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Genetic relationship of the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae （Diptera： Tephritidae）inferred from mitochondrial DNA

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Insect Science 2012年第2期19卷 195-204页

作者： Yi Wu bruce A.McPheron Jia-Jiao Wu Zhi-Hong Li Department of Entomology College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Entomology Penn State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Guangdong Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Guangzhou Environment and Plant Protection Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHainanChina

The melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae （Coquillett）（Diptera： Tephritidae）, has been the subject of worldwide quarantine and management efforts due to its widespread agricultural impact and potential for rapid range expansion. From its presumed native distribution in India, this species has spread throughout the hot-humid regions of the world. We provide information that reveals population structure, invasion history and population connectivity from 23 locations covering nine countries based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I （COI） gene. Forty-two polymorphic sites were described among 38 haplotypes. The most common haplotype, H1, was observed in 73% of the samples distributed among all populations. Highest genetic diversity was seen within populations, and no isolation-by-distance was detected. The western regions （Nepal, Bangladesh, Thailand, Burma and China-west） showed higher haplotype diversity than eastern regions （China-east）. China-Yunnan showed highest levels of genetic diversity in China. Haplotype diversity decreased with longitude from west to east. Together, these analyses suggest that B. cueurbitae has expanded from west to east within a limited geographic scale and recently invaded China through Yunnan Province.

关键词： Bactrocera cucurbitae mitochondrial haplotypes population expansion population structure

Auditory symptoms and autistic spectrum disorder:A scoping review and recommendations for future research

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Journal of Otology 2022年第4期17卷 239-246页

作者： Sara Timms Sirat Lodhi Jack bruce Emma Stapleton Department of Otolaryngology Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchesterM139WLUK The University of Manchester Medical School Oxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK

Introduction:Auditory symptoms in individuals with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD)are well described within the neurodevelopmental literature,yet there is minimal mention of ASD in Otolaryngology *** is surprising considering the potential clinical and diagnostic implications of this link,and the potential for ASD to present to Otolaryngologists in the form of unexplained auditory *** aims of this literature review were to explore the intersection of auditory symptoms and ASD from the perspective of clinical Otolaryngology,and to outline a clinically focused research agenda based on emerging themes relevant to ***:We searched Pubmed,Embase,Ovid and Cochrane library for studies until November *** authors independently reviewed 227 publications identified.39 were filtered into the final *** PRISMA 2020 guidelines were *** heterogeneity of literature meant that a Systematic Review was not *** studies were therefore classified thematically,forming the basis of the scoping ***:Diagnostic theories for auditory symptoms in ASD include the entire auditory pathway and *** is a growing body of literature on auditory symptoms in ASD,suggesting that a primary diagnosis of ASD should be considered in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained auditory symptoms,and indicating a learning need for Otolaryngologists and audiologists,to whom these patients may ***:We recommend a research agenda focusing on multidisciplinary collaboration,stakeholder engagement,responsible clinical screening,and clarification of pathophysiological mechanisms and terminology.

关键词： Autistic disorder Audiology Otolaryngology Tinnitus Hyperacusis

Modeling Climate Change Impacts on the US Agricultural Exports

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第4期13卷 666-676页

作者： ZHANG Yu-quan CAI Yong-xia Beach Robert H McCARL bruce A Agricultural Resource & Energy Economics and Policy ProgramRTI InternationalResearch Triangle Park Department of Agricultural Economics Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station

Climate change is expected to have substantial effects on agricultural productivity worldwide. However, these impacts will differ across commodities, locations and time periods. As a result, landowners will see changes in relative returns that are likely to induce modifications in production practices and land allocation. In addition, regional variations in impacts can alter relative competitiveness across countries and lead to adjustments in international trade patterns. Thus in climate change impact studies it is likely useful to account for worldwide productivity effects. In this study, we investigate the implications of considering rest of world climate impacts on projections of the US agricultural exports. We chose to focus on the US because it is one of the largest agricultural exporters. To conduct our analyses, we consider four alternative climate scenarios, both with and without rest of world climate change impacts. Our results show that considering/ignoring rest of world climate impacts causes significant changes in the US production and exports projections. Thus we feel climate change impact studies should account not only for climate impacts in the country of focus but also on productivity in the rest of the world in order to capture effects on commodity markets and trade potential.

关键词： climate change relative competitiveness trade agricultural sector model (ASM)

Temporal evolution of scour at bridge abutments in compound channels

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 662-674页

作者： Yifan Yang bruce W.Melville Xiaozhou Xiong Lu Wang School of Engineering The University of Waikato Risland New Zealand Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Auckland State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan University

Bridge abutment-induced sediment scour in compound river channels is time-sensitive during floods, and, thus, estimating the scour rate has significance in design. In the current study, large-scale laboratory experiments were done to examine the influence of multiple factors on scour evolution,including channel geometry, bed mobility(clear-water or live-bed), and lateral(embankment intrusion) and vertical(deck submergence) flow contractions. A new method is applied for scour measurement and determination of characteristic scour trends. Results show that the nondimensional time scale is related to flow intensity and may peak before reaching the clear-water scour threshold; the corresponding equations also are derived. It is found that the use of scour countermeasures has a significant impact on the scour rate, and the existing equations for unprotected abutments have limitations. Under clear-water conditions, the scour rate is closely related to the overall flow contraction, which can be better reflected by the ratio of the approaching unit discharge to that at the bridge section. Specifically, the effect of vertical flow contraction on scour rate is more dominant than other factors. Two scour rate curves are derived to suit different structural and flow contraction types for clear-water scour. In contrast, the live-bed scour rate data are generally consistent and fall in a narrow band, showing less dependence on other factors. Finally, a new design approach is established to estimate the time scale and scour rate using the new equations proposed in this paper.

关键词： Abutment scour Temporal evolution Compound channel Time scale Scour rate

The pitch-catch nonlinear ultrasonic imaging techniques for structural health monitoring

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 2608-2617页

作者： CHENG JingWei DRINKWATER bruce W. CHEN XueDong FAN ZhiChao CHEN Wei WANG Zhe National Safety Engineering Technology Research Centre for Pressure Vessels and Pipelines Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.Ltd.Hefei 230031China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BristolBristol BS81TRUnited Kingdom

Nonlinear ultrasonic imaging techniques in pulse-echo configuration have recently shown their potential to allow the effective separation of nonlinear and linear features in a nonlinear *** this study,two ultrasonic phased arrays are implemented to produce an image of elastic nonlinearity through the parallel-sequential subtraction of the coherently scattered components in the through-transmission acoustic field at the transmission or subharmonic *** parallel mode,a physical focus at each pixel is achieved by firing the transmitters with a predefined delay *** sequential mode,each transmitter is fired in sequence and all the receivers are employed to capture the data *** full matrix captured data can be post-processed and focused synthetically at the target *** images of parallel focusing and sequential focusing are expected to be linearly identical and hence any differences remained on the subtracted image can be related to the nonlinearities arising from the ***,the imaging metric here is defined as the difference between parallel and sequentially focused amplitudes obtained from forward coherently scattered fields at each target ***,the negative influences due to the instrumentation nonlinearities are investigated by studying the remaining relative phase and amplitude at undamaged pixels.A compensation method is implemented to suppress these noises,significantly enhancing the selectivity of nonlinear scattering *** proposed techniques are then implemented to monitor fatigue crack growth in order to explore the capability of these methods as measures of elastic nonlinearity induced by different sizes of small closed *** promising results suggest that nonlinear imaging can be used to monitor crack growth and improve the detectability at early stages.

关键词： pitch-catch coherent measurement nonlinear imaging fatigue crack monitoring ultrasonic phased array nonlinearities decoupling

Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.SMITH Saeed MIRAMINI bruce S.GARDINER Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of Melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of Science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap size<1μm,flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

Review and insight on the behavioral aspects of cybersecurity

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 749-766页

作者： Rachid Ait Maalem Lahcen bruce Caulkins Ram Mohapatra Manish Kumar University of Central Florida Mathematics DepartmentOrlandoFL 32816USA Institute for Simulation and Training 3100 Technology PkwyOrlandoFL 32826USA Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences-Pilani Hyderabad CampusHyderabad 500078TelanganaIndia

Stories of cyber attacks are becoming a routine in which cyber attackers show new levels of intention by sophisticated attacks on ***,cybercriminals have figured out profitable business models and they take advantage of the online anonymity.A serious situation that needs to improve for networks’***,a paradigm shift is essential to the effectiveness of current techniques and *** the majority of cyber incidents are human enabled,this shift requires expanding research to underexplored areas such as behavioral aspects of *** is more vital to focus on social and behavioral issues to improve the current *** paper is an effort to provide a review of relevant theories and principles,and gives insights including an interdisciplinary framework that combines behavioral cybersecurity,human factors,and modeling and simulation.

关键词： Cybersecurity Behavioral aspects Human factors Crime theories

PROPOSED LEED CREDIT FOR ELECTRICAL LOAD SHEDDING

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Journal of Green Building 2009年第3期4卷 121-134页

作者： Wayne Jensen Tim Wentz bruce Fischer University of Nebraska-Lincoln 68588-5000

The cost of energy is a signifi cant percentage of the operating expense for most *** used within buildings is supplied primarily by *** for electricity used in industrial and agricultural applications is frequently leveled by shifting portions of peak loads to non-peak *** electrical loads reduces the utility’s carbon footprint and the cost of generating *** savings are commonly shared with customers through economic *** techniques can be applied to control the energy demand of buildings,with benefi ts for both the electrical utility and electricity *** paper provides an overview of electrical load-shedding techniques,outlines some of the benefi ts and problems associated with each,and discusses how some of these techniques are currently being applied to reduce the total electrical load for *** paper also proposes a LEED credit which provides an incentive for owners and tenants to incorporate one or more load-shedding systems into LEED certifi ed buildings to lower peak electrical demand.

关键词： LEED credit load-shedding peak load

Differential expression and function of the endogenous lactate receptor, GPR81, in ERα-positive/HER2-positive epithelial vs. post-EMT triple-negative mesenchymal breast cancer cells

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2019年第6期4卷 1-14页

作者： Denisse Tafur Patrick Svrcek bruce White Department of Cell Biology University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06032USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine University of Connecticut HealthFarmingtonCT 06032USA.

Aim:Lactate can signal through the endogenous lactate receptor,GPR81,which is expressed in some *** metabolism is altered by the metastasis-promoting process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).This study examined the expression and function of GPR81 in breast cancer samples,and in receptor-positive epithelial ***-negative post-EMT mesenchymal breast cancer ***:GPR81 mRNA expression was examined by breast cancer microarray,and by a Kaplan-Meier survival *** 3-dimensional culture conditions,GPR81 mRNA expression in epithelial and mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines was measured by ***81 siRNA was used to assess the role of GPR81,alone or in conjunction with tamoxifen,in the regulation of MCT1 and MCT4 lactate transporters,intracellular lactate,and cell proliferation and ***:GPR81 mRNA levels were elevated in receptor-positive breast cancer,relative to non-tumor and triple-negative samples,and correlated with increased ***81 expression was elevated in the two epithelial breast cancer cell lines *** corresponding post-EMT mesenchymal cell ***81 knock-down in epithelial MCF7 cells caused:1,selectively lower mRNA and protein expression of the MCT1 transporter,but not MCT2 or MCT4 ;transporters;2,lower levels of intracellular lactate;and 3,decreased proliferation and survival in lactate only-containing ***81 siRNA plus tamoxifen displayed additive suppressive effects on MCT1 expression and cell ***:GPR81 promotes the ability of epithelial breast cancer cells to import lactate for energy *** such,GPR81 represents a potential target for treatment of hormone-positive breast cancer cells,and may be prognostic for higher grade breast cancer.

关键词： GPR81 lactate metabolism MCT transporters MCT1 tamoxifen