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The art and science of species delimitation

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 846-853页

作者： bruce rANNALA Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis Davis CA 95616 USA

DNA-based approaches to systematics have changed dramatically during the last two decades with the rise of DNA barcoding methods and newer multi-locus methods for species delimitation. During the last half-decade, partly driven by the new sequencing technologies, the focus has shifted to multi-locus sequence data and the identification of species within the frame-work of the multi-species coalescent （MSC）. In this paper, I discuss model-based Bayesian methods for species delimitation that have been developed in recent years using the MSC. Several approximate methods for species delimitation （and their limitations） are also discussed. Explicit species delimitation models have the advantage of clarifying more precisely what is being delimited and what assumptions we are making in doing so. Moreover, the methods can be very powerful when applied to large multi-locus datasets and thus take full advantage of data generated using today＇s technologies [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 846-853,2015].

关键词： Bayesian species delimitation Species concepts Multi-species coalescent

PrOPOSED LEED CrEDIT FOr ELECTrICAL LOAD SHEDDING

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第3期4卷 121-134页

作者： Wayne Jensen Tim Wentz bruce Fischer University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-5000

The cost of energy is a signifi cant percentage of the operating expense for most *** used within buildings is supplied primarily by *** for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak *** electrical loads reduces the utility’s carbon footprint and the cost of generating *** savings are commonly shared with customers through economic *** techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings,with benefi ts for both the electrical utility and electricity *** paper provides an overview of electrical load-shedding techniques,outlines some of the benefi ts and problems associated with each,and discusses how some of these techniques are currently being applied to reduce the total electrical load for *** paper also proposes a LEED credit which provides an incentive for owners and tenants to incorporate one or more load-shedding systems into LEED certifi ed buildings to lower peak electrical demand.

关键词： LEED credit load-shedding peak load

Differential expression and function of the endogenous lactate receptor, GPr81, in Erα-positive/HEr2-positive epithelial vs. post-EMT triple-negative mesenchymal breast cancer cells

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第6期4卷 1-14页

作者： Denisse Tafur Patrick Svrcek bruce White Department of Cell Biology University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06032USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06032USA.

Aim:Lactate can signal through the endogenous lactate receptor,GPr81,which is expressed in some *** metabolism is altered by the metastasis-promoting process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).This study examined the expression and function of GPr81 in breast cancer samples,and in receptor-positive epithelial ***-negative post-EMT mesenchymal breast cancer ***:GPr81 mrNA expression was examined by breast cancer microarray,and by a Kaplan-Meier survival *** 3-dimensional culture conditions,GPr81 mrNA expression in epithelial and mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines was measured by ***81 sirNA was used to assess the role of GPr81,alone or in conjunction with tamoxifen,in the regulation of MCT1 and MCT4 lactate transporters,intracellular lactate,and cell proliferation and ***:GPr81 mrNA levels were elevated in receptor-positive breast cancer,relative to non-tumor and triple-negative samples,and correlated with increased ***81 expression was elevated in the two epithelial breast cancer cell lines *** corresponding post-EMT mesenchymal cell ***81 knock-down in epithelial MCF7 cells caused:1,selectively lower mrNA and protein expression of the MCT1 transporter,but not MCT2 or MCT4 ;transporters;2,lower levels of intracellular lactate;and 3,decreased proliferation and survival in lactate only-containing ***81 sirNA plus tamoxifen displayed additive suppressive effects on MCT1 expression and cell ***:GPr81 promotes the ability of epithelial breast cancer cells to import lactate for energy *** such,GPr81 represents a potential target for treatment of hormone-positive breast cancer cells,and may be prognostic for higher grade breast cancer.

关键词： GPr81 lactate metabolism MCT transporters MCT1 tamoxifen

Energy metabolism of CNS white matter and the consequences of its disruption

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Energy metabolism of CNS white matter and the consequences o...

NON-INVASIVE MEASUrEMENT OF DEEP TISSUE TEMPErATUrE CHANGES CAUSED BY APOPTOSIS DUrING BrEAST CANCEr NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHErAPY:A CASE STUDY

中国神经科学学会第六届学术会议暨学会成立十周年庆祝大会

作者： bruce r. ransom Department of Neurology University of Washington School of Medicine 1959 NE Pacific St.SeattleWA 98195

＜正＞The clinical importance of CNS white matter （WM） has been underappreciated. WM constitutes only about 10% of rodent brain but it constitutes 50% of human brain. WM is frequently injured by hypoxia, ischemia or trauma. In fact, in 25% of strokes the injury is entirely confined to WM. The characteristics of energy metabolism in WM and the consequences of disturbing it are the focus of my presentation. Unexpectedly, WM has some capacity to function under anaerobic conditions;this is not the case for gray matter. Astrocytes alone contain glycogen. During aglycemia in WM, astrocyte glycogen breaks down to a monocarboxylate that is transported into axons. Monocarboxylates, like lactate, can support axon energy metabolism and sustain axon excitability. Increasing glycogen content significantly increases the duration during which axons can function in the absence of glucose. Conversely, reducing glycogen content

关键词： CNS white matter disruption

来源： cnki会议评论

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 361-372页

作者： SO HYUN CHUNG rITA MEHTA bruce J.TrOMBErG A.G.YODH Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 S.33rd StPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Medicine UC Irvine Healthcare 101 The City Drive SouthOrangeCA 92868USA Beckman Laser Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvine1002 Health Sciences Rd IrvineCA 92612USA

Treatment-induced apoptosis of cancer cells is one goal of cancer ***,more heat is generated by mitochondria during apoptosis,especially the uncoupled apoptotic state,^(1,2) compared to the resting *** this case study,we explore these thermal effects by longitudinally measuring temperature variations in a breast lesion of a pathological complete responder during neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC).Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging(DOSI)was employed to derive absolute deep tissue temperature using subtle spectral features of the water peak at 975 nm.^(3)A significant temperature increase was observed in time windows during the anthracycline and cyclophosphamide(AC)regimen but not in the paclitaxel and bevacizumab *** concentration changes generally did not follow temperature,suggesting the measured temperature increases were likely due to mitochondrial uncoupling rather than a direct vascular effect.A simultaneous increase of tissue oxygen saturation with temperature was observed,suggesting that oxidative stress also contributes to *** preliminary,this study indicates longitudinal DOSI tissue temperature monitoring provides information that can improve our understanding of the mechanisms of tissue response during NAC.

关键词： Deep tissue temperature Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging apoptosis neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer Bound Water Index NIr water absorption spectrum

Assessment of the determinants that influence the adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in Techiman Municipality of Ghana

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International Soil and Water Conservation research 2019年第3期7卷 248-257页

作者： Kwasi Adjepong Darkwah Joana Deladem Kwawu Frank Agyire-Tettey Daniel bruce Sarpong Department of Statistics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics University of GhanaGhana Department of Economics and Agribusiness University of GhanaGhana

This paper assesses the relationship between farmer characteristics and the degree to which nine soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) are adopted by 300 maize farmers in Techiman Municipality,*** were surveyed for their adoption of nine SWCPs,and 24 other characteristics including demographics,socio-economic factors,risk factors and costs of *** soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) in sub-Saharan Africa such as Ghana are important because they have positive effects on yield,increase sustainability of farming,stop degradation and reduce soil *** adoption of sustainable soil and water conservation practices in the agricultural industry of Ghana has been *** study aims to explain differences in farmer adoption of SWCPs,by assessing factors that vary with the number of different SWCPs used by ***,the Poisson model was *** results show that farmer's household size,farm size,access to credit services and formal training of maize farmer have a positive significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers while distance to nearest output market,distance to input center,access to extension services,and risk of pest and diseases have a negative significant association with the number of soil and water conservation practices adopted by maize farmers at 5% significance *** study concludes that any further research in Techiman Municipality on soil and water conservation practices should acknowledge the mixture of personal and demographic,institutional,socio-economic and risk *** suggests that agricultural polities formulated by the government should be aimed at supporting maize farmers to have access to extension service contact for frequent disseminating of agricultural technology information which is likely to increase the rate of adoption of soil and water conservation practices.

关键词： Sustainable soil and water conservation practices Adoption Correlation Poisson regression

Catastrophe Theory Models for Stress-dependent Behaviour in a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1994年第1期10卷 31-33页

作者： bruce Friedman(Sunrise Enterprises, 1023 Hanson Street, Annapolis, Maryland 21403, USA) Sunrise Enterprises Annapolis United States

The measurements by Huibin XU et al of the stress-dependence ot hysteresis in a NiTi shape memo ry alloy are modeled by catastrophe theory. The cusp catastrophe is used with the strain as the behaviour variable and the control parameters being functions of the stress and the temperature. A two constant model is found to be preferred to a four constant model.

关键词： NiTi Catastrophe Theory Models for Stress-dependent Behaviour in a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

rECENT PrOGrESS IN MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICrOSCOPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2012年第3期5卷 41-48页

作者： JUNLE QU LIXIN LIU YONGHONG SHAO HANBEN NIU bruce Z.GAO College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong ProvinceShenzhen 518060P.R.China School of Technical Physics Xidian University Xi'an 710071P.R.China Department of Bioengineering and COMSET Clemson University Clemson SC 29634USA

Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM)has recently become an important tool in biomedicine for performing three-dimensional fastfluorescence *** various beamsplitting techniques,MMM splits the near-infrared laser beam into multiple beamlets and produces a multifocal array on the sample for parallel multiphoton excitation and then recordsfluorescence signal from all foci simultaneously with an area array detector,which significantly improves the imaging speed of multiphoton microscopy and allows for high efficiency in use of the excitation *** this paper,we discuss the features of several MMM setups using different beamsplitting devices,including a Nipkow spinning disk,a microlens array,a set of beamsplitting mirrors,or a diffractive optical element(DOE).In particular,we present our recent work on the development of an MMM using a spatial light modulator(SLM).

关键词： Multifocal multiphoton microscopy(MMM) microlens array beamsplitter diffractive optical element(DOE) spatial light modulator(SLM)

Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 428-436页

作者： Yongming ZHANG rong YAN Zhen ZOU Jiewei WANG bruce E.rITTMANN Deparlxnent of Environmental Engineering College of Life and Environmental ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287-5801USA

river waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compotmds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen （TN） removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased signifi- cantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocata- lysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD） of the river water from 53 to 84 mg. L-1 and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg.L 1 of glucose. During the photocatalysis experi- ments, the COD increased because photocatalysis trans- formed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.

关键词： dual contamination eutrophication photocatalysis remediation surface water