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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第3期3卷 20-24页

作者： Blaine T Bafus Richard E Hughes bruce s miller James E Carpenter Department of Orthopaedic surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland OH 44115-2325 United States Department of Orthopaedic surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2200 United States

AIM: To study whether health utility scores can be derived from shoulder-specific ***: Authors investigated two questions:(1) do the American shoulder and Elbow surgeons(AsEs) score and the Constant score correlate with the EuroQo L(EQ-5D), a measure of health utility?(2) can the AsEs and Constant scores be obtained from a complete study sample without bias? Thirty subjects with various shoulder diagnoses completed AsEs, Constant, and EQ-5D instruments. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the associations between EQ-5D score and AsEs and Constant ***: The correlation between EQ-5D score and AsEs score was 0.60(P s 0.54 for EQ-5D and Constant scores(P ssion model containing AsEs score, Constant score, age, and gender failed to adequately predict EQ-5D. Moreover, 25% of patients meeting the inclusion criteria did not complete the AsEs questionnaire because they did not feel that specific questions, such as "do usual sport-list" and "throw ball overhand," applied to ***: Authors' results do not support the use of the AsEs and Constant scores in predicting EuroQ ol health utility values. However, the Constant score was more suitable for this patient population because all patients were able to complete it.

关键词： Utility EuroQoL American shoulder and Elbow surgeons score Constant score shoulder Outcomes

Performance enhancement of futuristic airplanes by nature inspired biomimetic fish scale arrays--A design approach

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Biomimetic Intelligence & Robotics 2022年第2期2卷 32-47页

作者： Ganesh Natarajan s bruce Ralphin Rose J Department of Mechanical Engineering Anna University Regional Campus TirunelveliTamilnaduIndia

Biomimetics has an immense potential to drive the next generation of technologies forward by propounding competent solutions from *** decades,the nonsmooth topography of most living creatures has been critical to their existence and *** to human-made smooth surfaces,when adapted for fluid flow applications,nonsmooth surfaces can enhance the overall aerodynamic performance by reducing the drag ***,the bioinspired scale structure of fish has been identified as a key biomimetic derivative for improving the aerodynamic efficiency in various cross-domain *** study investigates the aerodynamics of a fish scale array(FsA)NACA 0021 model at a specific Reynolds number(Re)of approximately 2.46×105 that is meant for laminar flow conditions using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)tools and a subsonic wind tunnel facility.A 3D printed biomimetic FsA film is developed and affixed on the NACA 0021 wing profile for the experimental investigation,followed by flow visualization through the smoke tunnel *** proved qualitatively under specific aerodynamic conditions,the creation of velocity streaks has a major role in the drag reduction *** obtain a clear perspective of flow across the overlapping fish scale structures,the results are focused on the central and overlapping regions of the FsA *** experiment has proved the existence of a combined formation of low and high velocity streaks in central and overlapping *** FsA 0021 model showed a maximum drag reduction of 9.57%,which was attributed to the streak formation phenomenon observed in the overlapping FsA configuration.

关键词： Biomimetics Aerodynamics Fish scale arrays Drag reduction Bioinspired design

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.sMITH saeed MIRAMINI bruce s.GARDINER Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of Melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap sizesistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

Biology Past and Biology Future:Where have we been and where are we going?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第25期8卷 2309-2316页

作者： bruce Alberts Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics the University of California San Francisco

bruce Alberts, a prominent biochemist with a strong commitment to the improvement of science and mathematics education, serves as Editor-in-Chief of science and as one of President Obama＇s first three science Envoys. Alberts is also Professor Emeritus in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of California, san Francisco, to which he returned after serving two six-year terms as the president of the National Academy of sciences （NAs）.

关键词： Biology Past and Biology Future

Two different mathematical schemes for solving chemical dissolution-front instability problems in fluid-saturated rocks

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science China(Technological sciences) 2022年第1期65卷 147-156页

作者： ZHAO ChongBin HOBBs bruce ORD Alison Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of Earth and Environment The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia

Chemical dissolution-front instability(CDFI)problems usually involve multiple temporal and spatial scales,as well as multiple processes.A key issue associated with solving a CDFI problem in a fluid-saturated rock is to mathematically establish a theoretical criterion,which can be used to judge the instability of a chemical dissolution-front(CDF)propagating in the fluidsaturated *** theoretical paper deals with how two different mathematical schemes can be used to precisely establish such a theoretical criterion in a purely mathematical manner,rather than in a numerical simulation *** main distinguishment between these two different mathematical schemes is that in the first mathematical scheme,a curved surface coordinate system is used,while in the second mathematical scheme,a planar surface coordinate system is *** particular,all the key mathematical deduction steps associated with using these two different mathematical schemes are described and discussed in great *** main theoretical outcomes of this study have demonstrated that(1)two different mathematical schemes under consideration can produce exactly the same theoretical criterion;(2)the main advantage of using the first mathematical scheme is that the interface conditions at the curved interface between the downstream and upstream regions can be easily described mathematically;(3)the main advantage of using the second mathematical scheme is that the first-order perturbation equations of the CDFI problem can be easily described in a purely mathematical manner.

关键词： chemical dissolution theoretical analysis mathematical scheme front instability fluid-saturated rocks

Connecting muon anomalous magnetic moment and multi-lepton anomalies at LHC

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第6期44卷 26-33页

作者： Danielle sabatta Alan s.Cornell Ashok Goyal Mukesh Kumar bruce Mellado Xifeng Ruan school of Physics and Institute for Collider Particle Physics University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgWits 2050South Africa Department of Physics University of JohannesburgP.O.Box 524Auckland Park 2006South Africa iThemba LABs National Research FoundationP.O.Box 722Somerset West 7129South Africa

In a previous paper by several of the authors a number of predictions were made in a study pertaining to the anomalous production of multiple leptons at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). Discrepancies in multi-lepton final states have become statistically compelling with the available Run 2 data. These could be connected with a heavy boson, H, which predominantly decays into a standard model Higgs boson, h, and a singlet scalar, s, where mH≈270 GeV and ms≈150 GeV. These can then be embedded into a scenario where a two-Higgs-doublet is considered with an additional singlet scalar, 2HDM+s. The long-standing discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment,△aμ, is interpreted in the context of the 2HDM+s type-II and type-X, along with additional fermionic degrees of freedom. The 2 HDM+s model alone, with constraints from the LHC data, does not seem to explain the △aμ ***, adding fermions with mass of order O(100) GeV can explain the discrepancy for sufficiently low values of fermion-scalar couplings.

关键词： muon g-2 beyond standard model 2HDM+s

Transient-state instability analysis of dissolution-timescale reactive infiltration in fluid-saturated porous rocks: Purely mathematical approach

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science China(Technological sciences) 2020年第2期63卷 319-328页

This paper deals with how the purely mathematical approach can be used to solve transient-state instability problems of dissolution-timescale reactive infiltration(DTRI) in fluid-saturated porous rocks. Three key steps involved in such an approach are:(1) to mathematically derive an analytical solution(known as the base solution or conventional solution) for a quasi-steady state problem of the dissolution timescale, which is viewed as a frozen state of the original transient-state instability problem;(2)to mathematically deduce a group of first-order perturbation partial-differential equations(PDEs) for the quasi-steady state problem;(3) to mathematically derive an analytical solution(known as the perturbation solution or unconventional solution) for this group of first-order perturbation PDEs. Because of difficulty in mathematically solving a transient-state instability problem of DTRI in general cases, only a special case, in which some nonlinear coupling between governing PDEs of the problem can be decoupled, is considered to illustrate these three key steps in this study. The related theoretical results demonstrated that the transient chemical dissolution front can become unstable in the DTRI system of large Zh numbers when the long wavelength perturbations are applied to the system. This new finding may lay the theoretical foundation for developing innovative technique to exploit shale gas resources in the deep Earth.

关键词： mathematical study dissolution timescale reactive infiltration instability chemical dissolution perturbation solution porous rocks

Near-field performance of chemical dissolution-front instability around a circular acid-injection-well in fluid-saturated porous media

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science China(Technological sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 2025-2035页

作者： ZHAO ChongBin HOBBs bruce ORD Alison Computational Geosciences Research Centre Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring Ministry of EducationCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of Earth and Environment University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia

This paper investigates the near-field performance of chemical dissolution-front instability(CDFI) around a circular acidinjection-well in fluid-saturated porous media(FsPM) through using purely mathematical *** the mathematical governing equations of the CDFI problem involving radially divergent flow are briefly described,both analytical base solutions and perturbation solutions for the considered problem are mathematically *** analytical solutions lead to the theoretical expression of the perturbation induced dimensionless growth-rate and the following two new *** first new finding is that the critical Peclet number of a chemical dissolution system(CDs) associated with radially divergent flow in FsPM is not only a function of the permeability ratio between the undissolved and dissolved regions as well as the dimensionless wavenumber,but also a function of the circular chemical dissolution-front location relative to the circular acid-injection-well in *** second new finding is that as the direct result of considering a nonzero radius of the circular acid-injection-well,there exits a critical closeness number,which may be used to assess where the circular chemical dissolution-front starts becoming unstable in the CDs associated with radially divergent *** on these two new findings,a theoretical criterion of two parts has been *** first part of the established theoretical criterion answers the scientific question when a circular chemical dissolution-front can become unstable,while the second part of the established theoretical criterion answers the scientific question where a circular chemical dissolution-front can become *** applying the established theoretical criterion,a long-term existing mystery why the wormhole pattern of fractal nature and the compact pattern of fingering nature are formed at different locations away from the circular acid-injection-well circumference in fluid-saturated carbo

关键词： near-field performance circular injection well radially divergent flow analytical solutions dissolution-front instability porous media

A new perspective on quiet sun magnetism

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第11期52卷 1660-1664页

作者： LITEs bruce William High Altitude Observatory National Center for Atmospheric ResearchP.O. Box 3000 Boulder CO 80307 USA

The Hinode mission has provided us with a new, quantitative view of the magnetism of the quiet sun. It has revealed that the quiet internetwork areas are blanketed by horizontal fields that appear at first sight to have more flux than the vertical fields resolved on the same 0.3 size scale. These measurements point to the possibility that the horizontal fields might be the primary source of the "hidden turbulent flux" of the quiet sun anticipated from Hanle effect depolarization. In this paper, evidence is presented suggesting that the "seething" horizontal fields observed by Harvey in 2007 and the horizontal fields revealed by Hinode are the same phenomenon. Because the seething fields appear to be of uniform fluctuation over the whole disk, the phenomenon is most likely not associated with the dynamo source of solar activity. Thus, the small-scale "hidden turbulent flux" lends support to the notion of a local solar dynamo acting on granular sizes and time scales.

关键词： sun magnetism fields granulation

Alcoholic hepatitis 2010:A clinician's guide to diagnosis and therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第39期16卷 4905-4912页

作者： Maziyar Amini bruce A Runyon Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Loma Linda University Medical Center

Alcoholic hepatitis(AH)remains a common and life threatening cause of liver failure,especially when it is *** the adjective"acute"is frequently used to describe this form of liver injury,it is usually subacute and has been developing for weeks to months before it becomes clinically *** with this form of alcoholic liver disease usually have a history of drinking heavily for many *** certain aspects of therapy,mainly nutritional support and abstinence are well established,significant debate has surrounded the pharmacologic treatment of AH,and many institutions practice widely varying treatment protocols. In recent years a significant amount of literature has helped focus on the details of treatment,and more data have accumulated regarding risks and benefits of pharmacologic *** particular,the efficacy of pentoxifylline has become increasingly apparent,and when compared with the risks associated with prednisolone,has brought this drug to the forefront of therapy for severe *** review will focus on the clinical and laboratory diagnosis and pharmacologic therapies that should be applied during hospitalization and continued into outpatient *** conclude that the routine use of glucocorticoids for severe AH poses significant risk with equivocal benefit,and that pentoxifylline is a better,safer and cheaper *** the full details of nutritional support lie beyond the scope of this article,nutrition is a cornerstone of therapy and must be addressed in every patient diagnosed with AH. Finally,while traditional psychosocial techniques play a major role in post-hospitalization care of alcoholics, we hope to make the medical clinician realize his or her role in reducing recidivism rates with early and frequent outpatient visits and with the use of baclofen to reduce alcohol craving.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease Pentoxifylline Baclofen