocytes were assessed using the Dimethylmethylene Blue assay,gelatin zymography and reverse gelatin zymography *** element organisation was analysed using immunofluorescence in conjunction with scanning laser confocal microscopy,and expression levels measured by quantitative PcR and Western blot analysis. Results:A NIV dose-dependent increase in aggrecan transcription,concomitant with sulphated glycosaminoglycan retention in the cell lysate was ***,NIV significantly increased MMPs 2,-3 and -9,ADAMTS-4 and -5,and TIMPs 2 and -3 transcript *** contrast,NIV inhibited typeⅠcollagen,MMP 1 and TMP 1 mRNA *** promoted extensive cytoskeletal network remodelling,particularly evident for vimentin where there was dose-dependent peri-nuclear aggregation. conclusion:Our studies have shown that NIV decreased matrix deposition,whilst enhancing catabolic enzyme production,suggesting its potential pro-catabolic ability in *** hypothesise that the observed reduction in matrix production may be attributed to the extensive remodelling and/or disassembly of the cytoskeletal elements in response to ***,these findings support the hypothesis that trichothecen

关键词： articular chondrocytes nivalenol extracellular matrix matrix metalloproteinases cytoskeleton Kashin-Beck Disease

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Retinoic acid signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第7期19卷 820-833页

作者： Govindarajan Thangavelu Gabriela Andrejeva Sara Bolivar-Wagers Sujeong Jin Michael c.Zaiken Michael Loschi Ethan G.Aguilar Scott N.Furlan chrysothemis c.Brown Yu-chi Lee cameron McDonald Hyman colby J.Feser Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari Keli L.Hippen Kelli P.MacDonald William J.Murphy Ivan Maillard Geoffrey R.Hill David H.Munn Robert Zeiser Leslie S.Kean Jeffrey c.Rathmell Hongbo chi Randolph J.Noelle bruce R.Blazar Department of Pediatrics Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA center for Immunobiology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville TNUSA Department of Pediatrics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Fred Hutchinson cancer Research center SeattleWAUSA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Immunology Program and Ludwig CenterSloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology.Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Norris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonUSA Department of Immunology Queensland Institute of Medical Research(QIMR)Berghofer Medical Research Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Departmentof Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCAUSA Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Georgia cancer center Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Haematology Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationFaculty of MedicineFreiburg University Medical CentreFreiburgGermany Boston children's Hospital and the Dana-Farber cancer Institute BostonMAUSA Department of Immunology St.Jude Children's ResearchHospitalMemphisTNUSA

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported that ex vivo exposure to retinoic acid(RA)enhances Treg function and ***,it is unknown how RA receptor signaling in Tregs influences these processes in ***,we employed mouse models in which RA signaling is silenced by the expression of the dominant negative receptor(DN)RARαin all T *** the fact that DNRARαconventional T cells are hypofunctional,Tregs had increased cD25 expression,STAT5 pathway activation,mTORc1 signaling and supersuppressor ***,DNRARαTregs had increased inhibitory molecule expression,amino acid transporter expression,and metabolic fitness and decreased antiapoptotic *** function was observed when wild-type mice were treated with a pharmacologic pan-RAR ***,Treg-specific expression of DNRARαresulted in distinct phenotypes,such that a single allele of DNRARαin Tregs heightened their suppressive function,and biallelic expression led to loss of suppression and *** loss of Treg function was not cell intrinsic,as Tregs that developed in a noninflammatory milieu in chimeric mice reconstituted with DNRARαand wild-type bone marrow maintained the enhanced suppressive *** mapping suggested that maintaining Treg stability in an inflammatory milieu requires RA *** findings indicate that RA signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function in inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner.

关键词： Retinoic acid Tregulatory cells Autoimmunity Metabolism mTORc1 STAT5

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Dietary stimulation of the endogenous somatotropic axis in weaner and growerfinisher pigs using medium chain triglycerides and cysteamine hydrochloride

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 405-416页

作者： David W.Miller Zoe Prosser Edward Y.W.chee christian F.Hansen Frank R.Dunshea bruce P.Mullan John R.Pluske School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Large Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGroennegaardsvej 21870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Melbourne School of Land and Environment University of MelbourneParkvilleVlC 3051Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Bentley Delivery CenterLocked Bag4BentleyWA 6983Australia

Background： Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides（McT） and cysteamine hydrochloride（cSH） into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and ***： In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % McT（n = 8） or a control diet（n = 8）. McT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone（GH; P ＆lt; 0.05） and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Additionally, the McT treatment reduced scouring（P ＆lt; 0.05）, maintained villous height in the small intestine（P ＆lt; 0.05） and stabilised daily weight gain（P ＆lt; 0.05）, compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels（0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v） of McT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight（n = 15 per treatment）. Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the McT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin（P ＆lt; 0.001）, GH（P ＆lt; 0.01） and insulin（P ＆lt; 0.05）concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the McT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments： control（n = 20）; 6 % McT（n = 21）; and 70 mg/kg cSH（n = 21）. After 3 wk of supplementation, the McT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and cSH pigs（P ＆lt; 0.05）. Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary ***： Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary McT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conversion ratio in either experiment, McT and cSH incr

关键词： Ghrelin Growth Pig Somatotropin

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