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NON-INVAsIVE MEAsUREMENT OF DEEP TIssUE TEMPERATURE CHANGEs CAUsED BY APOPTOsIs DURING BREAsT CANCER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY:A CAsE sTUDY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2011年第4期4卷 361-372页

作者： sO HYUN CHUNG RITA MEHTA bruce J.TROMBERG A.G.YODH Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 S.33rd StPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Medicine UC Irvine Healthcare 101 The City Drive SouthOrangeCA 92868USA Beckman Laser Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine1002 Health Sciences Rd IrvineCA 92612USA

Treatment-induced apoptosis of cancer cells is one goal of cancer ***,more heat is generated by mitochondria during apoptosis,especially the uncoupled apoptotic state,^(1,2) compared to the resting *** this case study,we explore these thermal effects by longitudinally measuring temperature variations in a breast lesion of a pathological complete responder during neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).Diffuse Optical spectroscopic Imaging(DOsI)was employed to derive absolute deep tissue temperature using subtle spectral features of the water peak at 975 nm.^(3)A significant temperature increase was observed in time windows during the anthracycline and cyclophosphamide(AC)regimen but not in the paclitaxel and bevacizumab *** concentration changes generally did not follow temperature,suggesting the measured temperature increases were likely due to mitochondrial uncoupling rather than a direct vascular effect.A simultaneous increase of tissue oxygen saturation with temperature was observed,suggesting that oxidative stress also contributes to *** preliminary,this study indicates longitudinal DOsI tissue temperature monitoring provides information that can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of tissue response during NAC.

关键词： Deep tissue temperature Diffuse Optical spectroscopic Imaging apoptosis neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer Bound Water Index NIR water absorption spectrum

Assessment of the determinants that influence the adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in Techiman Municipality of Ghana

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第3期7卷 248-257页

作者： Kwasi Adjepong Darkwah Joana Deladem Kwawu Frank Agyire-Tettey Daniel bruce sarpong Department of statistics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics and Agribusiness University of GhanaGhana

This paper assesses the relationship between farmer characteristics and the degree to which nine soil and water conservation practices (sWCPs) are adopted by 300 maize farmers in Techiman Municipality,*** were surveyed for their adoption of nine sWCPs,and 24 other characteristics including demographics,socio-economic factors,risk factors and costs of *** soil and water conservation practices (sWCPs) in sub-saharan Africa such as Ghana are important because they have positive effects on yield,increase sustainability of farming,stop degradation and reduce soil *** adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in the agricultural industry of Ghana has been *** study aims to explain differences in farmer adoption of sWCPs,by assessing factors that vary with the number of different sWCPs used by ***,the Poisson model was *** results show that farmer's household size,farm size,access to credit services and formal training of maize farmer have a positive significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers while distance to nearest output market,distance to input center,access to extension services,and risk of pest and diseases have a negative significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers at 5% significance *** study concludes that any further research in Techiman Municipality on soil and water conservation practices should acknowledge the mixture of personal and demographic,institutional,socio-economic and risk *** suggests that agricultural polities formulated by the government should be aimed at supporting maize farmers to have access to extension service contact for frequent disseminating of agricultural technology information which is likely to increase the rate of adoption of soil and water conservation practices.

关键词： sustainable soil and water conservation practices Adoption Correlation Poisson regression

RECENT PROGREss IN MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICROsCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health sciences 2012年第3期5卷 41-48页

作者： JUNLE QU LIXIN LIU YONGHONG sHAO HANBEN NIU bruce Z.GAO College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceShenzhen 518060P.R.China school of Technical Physics Xidian University Xi'an 710071P.R.China Department of Bioengineering and COMsET Clemson University Clemson SC 29634USA

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM)has recently become an important tool in biomedicine for performing three-dimensional fastfluorescence *** various beamsplitting techniques,MMM splits the near-infrared laser beam into multiple beamlets and produces a multifocal array on the sample for parallel multiphoton excitation and then recordsfluorescence signal from all foci simultaneously with an area array detector,which significantly improves the imaging speed of multiphoton microscopy and allows for high efficiency in use of the excitation *** this paper,we discuss the features of several MMM setups using different beamsplitting devices,including a Nipkow spinning disk,a microlens array,a set of beamsplitting mirrors,or a diffractive optical element(DOE).In particular,we present our recent work on the development of an MMM using a spatial light modulator(sLM).

关键词： Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM) microlens array beamsplitter diffractive optical element(DOE) spatial light modulator(sLM)

Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 428-436页

作者： Yongming ZHANG Rong YAN Zhen ZOU Jiewei WANG bruce E.RITTMANN Deparlxnent of Environmental Engineering College of Life and Environmental ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287-5801USA

River waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compotmds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen （TN） removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased signifi- cantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocata- lysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD） of the river water from 53 to 84 mg. L-1 and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg.L 1 of glucose. During the photocatalysis experi- ments, the COD increased because photocatalysis trans- formed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.

关键词： dual contamination eutrophication photocatalysis remediation surface water

Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第1期30卷 156-173页

作者： Mingming Wang Yi Zhu Lirong Cheng bruce Andserson Xiaohui Zhao Dayang Wang Aizhong Ding College of Water sciences Beijing Normal University Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University

Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant-and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited ***, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of ***-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted *** so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment.

关键词： Biochar Metal contamination soil/sediment remediation Biological effect

Architectural and personal influences on neishborin8 behaviors;

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 194-201页

作者： bruce K. Fersuson Derek E. Ferguson 1027 Parkview Bird Pittsburgh PA 15217 USA Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA

Architectural and personal influences on neighboring behaviors were studied in a residential neighborhood using both qualitative informal conversations, and systematic recording of activity in the neighborhood＇s social space. This dual approach produced new insights into neighboring behaviors and social networks. It was discovered that the residents who participated in the social space were only a portion of the resident population. There was an additional neighborhood-based network whose neighboring was not conducted in the social space; instead it was maintained by direct house-to-house contact. It was also found that some individuals chose not to participate in any neighborhood social network. The social space was an effective neighboring venue for those residents who chose to use it, but did not attract commingling of groups. Contrary to an assumption in previous neighboring research, there are social groups which develop and maintain themselves without participation in a social space.

关键词： Neighborhood social network Community Residential design shared space

New microsome-associated HT-family proteins from Nicotiana respond to pollination and define an HT/NOD-24 protein family

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Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 634-644页

作者： Katsuhiko Kondo bruce McClure Department of Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Plant Group and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri MI USA

HT-family proteins have been identified in Nicotiana, solanum, and Petunia. HT-B-type proteins are implicated in s-RNase-based self-incompatibility, but the functions of other family members are unknown. screening for cDNA sequences with an expression pattern similar to HT-B in Nicotiana alata revealed a new group of small HT-family proteins, designated HT-M. HT-M proteins resemble HT-B in several respects： their pistil-specific expression pattern is indistinguishable from HT-B, they pellet with a microsome fraction, and their abundance decreases after pollination. Unlike HT-B, there is no s-specificity to this response, and RNAi experiments show that HT-M proteins are not necessary for self-incompatibility. Identification of a third group of pistil-specific HT-family proteins helps better define the characteristics of the family and allowed identification of putative new family members. By searching the databases with only the most conserved HT- family sequence elements, the signal sequence and cysteine motifs, we identified nodulin-24-1ike proteins and several small glycine-rich proteins as putative HT-family members. Like HT-M and HT-B, nodulin-24 is membrane associated. We propose that the conserved features in HT-family proteins are important for targeting or modification and refer to the broader family that includes both HT- and nodulin-24-1ike proteins as the HT/NOD-24-family.

关键词： Pollination atrolysin B Family Characteristics multiple myeloma M-proteins Protein Family Family Members Proteins Nicotiana

A sTUDY OF sTRUCTURE AND PROPERTY CHANGEs OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYGLYCOLIDE AND POLY(GLYCOLIDE-co-LACTIDE)FIBERs DURING PROCEssING AND IN VITRO DEGRADATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2003年第2期21卷 159-167页

作者： bruce X.Fu Benjamin s.Hsiao Gavin Chen Jack Zhou susan Lin Jenny Yuan Ilya Koyfman Dennis D Jamiolkowski Edward Dormier Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony BrookNY 11794-3400 USA Ethicon Worldwide A Johnson & Johnson Company P. O. Box 151 Somerville. New Jersey 08876-0151 USA

structure and properties of bioabsorbable polyglycolide (PGA) and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PGA-co-PLA)fibers were investigated during several industrial processing stages and in vitro degradation by means of wide-angle X-raydiffraction (WAXD), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical property tests. In the orientation stage, the PGAfibers were found to have higher degrees of crystallinity than corresponding PGA-co-PLA samples produced under similarconditions. In the hot-stretching and post-annealing stages, after fibers were braided, PGA samples were found to gain morecrystallinity and higher T_g than PGA-co-PLA samples. The higher crystallinity in PGA fibers resulted in a slower rate ofdegradation. DMA results showed that a great deal of internal stress that was built during orientation and hot-stretchingstages was released in the post-annealing stage for a1l PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples. During earlier stages of in vitrodegradation, both PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples exhibited the typical cleavage-induced crystallization mechanism. Theheat shrinkage in the glass transition area was found to disappear after 6-8 days of degradation for all PGA and PGA-co-PLAsamples, indicating the amorphous portions of the polymers lost orientation after a short period in the buffer solution, mostlikely due to relaxation of the cleaved chains.

关键词： Polyglycolide Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Bioabsorbable Fiber processing in vitro Degradation

stevens-Johnson syndrome complicated by obstructive uropathy,pneumothorax,and pneumomediastinum:a case report and literature review

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 125-131页

作者： Damian bruce-Hickman Xiao Jiang Joshua Jin-Ping Thia Amit Kansal Department of Intensive Care Medicine Ng Teng Fong HospitalSingaporeSingap

Background:stevens-Johnson syndrome(sJs)is an acute mucocutaneous eruption with blisters of the skin and haemorrhagic erosions of mucous *** report describes air-leak syndrome and obstructive uropathy occurring simultaneously in a teenage patient affected by *** presentation:A 17-year-old Malay female with sJs suffered from bilateral pneumothoraces,pneumomediastinum,and obstructive uropathy as early complications of her *** required intubation,chest tube insertion,and bilateral ureteric stenting as part of her intensive care *** extracutaneous complications of renal and pulmonary systems were likely secondary to widespread epithelial ***:Despite paucity of cases in adult literature,post-renal causes for acute kidney injury must be considered in sJs,especially in the setting of gross *** point-of-care ultrasonography may be a useful tool for excluding obstructive *** is a rare but documented complication of sJs in paediatric cases and,to a lesser extent,adult *** care should be exercised when caring for mechanically ventilated patients suffering from sJs.

关键词： stevens-Johnson syndrome Obstructive uropathy Ureteric stenting Pneumothorax Pneumomediastinum