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Optimization of micropatterned poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) films for enhancing dorsal root ganglion cell orientation and extension

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 105-111页

作者： Ching-Wen Li Brett Davis Jill Shea Himanshu Sant bruce Kent Gale Jayant Agarwal Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Department of Surgery School of Medicine University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah

Nerve conduits have been a viable alternative to the ‘gold standard’ autograft for treating small peripheral nerve gap injuries. However, they often produce inadequate functional recovery outcomes and are ineffective in large gap injuries. Ridge/groove surface micropatterning has been shown to promote neural cell orientation and guide growth. However, optimization of the ratio of ridge/groove parameters to promote orientation and extension for dorsal root ganglion （DRG） cells on poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）（PLGA） films has not been previously conducted. Photolithography and micro-molding were used to define various combinations of ridge/groove dimensions on PLGA films. The DRG cells obtained from chicken embryos were cultured on micropatterned PLGA films for cell orientation and migration *** of the films occurred during the test period, however, this did not cause deformation or distortion of the micropatterns. Results from the DRG cell orientation test suggest that when the ridge/groove ratio equals 1 （ridge/groove width parameters are equal, i.e., 10 μm/10 μm （even））, the degree of alignment depends on the size of the ridges and grooves, when the ratio is smaller than 1 （groove controlled） the alignment increases as the ridge size decreases, and when the ratio is larger than 1 （ridge controlled）, the alignment is reduced as the width of the grooves decreases. The migration rate and neurite extension of DRG neurons were greatest on 10 μm/10 μm and 30 μm/30 μm micropatterned PLGA films. Based on the data, the 10 μm/10 μm and 30 μm/30 μm micropatterned PLGA films are the optimized ridge/groove surface patterns for the construction of nerve repair devices.

关键词： nerve regeneration nerve repair neural cell migration neural cell alignment micropattern dorsal root ganglion topological cues neural regeneration

Comparison of sequential with intimate coupling o photolysis and biodegradation for benzotriazole

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第6期11卷 69-77页

作者： Shunan Shan Yuting Zhang Yining Zhang Lanjun Hui Wen Shi Yongming Zhang bruce E. Rittmann College of Life and Environmental Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5701 USA

Benzotriazole （BTA） is an emerging contaminant that also is a recalcitrant compound. Sequential and intimate coupling of UV-photolysis with biodegradation were investigated for their impacts on BTA removal and mineralization in aerobic batch experiments. Special attention was given to the role of its main photolytic products, which were aminophenol （AP）, formic acid （FA）, maleic acid （MA）, and phenazine （PHZ）. Experiments with sequential coupling showed that BTA biodegradation was accelerated by photolytic pretreatment up to 9 min, but BTA biodegradation was slowed with longer photolysis. FA and MA accelerated BTA biodegradation by being labile electron-donor substrates, but AP and PHZ slowed the rate because of inhibition due to their competition for intracellular electron donor. Because more AP and PHZ accumulated with increasing photolysis time, their inhibitory effects began to dominate with longer photolysis time. Intimately coupling photolysis with biodegradation relieved the inhibition effect, because AP and PHZ were quickly biodegraded and did not accumulate, which accentuated the beneficial effect of FA and MA.

关键词： Benzotriazole Photolysis Biodegradation Inhibition Electron donor

Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第6期11卷 129-138页

作者： Lifeng Cao Weihua Sun Yuting Zhang Shimin Feng Jinyun Dong Yongming Zhang bruce E. Rittmann Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Life and Environmental Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5701 USA

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol （TCP） coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction ofTCP together with nitrate, TCP＇s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol· L^-1 to 0.5 mmol· L^-1 and to 0.76 mmol· L^-1 For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration （Ks value）, and Ks values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in Ks are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

关键词： Competition for electrons Denitrification Reductive dechlorination Bioremediation Nitrate 2 4 6-trichlorophenol

Modeling dynamic biological systems /

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Modeling dynamic biological systems /

THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF GREEN ROOF PANELS IN SUB-ZERO TEMPERATURES

1997年

作者： Hannon bruce M.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Green Building 2010年第2期5卷 91-104页

作者： Johnnel Pierre Luke Bisby bruce Anderson Colin MacDougall Turner Construction WashingtonD.C The School of Engineering and Electronics The University of EdinburghThe King’s BuildingsMayfield RoadEdinburghEH93JL Department of Civil Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanadaK7L 3N6Tel:613-533-2469 Department of Civil Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonOntarioCanadaK7L 3N6Tel:613-533-246

To date,much of the research on green roof technology has focused on the capacity for these systems to contribute to the cooling of buildings during summer *** thermal performance of green roofs in cold climate conditions is critical to understanding the potential of these roofs to decrease energy use in buildings during *** paper compares the behavior of two green roof systems with that of a conventional built-up roof by making use of a novel hot box testing *** green roofs tested are classified as extensive *** system included:a 3 mm thick styrene butadiene rubber waterproofing membrane,0.2 mm thick polyethylene slip sheet,a 76 mm thick extruded polystyrene insulation layer,2 mm thick filter fabric,a 51 mm drainage layer followed by a 2 mm thick filter cloth,either 100 mm or 150 mm growing medium,and a 25 mm thick wild flower vegetated *** conventional roof consisted of a 2 mm thick layer of Kraft™vapour retarder bonded with insulation adhesive,51 mm of isocyanurate insulation,25 mm of fibreboard,a three ply(2 mm)cold-applied built-up roof membrane,and a gravel ballast finish 51 mm *** roof was subjected to temperatures between 0℃ and–25℃,while the temperature within the hot box was held at 21℃.The effect of vegetation on a green roof to reduce wind speeds or increase snow cover were not considered in this *** power required,as well as the temperatures throughout each system at steady state conditions,were monitored for 5 *** data collected from thermal testing suggests that the R-value of green roofs with 100 mm or 150 mm thick layers of growing medium is 37%higher than a conventional roof when subjected to temperatures of 0℃ to–25℃.

关键词： green roofs thermal performance R-value low temperature hot box tests

Experimental and numerical analysis of compressible two-phase flows in a shock tube

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2015年第3期6卷 35-53页

作者： J.bruce Ralphin Rose S.Dhanalakshmi G.R.Jinu Department of Aeronautical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Nagercoil 629004 India

The comparative study on seven equation models with two different six equations modelfor compressible two-phase flow analysis is proposed. The seven equations model isderived for compressible two-phase flow that is in the nonconservation form. In thepresent work, two different six equations model are derived for two pressures, two velocities and single temperature with the derivation of the equation of state. The closingequation for one of the six equations model is energy conservation equation while anotherone is closed by entropy balance equation. The partial differential form of governingequations is hyperbolic and written in the conservative form. At this point, the set ofgoverning equations are derived based on the principle of extended *** method of solving single temperature from both six equation models are simple anddirect solution can be obtained. Numerical simulation has been tried using one of the sixequation models for air–water shock tube problems. Explicit fourth order Runge–Kuttascheme is used with Finite Volume Shock Capturing method for solving the governingequations numerically. The pressure, velocity and volume fraction variations are captured along the shock tube length through flow solver. Experimental work is carried outto magnify the initial stage of liquid injection into a gas. The outcome of six equationsmodel for compressible two-phase flow has revealed the multi-phase flow characteristicsthat are similar to the actual conditions.

关键词： Two-phase flows shock tubes Runge–Kutta scheme six equation models entropy balance

Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第1期1卷 16-22页

作者： bruce C V Campbell Geoffrey A Donnan Peter J Mitchell Stephen M Davis Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel ischaemic stroke substantially reduces disability,with recent positive randomised trials leading to guideline changes *** review discusses in detail the evidence provided by recent randomised trials and metaanalyses,the remaining areas of uncertainty and the future directions for *** data from existing trials have demonstrated the robust benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for internal carotid and proximal middle cerebral artery *** remains for more distal occlusions where the efficacy of alteplase is greater,less tissue is at risk and the safety of endovascular procedures is less *** artery occlusion was excluded from the trials,but with a dire natural history and proof of principle that rapid reperfusion is effective,it seems reasonable to continue treating these patients pending ongoing trial *** has been no evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect in clinically defined subgroups by age,indeed,those aged>80 years have at least as great an overall reduction in disability and reduced *** there was no heterogeneity across the range of baseline stroke severities included in the *** that routine use of general anaesthesia reduces the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy is increasing and conscious sedation is generally preferred unless severe agitation or airway compromise is *** impact of time delays has become clearer with description of onset to imaging and imaging to reperfusion *** in the onset to imaging reduce the proportion of patients with salvageable brain ***,in the presence of favourable imaging,rapid treatment appears beneficial regardless of the onset to imaging time *** to reperfusion delays lead to decay in the clinical benefit achieved,particularly in those with less robust collateral *** brain imaging options to assess prognosis have various advantages and disadvan

关键词： routine epoch benefit

A dynamic model of once-daily 5-aminosalicylic acid predicts clinical efficacy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 136-137页

作者： Deepak Parakkal Eli D Ehrenpreis Matthew P Thorpe Karson S Putt bruce Hannon Department of Gastroenterology North-Shore University Hospital Chief of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Highland Park HospitalNorthShore University Health System Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine University of Chicago Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois Department of Biochemistry University of Illinois Department of Geography/NCSA University of Illinois

New once daily mesalamine formulations may improve adherence to medication *** to Asacol and other forms of 5-aminosalicyclic acid(5-ASA)is better correlated with tissue concentrations and best predicted by concentrations of the drug within the lumen of the *** group used computer simulation to predict colonic 5-ASA levels after Asacol *** our study,the model simulated Asacol distribution in the healthy colon,and during quiescent and active ulcerative *** Asacol dosage of 800 mg,threetimes a day,was compared to 2400 mg given once a *** ideal conditions,the predicted maximum drug in the total colon and individual colonic segments over 100 d differed by less than 3%between single and multiple *** changes in motility and defection rates,the predicted maximum and average 5-ASA concentrations in the total colon and individual colonic segments differed by less than 10%between dosing *** distribution of 5-ASA in the colon was influenced by frequency of bowel movements and colonic transit *** active colitis,sigmoid 5-ASA concentration becomes *** model supports once daily administration of Asacol as standard treatment for ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis 5-aminosalicylate Mesalazine Asacol Once-daily

Nested Metal Catalysts:Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第1期1卷 3-13页

作者： bruce C.Gates Alexander Katz Jingyue Liu Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCalifornia 95616United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Department of Physics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287United States

Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal *** the metals are noble,they are typically unstablesusceptible to sinteringespecially under reducing *** the metals in supports such as organic polymers,metal oxides,and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to *** approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on *** nests include zeolite pore mouths,zeolite surface cups(half-cages),raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports,clusters of non-noble metals(e.g.,hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys),and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals,isolating them from the *** examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts,and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.

关键词： catalyst synthesis supported metal catalysts encapsulated catalysts nested catalysts atomically dispersed metal catalysts