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Monitoring real time polymorphic transformation of sulfanilamide by diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2016年第3期6卷 179-183页

作者： Tracy O.Ehiwe bruce D.alexander John C.Mitchell Martin J.Snowden Laura J.Waters Medway Centre for Formulation Science Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich at Medway School of Applied Sciences University of Huddersfield

This study investigated the development of a novel approach to surface characterization of drug poly- morphism and the extension of the capabilities of this method to perform ＇real time＇ in situ measure- ments. This was achieved using diffuse reflectance visible （DRV） spectroscopy and dye deposition, using the pH sensitive dye, thymol blue （TB）. Two polymorphs, SFN-β and SFN-γ, of the drug substance sulfanilamide （SFN） were examined. The interaction of adsorbed dye with polymorphs showed different behavior, and thus reported different DRV spectra. Consideration of the acid/base properties of the morphological forms of the drug molecule provided a rationalization of the mechanism of differential coloration by indicator dyes. The kinetics of the polymorphic transformation of SFN polymorphs was monitored using treatment with TB dye and DRV spectroscopy. The thermally-induced transformation fitted a first-order solid-state kinetic model （R2=0.992）, giving a rate constant of 2.43 × 10^- 2 s 1.

关键词： Polymorphic transformation Sulfanilamide Diffuse reflectance visible spectroscopy Powder X-ray diffraction Differential scanning calorimetry

Nested Metal Catalysts:Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports

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Precision Chemistry

Precision Chemistry 2023年第1期1卷 3-13页

作者： bruce C.Gates alexander Katz Jingyue Liu Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCalifornia 95616United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Department of Physics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287United States

Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal clusters.When the metals are noble,they are typically unstablesusceptible to sinteringespecially under reducing conditions.Embedding the metals in supports such as organic polymers,metal oxides,and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to reactants.An approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on supports.The nests include zeolite pore mouths,zeolite surface cups(half-cages),raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports,clusters of non-noble metals(e.g.,hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys),and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals,isolating them from the support.These examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts,and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.

关键词： catalyst synthesis supported metal catalysts encapsulated catalysts nested catalysts atomically dispersed metal catalysts

Designation of a new genus Bathymenes for the deep-sea pontoniine shrimps of the 'Periclimenes alcocki species group'(Decapoda,Caridea,Palaemonidae),with a checklist of the species assigned to the genus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第1期34卷 170-176页

作者：寇琦李新正 alexander J.bruce Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Crustacea Section Queensland Museum

A new genus of the deep-sea pontoniine shrimps,Bathymenes gen. nov.,is established for the 'Periclimenes alcocki species group' of the genus Periclimenes Costa,1844. The new genus is distinguished from other genera of the Pontoniinae by a combination of characters: the posteriormost dorsal rostral tooth remote from other teeth,situated in the epigastric position,cornea usually reduced,the propodus of second pereiopods covered with fine granules,the dactylus of the major second chela being generally flanged,the ambulatory pereiopods with the dactyli being biunguiculate and telson with more than two pairs of dorsolateral spines. The genus is mainly distributed in the tropical to warm-temperate Indo-West Pacific waters at depths greater than 200 m. Fifteen species previously recognized as belonging to the 'P.a lcocki species group' are now placed in Bathymenes gen. nov. A key for their identification and a checklist of congeneric species are provided.

关键词：长臂虾科物种深海种群清单十足目配给太平洋海域

Genetic Testing in Professional Football:Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 49-59页

作者： alexander B.T.McAuley David C.Hughes Loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley bruce Suraci homas R.Roos Adam J.Herbert Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbastonBirmingham B153TNUK

Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing rapidly.However,the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are unknown.Thus,the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders(i.e.,coaches,practitioners,players).Methods In total,122 participants completed an online anonymous survey.This consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions,with the option of providing an explanation for each response.Results Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders(10%)or their respective organisations(14%).However,three quarters(75%)had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the future.The majority(72%)believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk,whilst 35%believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification purposes.However,most key stakeholders viewed their own(89%)and their col-leagues’(79%)knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient;mainly due to ineffective current communication methods(91%).Most believed educational workshops are required(71%),whilst nearly all(91%)were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic testing.Conclusion Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football,although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the future.As such,educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

关键词： Soccer Talent identification Athlete development Genetics

A Systematic Review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 97-115页

作者： alexander B.T.McAuley David C.Hughes Loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley bruce Suraci Thomas R.Roos Adam J.Herbert Daniel T.Jackson Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbaston B153TNUK

Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to date.Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed,SPORTDiscus,and MEDLINE databases until March 11th 2022 identi-fied 34 studies.Inclusion criteria:primary investigations,included football players,examined the association of a genetic variant with injury,and were published in English.Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.A narrative synthesis summarised results.Results There were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study,with 9642 participants across all studies(range=43–1311;median=227).Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 genes.Forty-one polymorphisms were associated with injury once.Three polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts:ACTN3(rs1815739)XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries,ACAN(rs1516797)G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries,and VEGFA(rs2010963)CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACL and ligament or tendon injuries.However,several methodological issues(e.g.,small sample sizes,cohort heterogeneity,and population stratification)are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of findings.Conclusion At present,the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is weak.Future participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

关键词： Soccer Genomics Polymorphism Snp Susceptibility

Essential Cell Biology, 2

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Changing trends in colorectal cancer: possible cause and clinical implications

2004年

作者： bruce Alberts Dennis Bray Karen Hopkin alexander Johnson Julian Lewis Martin Raff Keith Roberts Peter Walter

Includes index.

ISBN: (纸本)9780815334804;081533480X

Includes index.

关键词： Cytology.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Health 2010年第8期2卷 842-849页

作者： Mikhail Fisher Leon Fisher bruce Waxman alexander A. Fisher 不详

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine whether pattern of patients presenting with colorectal cancer (CRC) in the last few years differs significantly from that previously reported in Australia, and to relate the trends, if present, to use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS: We examined demographic and pathological characteristics of 145 consecutive CRC patients (65 females) treated in our institution in calendar years 2006-2007. Comparisons were made with data on 12536 CRC patients obtained from the Australian Association on Cancer Registries (AACR) for the year 2003, most recent available. Prescribing data for HRT were obtained from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. RESULTS: The distribution of colon, sigmoid and rectal cancers in our series was 40%, 24.8% and 35.2%, respectively, which differs significantly from 65%, 8.1% and 26.9% in the AACR data (p < 0.01). Our cohort was significantly younger (65.4 ± 12.1 vs. 69.5 ± 12.3 years), especially females (63.0 ± 12.7 vs. 70.3 ± 13.0 years;p < 0.001). The proportion of female patients aged < 55 and < 60 years was significantly higher (30.8% vs. 13.8% and 41.5% vs. 21.4%, respectively). Younger patients have more aggressive and advanced cancers. In Australia HRT use declined since 2001 and fell by a half in 2006. CONCLUSIONS: In the changing CRC pattern of greatest concern is a significantly higher proportion of younger patients, especially females, with higher prevalence of more advanced and aggressive cancers, coincident with decreased prescribing of HRT. These findings may have important implications for refining screening and preventive strategies and on demand for radiotherapy services.

关键词： Colorectal Cancer Age Gender Hormone Replacement Therapy Trends

Angiotensin Receptor Type I Blockade Inhibits Apoptosis in Meconium-Instilled Rabbit Lungs

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第5期2卷 629-637页

作者： alexander Zagariya Shan Navale bruce Uhal Olga Zagariya Dharmapuri Vidyasagar 不详

Background and objectives: In prior studies we demonstrated that meconium-induced lung cell death by apoptosis was associated with activation of the local pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (RASL). Alveolar epithelial apoptosis requires the authocrine synthesis and proteolytic processing of angiotensinogen (AGT) to Angiotensin II (ANG II). Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) block meconium-induced apoptosis. ANG II plays an essential role in vascular homeostasis and lung injury. The objectives of this study were to evaluate expression of AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 in meconium and saline treated newborn lungs and to study mechanisms of its inhibition by a selective antagonist of the AT1 receptor. Methods: Two week old rabbits were studied. Three treatment groups were studied (six rabbit pups in each group): Group 1: rabbits instilled with saline;Group 2: rabbits instilled with 10% meconium;Group 3: Losartan pretreated followed by meconium-instillation. Three groups of A549 human lung epithelial cells were studies as well. Group 4: AGT pretreated and then meconium-exposed cells;Group 5: ANG II pretreated and then meconium exposed cells and Group 6: Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk pretreated and then meconium exposed cells. AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 were evaluated and compared with and without inhibitors in meconium and control groups. Results: In Situ End Labeling (ISEL) and Caspase 3 assays showed that purified ANG II induced dose dependent apoptosis in rabbit lung lavage cells and the human A549 lung epithelial cell line. Apoptosis also was induced by purified AGT. The increase in apoptotic cells was accompanied by increases in ANG II and Caspase 3 activities. In both airway epithelium and alveolar wall cells, measures of apoptosis were attenuated by Losartan or by the Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the presence of a functional ANG II and Caspase 3 dependent apoptotic pathways in newborn meconium-instilled lungs. They also imply that meconium-induced apoptosis is modul

关键词： Meconium Lungs Apoptosis Angiotensinogen Angiotensin II Captopril

Molecular Biology of the Cell 5th ed.

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