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Bacterial vaginosis:a synthesis of the literature on etiology,prevalence,risk factors,and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

作者： (美)布鲁斯·e. 瓦姆波尔德(bruce e. Wampold)

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 93-103页

作者： Christian T.Bautista eyako Wurapa Warren B.Sateren Sara Morris bruce Hollingsworth Jose L.Sanchez Division of Health Research Lancaster University Lancaster UK. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Maryland USA Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions Maryland USA

Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of Leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when Lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. Worldwide, it estimated that 20%–30% of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection(STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50%–60% in high-risk populations(e.g., those who practice commercial sex work(CSW). epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-r

关键词： Bacterial vaginosis Chlamydia Gonorrhea Military epidemiology STI

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微生物处理有害的有机化合物

环境工程学报 1982年第6期 58-70页

作者： Hester Kolayashi ,bruce e.Rittmann ,广奉

人工合成的有机化合物存在地环境中是一个严重的公众健康问题。这样的化学试剂中有65类被认为是有危害的,其中114个有机化合物已由美环保局指定为重点污染物。这些化合物的存在主要归因于缺乏适当的处理技术,目前它们在引起水系和土壤... 详细信息

人工合成的有机化合物存在地环境中是一个严重的公众健康问题。这样的化学试剂中有65类被认为是有危害的,其中114个有机化合物已由美环保局指定为重点污染物。这些化合物的存在主要归因于缺乏适当的处理技术,目前它们在引起水系和土壤的污染。在处理过程中偶然产生的这类化合物,如氯化时产生氯仿是水污染的另一来源。现存的控制和限制这此危害的化学药品进入环境的法律包括安全饮用水法(SDWA)、清洁水法(CWA)、毒物控制

关键词：细菌人工合成脂肪族化合物开链化合物活性污泥出水浓度生物降解生化反应微生物生长

Indicator of Agriculture Vulnerability to Climatic extremes. A Conceptual Model with Case Study for the Northeast Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2014年第2期4卷 334-345页

作者： bruce Kelly N. Silva Paulo Sergio Lucio Programa de Pós-Graduacao em Ciências Climáticas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil

The Northeast Brazil (NeB) is known for its temporal and spatial variability of precipitation. Several studies have investigated this variability in order to understand the damaging episodes such as droughts and floods. The phenomenon of drought in the NeB is a complex topic due to affecting?millions of people and being?the object of study in several fields of knowledge. One way to try to argue about this phenomenon is through the concept of vulnerability. The “operability” of this broad concept in natural disasters is a complex task. In order to measure an indicator of vulnerability it is necessary large amount of data from different areas of knowledge, among which?include: meteorology, socio-environmental, economic, public health, among other areas. The main objective of this study is to create an index of vulnerability to climate extremes (drought and flood) for the NeB and to compare this rate with those found in the scientific literature. The data that will be used in this study are from ANA (Agência Nacional das águas), IBGe (Instituto Brasileiro de Georgrafia e estatística), and Ministry of National integration.

关键词： SPI Sensibility Adaptation Climate Changes

Forage Production and Selection for Vigor in Meadow and Hybrid Bromegrass in the Northern Great Plains

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 91-110页

作者： R. Martine Similien Arvid Boe bruce Coulman Plant Sciences Department South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA Plant Science Department University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Canada

Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann) is an important forage crop in Canada and the Intermountain West, but it has not been extensively evaluated in the northern Great Plains (NGP). Our objectives were to 1) evaluate meadow, smooth, and hybrid bromegrasses for forage production under intensive management in eastern South Dakota, and 2) evaluate the effect of selection for vigor in multiple environments on forage production of meadow bromegrass. Thirteen populations (7 meadow bromegrass, 5 hybrid bromegrass, and 1 smooth bromegrass) were evaluated for 4 yrs (2005-2007, 2009) at Brookings, SD. Biomass at anthesis was greater for smooth (6.75 Mg ha-1) than for meadow or hybrid brome (5.4 Mg ha-1) in 2005, but production at anthesis during 2006 and 2007 was similar for meadow and smooth bromegrass. Regrowth harvested during July and October 2005 and November 2006 was greater for meadow than smooth or hybrid bromegrass. Forage production at anthesis in 2009, after rest (i.e., no cutting) and fertilization in 2008, was 4.2 Mg ha-1 for meadow bromegrass compared with 3.3 Mg ha-1 and 2.6 Mg ha-1 for hybrid and smooth bromegrass, respectively. Smooth and hybrid bromegrasses had more leaves·tiller-1 than meadow bromegrass. After 6 yrs, meadow bromegrass had higher tiller density and greater potential for tolerating multiple harvests during a growing season than did smooth or hybrid bromegrass. Selection for vigor in multiple environments in North America resulted in experimental populations of meadow bromegrass with superior forage yield compared with ‘Fleet’ on marginal crop land in the northern Great Plains.

关键词： Bromus riparius Smooth Bromegrass Bromus inermis Morphology Phytomer Biomass Partitioning Leaf Ratio Tiller Density Marginal Cropland

Formation of Copper Nickel Bimetallic Nanoalloy Film Using Precursor Inks

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2019年第4期10卷 349-363页

作者： Chaitanya G. Mahajan Amanda Marotta bruce e. Kahn Mark Irving Surendra Gupta Richard Hailstone Scott A. Williams Denis Cormier Department of Industrial and Systems engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA School of Chemistry and Materials Science Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA AMPrint Center Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Department of Mechanical engineering Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA Center for Imaging Science Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY USA

Precursor (Metal-organic decomposition (MOD)) inks are used to fabricate 2D and 3D printed conductive structures directly onto a substrate. By formulating a nanoalloy structure containing multiple metals, the opportunity to modify chemical and physical properties exists. In this paper, a copper-nickel bimetallic nanoalloy film was fabricated by mixing copper and nickel precursor inks and sintering them in vacuum. The individual elemental inks were formulated and characterized using SeM, eDS, and XRD. During thermal processing, elemental copper forms first and is followed by the formation of bimetallic copper-nickel alloy. The encapsulation of the underlying copper by the nickel-rich alloy provides excellent oxidation resistance. No change in film resistance was observed after the film was exposed to an oxygen plasma. Nanoalloy films printed using reactive metallic inks have a variety of important applications involving local control of alloy composition. examples include facile formation of layered nanostructures, and electrical conductivity with oxidative stability.

关键词： Copper-Nickel Functional Printing Metal Organic Decomposition Printed Nanoalloy Precursor Ink

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舒适弹力针织面料的护理和性能的评价

中国纤检 2010年第18期 58-61页

作者： elizabeth R easter bruce e. Ankenman

引言“服装的弹力是看不到的，而是人体感受到的，一旦你感受过它，便不想失去。”服装设计师和面料制造商将功能性和设计潜力相结合以创造”舒适弹力”和“弹力布”的概念，这种面料具有“感觉良好”和“柔软的弹力性能”。使用最广泛... 详细信息

引言“服装的弹力是看不到的，而是人体感受到的，一旦你感受过它，便不想失去。”服装设计师和面料制造商将功能性和设计潜力相结合以创造”舒适弹力”和“弹力布”的概念，这种面料具有“感觉良好”和“柔软的弹力性能”。使用最广泛的弹力纤维是氨纶，面料中氨纶的使用比例从1％至10％以上不等，使消费者穿着舒适。

关键词：针织面料弹力性能弹力布舒适服装设计师评价护理弹力纤维

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“绿化”化学工业——生物基工业产品的研究与开发优势(上)

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腐植酸 2005年第5期 39-44页

作者： bruce e Dale 杨铁刚唐辉李宝才密西根州大学化学工程与材料科学系昆明理工大学生物与化学工程学院昆明650224

上世纪蓬勃发展的化学工业是以石油为基本原料的,然而,迫于来自经济、政治及社会等诸多方面的压力,有必要引导化学工业在使用石油原料的同时,使用可再生的植物原料并逐步取而代之。以前,石油是化学原料、材料及液体燃料的基本原料,在下... 详细信息

上世纪蓬勃发展的化学工业是以石油为基本原料的,然而,迫于来自经济、政治及社会等诸多方面的压力,有必要引导化学工业在使用石油原料的同时,使用可再生的植物原料并逐步取而代之。以前,石油是化学原料、材料及液体燃料的基本原料,在下个世纪,石油将从这一光环中渐渐走出来。这种转变一旦发生,化学工业将得到更好的可持续发展,当然,要实现这一转变还需要做大量研究工作。本文以美国国家科学研究会(NRC)的最新报道为依据,总结了以可再生植物资源为基础而建立的可持续的即“绿色的”化学工业的研究和开发优势。

关键词：生物基产品乙醇石油加工化学工业研究与开发工业产品优势石油原料可持续发展生物

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