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Experimental and numerical analysis of compressible two-phase flows in a shock tube

International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2015年第3期6卷 35-53页

作者： J.bruce Ralphin Rose S.Dhanalakshmi G.R.Jinu Department of Aeronautical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering Regional Centre of Anna University Tirunelveli 627007 India Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering Nagercoil 629004 India

The comparative study on seven equation models with two different six equations modelfor compressible two-phase flow analysis is proposed. The seven equations model isderived for compressible two-phase flow that is in the nonconservation form. In thepresent work, two different six equations model are derived for two pressures, two velocities and single temperature with the derivation of the equation of state. The closingequation for one of the six equations model is energy conservation equation while anotherone is closed by entropy balance equation. The partial differential form of governingequations is hyperbolic and written in the conservative form. At this point, the set ofgoverning equations are derived based on the principle of extended *** method of solving single temperature from both six equation models are simple anddirect solution can be obtained. Numerical simulation has been tried using one of the sixequation models for air–water shock tube problems. Explicit fourth order Runge–Kuttascheme is used with Finite Volume Shock Capturing method for solving the governingequations numerically. The pressure, velocity and volume fraction variations are captured along the shock tube length through flow solver. Experimental work is carried outto magnify the initial stage of liquid injection into a gas. The outcome of six equationsmodel for compressible two-phase flow has revealed the multi-phase flow characteristicsthat are similar to the actual conditions.

关键词： Two-phase flows shock tubes Runge–Kutta scheme six equation models entropy balance

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Nested Metal Catalysts:Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第1期1卷 3-13页

作者： bruce C.Gates Alexander Katz Jingyue Liu Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCalifornia 95616United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Department of Physics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287United States

Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal *** the metals are noble,they are typically unstablesusceptible to sinteringespecially under reducing *** the metals in supports such as organic polymers,metal oxides,and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to *** approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on *** nests include zeolite pore mouths,zeolite surface cups(half-cages),raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports,clusters of non-noble metals(e.g.,hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys),and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals,isolating them from the *** examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts,and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.

关键词： catalyst synthesis supported metal catalysts encapsulated catalysts nested catalysts atomically dispersed metal catalysts

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Physician approaches to drug shortages: Results of a national survey of pediatric hematologist/oncologists

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2017年第4期8卷 336-342页

作者： Jill C Beck Baojiang Chen bruce G Gordon Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center

AIM To evaluate personnel involved in scarce drug prioritization and distribution and the criteria used to inform drug distribution during times of shortage among pediatric hematologists/oncologists. METHODS Using the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology(ASPHO) membership list, a 20 question survey of pediatric hematologists/oncologists was conducted via email to evaluate personnel involved in scarce drug prioritization and distribution and criteria used to inform scarce drug distribution. RESULTS Nearly 65% of the 191 study respondents had patients directly affected by drug shortages. Most physicians find out about shortages from the pharmacist(n = 179, 98%) or other doctors(n = 75, 41%). One third of respondents do not know if there is a program or policy for handling drug shortages at their institution. The pharmacist was the most commonly cited decision maker for shortage drug distribution(n = 128, 70%), followed by physicians(n = 109, 60%). One fourth of respondents did not know who makes decisions about shortage drug distribution at their institution. The highest priority criterion among respondents was use of the shortage drug for curative, rather than palliative intent and lowest priority criterion was order of arrival or first-come *** Despite pediatric hematology/oncology physicians and patients being heavily impacted by drug shortages, institutional processes for handling shortages are lacking. There is significant disparity between how decisions for distribution of shortage drugs are currently made and how study respondents felt those decisions should be made. An institution-based, and more importantly, a societalapproach to drug shortages is necessary to reconcile these disparities.

关键词： Pediatric hematology/oncology Chemotherapy Ethics

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Veterans utilizing a federally qualified health center: a clinical snapshot

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Military Medical Research 2023年第1期10卷 134-136页

作者： Thad E.Abrams bruce Alexander Antonio Flores M.Bryant Howren VHA Office of Rural Health Veterans Rural Health Resource CenterIowa CityIA 52246USA Carver College of Medicine The University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Center for Access Delivery Research and Evaluation(CADRE) VA Iowa City Healthcare SystemIowa CityIA 52246USA Community Health Centers of Southeastern Iowa West BurlingtonIA 52655USA Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Florida Blue Center for Rural Health Research and Policy College of MedicineFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA

Dear Editor,Te Veterans Health Administration(VHA)provides healthcare for over 9 million enrolled veterans with approximately 2.7 million of those residing in rural areas[1].Te MISSION Act of 2018 emphasizes VHA collaboration with Federally Qualifed Healthcare Centers(FQHC)to serve rural residing veterans and nearly all existing collaborations involve arrangement of payment for community-based care by VHA to ***,there is a paucity of descriptive clinical data on existing cross-system collaborations which may help characterize these veterans and aid understanding of conditions for which they may receive treatment across *** data has implications for workforce training,development,and resource allocation[2].Te objective of this report is to describe diferent clinical profles between two mutually exclusive samples:veterans engaged in FQHC only use,and VHA-enrolled veterans engaged in dual VHA and FQHC use.

关键词： Veterans Federally qualified healthcare centers Healthcare utilization Dual use Mental health

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia survival in an English regional ECMO center

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第2期6卷 77-84页

作者： Elizabeth O'connor Ryo Tamura Therese Hannon Sundeep Harigopal bruce Jaffray Paediatric surgery The Great North Children's HospitalNewcastle upon TyneTyne&WearUK Fetal medicine and obstetrics Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneTyne&WearUK Neonatal medicine Royal Victoria InfirmaryNewcastle upon TyneTyne&WearUK

Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)remains a cause of neonatal *** aims are to describe contemporary rates of survival and the variables associated with this outcome,contrasting these with our study of two decades earlier and recent *** and methods A retrospective review of all infants diagnosed in a regional center between January 2000 and December 2020 was *** outcome of interest was *** explanatory variables included side of defect,use of complex ventilatory or hemodynamic strategies(inhaled nitric oxide(iNO),high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV),extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),and Prostin),presence of antenatal diagnosis,associated anomalies,birth weight,and *** changes were studied by measuring outcomes in each of four consecutive 63-month *** A total of 225 cases were *** was 60%(134 of 225).Postnatal survival was 68%(134 of 198 liveborn),and postrepair survival was 84%(134 of 159 who survived to repair).Diagnosis was made antenatally in 66%of *** associated with mortality were the need for complex ventilatory strategies(iNO,HFOV,Prostin,and ECMO),antenatal diagnosis,right-sided defects,use of patch repair,associated anomalies,birth weight,and *** has improved from our report of a prior decade and did not vary during the study *** survival has improved despite fewer *** multivariate analysis,the need for complex ventilation was the strongest predictor of death(OR=50,95%CI 13 to 224,p<0.0001),and associated anomalies ceased to be *** Survival has improved from our earlier report,despite reduced numbers of *** may be related to increased use of complex ventilatory strategies.

关键词： Survival termination sided

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Immune Regulatory Cell Biology and Clinical Applications to Prevent or Treat Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

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Engineering 2019年第1期5卷 98-105页

作者： bruce R. Blazar Masonic Cancer Center & Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

The most common approaches to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are intended to deplete or suppress the T cells capable of mediating or supporting alloresponses;however, this renders the recipients functionally T cell deficient and hence highly susceptible to infections and tumor recurrence. Depletion is often accomplished through the use of broadly reactive antibodies, while functional impairment is typically achieved by pharmacological agents that require long-term administration (usually six months or more), have significant side effects, and may not result in tolerance (i.e., nonresponsiveness) of donor T cells to conditioning regimen-resistant host alloantigen-bearing cells. As our knowledge of immune system homeostasis has increased, cell populations with immune regulatory function have been identified and characterized. Although such cell populations are typically present in low frequencies, methods to isolate and expand these cells have permitted their supplementation to the donor graft or infusion late post-transplant in order to stifle GVHD. This review discusses the biology and preclinical proof of concept of GVHD models, along with GVHD outcomes that focus exclusively on immune regulatory cell therapies that have progressed to clinical testing.

关键词： Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Immune regulatory cells Cell therapy

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Tyrosine metabolic enzymes from insects and mammals：A comparative perspective

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Insect Science 2014年第1期21卷 13-19页

作者： Christopher John Vavricka Qian Han Prajwalini Mehere Haizhen Ding bruce M. Christensen and Jianyong Li Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH) Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences BeUing China Department of Biochemistry Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA Department of Tuberculosis The Foundation for Medical Research Mumbai India and Department of Pathobiology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wl 53706 USA

Differences in the metabolism of tyrosine between insects and mammals present an interesting example of molecular evolution. Both insects and mammals possess finetuned systems of enzymes to meet their specific demands for tyrosine metabolites; however, more homologous enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism have emerged in many insect species. Without knowledge of modem genomics, one might suppose that mammals, which are generally more complex than insects and require tyrosine as a precur sor for important catecholamine neurotransmitters and for melanin, should possess more enzymes to control tyrosine metabolism. Therefore, the question of why insects actually possess more tyrosine metabolic enzymes is quite interesting. It has long been known that insects rely heavily on tyrosine metabolism for cuticle hardening and for innate immune responses, and these evolutionary constraints are likely the key answers to this question. In terms of melanogenesis, mammals also possess a high level of regulation; yet mam malian systems possess more mechanisms for detoxification whereas insects accelerate pathways like melanogenesis and therefore must bear increased oxidative pressure. Our research group has had the opportunity to characterize the structure and function of many key proteins involved in tyrosine metabolism from both insects and mammals. In this mini review we will give a brief overview of our research on tyrosine metabolic enzymes in the scope of an evolutionary perspective of mammals in comparison to insects.

关键词： arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) Enzymology L-DOPAdecarboxylase (DDC) melanogenesis tyrosine metabolism

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Pt-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalyst for CO oxidation in humid air at ambient temperature

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2017年第3期38卷 475-488页

作者： Shirish S.Punde bruce J.Tatarchuk 奥本大学化学工程系美国亚拉巴马州奥本市

CO self-poisoning and slow surface kinetics pose major challenges to a CO oxidation catalyst that should work at ambient ***,the presence of moisture would cause passivation of the catalyst A highly active ceria promoted Pt catalyst（4%Pt-12%CeO_2/SiO_2;conversion≥99%at low（ 500 ppm） and high（ 2500 ppm） CO concentrations was developed for CO oxidation at ambient temperature in humid *** preparation variables such as Pt and CeO_2 loading,ceria deposition method,drying and calcination conditions for the ceria and Pt precursors were optimized *** activity was correlated with surface properties using CO/H_2 chemisorption,O_2-H_2 titration,X-ray diffraction and BET surface area *** method of CeO_2 deposition had a significant impact on the catalytic ***_2 deposition by impregnation resulted in a catalyst that was three times more active than that prepared by deposition precipitation or CeO_2grafting.O_2-H_2 titration results revealed that the close association of ceria and Pt in the case of CeO_2deposition by impregnation resulted in higher *** catalyst support used was also crucial as a silica supported catalyst was five times more active than an alumina supported *** particle size and pore structure of the catalyst support were also crucial as the reaction was diffusion *** drying and calcination conditions of the ceria and Pt precursors also played a crucial role in determining the catalytic *** Pt-CeO_2/SiO_2 catalysts with Pt 2.5 wt%and CeO_2 15 wt%were highly active（TOF 0.02 s^（-1）） and stable（conversion 99%after 15 h） at ambient conditions.

关键词： Carbon monoxide oxidation Catalyst Platium Ceria Silica Precursor O_2-H_2 titration Chemisorption Temperature-programmed reduction

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Novel vertically aligned nanocomposite of Bi_(2)WO_(6)-Co_(3)O_(4) with room-temperature multiferroic and anisotropic optical response

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Nano Research 2021年第12期14卷 4789-4794页

作者： Leigang Li Shikhar Misra Xingyao Gao Juncheng Liu Han Wang Jijie Huang bruce Zhang Ping Lu Haiyan Wang School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA Sandia National Laboratory AlbuquerqueNew Mexico87185USA

A new vertically aligned nanocomposite(VAN)structure based on two-dimensional(2D)layered oxides has been designed and self-assembled on both LaAlO_(3)(001)and SrTiO3(001)*** new VAN structure consists of epitaxially grown Co_(3)O_(4) nanopillars embedded in the Bi_(2)WO_(6) matrix with a unique 2D layered structure,as evidenced by the microstructural *** property measurements show that the new Bi_(2)WO_(6)-Co_(3)O_(4) VAN structure exhibits strong ferromagnetic and piezoelectric response at room temperature as well as anisotropic permittivity *** work demonstrates a new approach in processing multifunctional VANs structure based on the layered oxide systems towards future nonlinear optics,ferromagnets,and multiferroics.

关键词： vertically aligned nanocomposite(VAN) multiferroics Aurivillius oxides layered oxides Co_(3)O_(4) Bi_(2)WO_(6)

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A Dominant Allele of Arabidopsis Pectin-Binding Wall-Associated Kinase Induces a Stress Response Suppressed by MPK6 but Not MPK3 Mutations

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 841-851页

作者： bruce D. Kohorn Susan L. Kohorn Tanya Todorova Gillian Baptiste Kevin Stansky Meghan McCullough Department of Biology Bowdoin College ME 04011 USA

The plant cell wall is composed of a matrix of cellulose fibers, flexible pectin polymers, and an array of as- sorted carbohydrates and proteins. The receptor-like Wall-Associated Kinases （WAKs） of Arabidopsis bind pectin in the wall, and are necessary both for cell expansion during development and for a response to pathogens and wounding. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases （MPKs） form a major signaling link between cell surface receptors and both transcrip- tional and enzyme regulation in eukaryotes, and Arabidopsis MPK6 and MPK3 indeed have important roles in develop- ment and the response to stress and pathogens. A dominant allele of WAK2 requires kinase activity and activates a stress response that includes an increased ROS accumulation and the up-regulation of numerous genes involved in pathogen resistance, wounding, and cell wall biogenesis. This dominant allele requires a functional pectin binding and kinase domain, indicating that it is engaged in a WAK signaling pathway. A null mutant of the major plasma membrane ROS-producing enzyme complex, rbohd/f does not suppress the WAK2cTAP-induced phenotype. A mpk6, but not a mpk3, null allele is able to suppress the effects of this dominant WAK2 mutation, thus distinguishing MPK3 and MPK6, whose activity previously was thought to be redundant. Pectin activation of gene expression is abated in a wak2-null, but is tempered by the WAK-dominant allele that induces elevated basal stress-related transcript levels. The results suggest a mechanism in which changes to the cell wall can lead to a large change in cellular responses and help to explain how pathogens and wounding can have general effects on growth.

关键词： Wall Associated Kinases MPK3 MPK6 pectin oligogalacturonides.

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