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Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 428-436页

作者： Yongming ZHANG Rong YAN Zhen ZOU Jiewei WANG bruce E.RITTMANN Deparlxnent of Environmental Engineering College of Life and Environmental ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287-5801USA

River waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compotmds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen （TN） removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased signifi- cantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocata- lysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD） of the river water from 53 to 84 mg. L-1 and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg.L 1 of glucose. During the photocatalysis experi- ments, the COD increased because photocatalysis trans- formed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.

关键词： dual contamination eutrophication photocatalysis remediation surface water

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Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2018年第1期30卷 156-173页

作者： Mingming Wang Yi Zhu Lirong Cheng bruce Andserson Xiaohui Zhao Dayang Wang Aizhong Ding College of Water sciences Beijing Normal University Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University

Biochar is a carbon-neutral or even carbon-negative material produced through thermal decomposition of plant-and animal-based biomass under oxygen-limited ***, there has been an increasing interest in the application of biochar as an adsorbent, soil ameliorant and climate mitigation approach in many types of ***-contaminated soil remediation using biochar has been intensively investigated in small-scale and pilot-scale trials with obtained beneficial results and multifaceted *** so far, the study and application of biochar in contaminated sediment management has been very limited, and this is also a worldwide problem. Nonetheless, there is reason to believe that the same multiple benefits can also be realized with these sediments due to similar mechanisms for stabilizing contaminants. This paper provides a review on current biochar properties and its use as a sorbent/amendment for metal-contaminated soil/sediment remediation and its effect on plant growth, fauna habits as well as microorganism communities. In addition, the use of biochar as a potential strategy for contaminated sediment management is also discussed, especially as regards in-situ planning. Finally, we highlight the possibility of biochar application as an effective amendment and propose further research directions to ensure the safe and sustainable use of biochar as an amendment for remediation of contaminated soil and sediment.

关键词： Biochar Metal contamination soil/sediment remediation Biological effect

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Architectural and personal influences on neishborin8 behaviors;

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 194-201页

作者： bruce K. Fersuson Derek E. Ferguson 1027 Parkview Bird Pittsburgh PA 15217 USA Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA 23284 USA

Architectural and personal influences on neighboring behaviors were studied in a residential neighborhood using both qualitative informal conversations, and systematic recording of activity in the neighborhood＇s social space. This dual approach produced new insights into neighboring behaviors and social networks. It was discovered that the residents who participated in the social space were only a portion of the resident population. There was an additional neighborhood-based network whose neighboring was not conducted in the social space; instead it was maintained by direct house-to-house contact. It was also found that some individuals chose not to participate in any neighborhood social network. The social space was an effective neighboring venue for those residents who chose to use it, but did not attract commingling of groups. Contrary to an assumption in previous neighboring research, there are social groups which develop and maintain themselves without participation in a social space.

关键词： Neighborhood social network Community Residential design shared space

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New microsome-associated HT-family proteins from Nicotiana respond to pollination and define an HT/NOD-24 protein family

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Molecular Plant 2008年第4期1卷 634-644页

作者： Katsuhiko Kondo bruce McClure Department of Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Plant Group and the Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri MI USA

HT-family proteins have been identified in Nicotiana, solanum, and Petunia. HT-B-type proteins are implicated in s-RNase-based self-incompatibility, but the functions of other family members are unknown. screening for cDNA sequences with an expression pattern similar to HT-B in Nicotiana alata revealed a new group of small HT-family proteins, designated HT-M. HT-M proteins resemble HT-B in several respects： their pistil-specific expression pattern is indistinguishable from HT-B, they pellet with a microsome fraction, and their abundance decreases after pollination. Unlike HT-B, there is no s-specificity to this response, and RNAi experiments show that HT-M proteins are not necessary for self-incompatibility. Identification of a third group of pistil-specific HT-family proteins helps better define the characteristics of the family and allowed identification of putative new family members. By searching the databases with only the most conserved HT- family sequence elements, the signal sequence and cysteine motifs, we identified nodulin-24-1ike proteins and several small glycine-rich proteins as putative HT-family members. Like HT-M and HT-B, nodulin-24 is membrane associated. We propose that the conserved features in HT-family proteins are important for targeting or modification and refer to the broader family that includes both HT- and nodulin-24-1ike proteins as the HT/NOD-24-family.

关键词： Pollination atrolysin B Family Characteristics multiple myeloma M-proteins Protein Family Family Members Proteins Nicotiana

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A sTUDY OF sTRUCTURE AND PROPERTY CHANGEs OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYGLYCOLIDE AND POLY(GLYCOLIDE-co-LACTIDE)FIBERs DURING PROCEssING AND IN VITRO DEGRADATION

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2003年第2期21卷 159-167页

作者： bruce X.Fu Benjamin s.Hsiao Gavin Chen Jack Zhou susan Lin Jenny Yuan Ilya Koyfman Dennis D Jamiolkowski Edward Dormier Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony BrookNY 11794-3400 USA Ethicon Worldwide A Johnson & Johnson Company P. O. Box 151 Somerville. New Jersey 08876-0151 USA

structure and properties of bioabsorbable polyglycolide (PGA) and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PGA-co-PLA)fibers were investigated during several industrial processing stages and in vitro degradation by means of wide-angle X-raydiffraction (WAXD), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical property tests. In the orientation stage, the PGAfibers were found to have higher degrees of crystallinity than corresponding PGA-co-PLA samples produced under similarconditions. In the hot-stretching and post-annealing stages, after fibers were braided, PGA samples were found to gain morecrystallinity and higher T_g than PGA-co-PLA samples. The higher crystallinity in PGA fibers resulted in a slower rate ofdegradation. DMA results showed that a great deal of internal stress that was built during orientation and hot-stretchingstages was released in the post-annealing stage for a1l PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples. During earlier stages of in vitrodegradation, both PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples exhibited the typical cleavage-induced crystallization mechanism. Theheat shrinkage in the glass transition area was found to disappear after 6-8 days of degradation for all PGA and PGA-co-PLAsamples, indicating the amorphous portions of the polymers lost orientation after a short period in the buffer solution, mostlikely due to relaxation of the cleaved chains.

关键词： Polyglycolide Poly(glycolide-co-lactide) Bioabsorbable Fiber processing in vitro Degradation

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smoking influences outcome in patients who had thrombolysed ischaemic stroke:the ENCHANTED study

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 395-401,I0033,I0034页

作者： Lingli sun Lili song Jie Yang Richard I Lindley Thompson Robinson Pablo M Lavados Candice Delcourt Hisatomi Arima bruce Ovbiagele John Chalmers Craig s Anderson Xia Wang The George Institute for Global Health Peking University Health Science CentreBeijingChina The George Institute for Global Health University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina Faculty of Medicine University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Department of Cardiovascular sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Cardiovascular sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Clínica Alemana de santiago Universidad del DesarrolloSantiago de ChileRegion Metropolitana de SChile Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Faculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan san Francisco VA Healthcare system University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA

Background and purpose As studies vary in defining the prognostic significance of smoking in acute ischaemic stroke(AIs),we aimed to determine the relation of smoking and key outcomes in patient participants who had thrombolysed AIs of the international quasi-factorial randomised Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis stroke study(ENCHANTED).Methods Post-hoc analyses of ENCHANTED,an international quasi-factorial randomised evaluation of intravenous alteplase-dose comparison and levels of blood pressure control in patients who had thrombolysed *** logistic regression models with inverse probability of treatment weighting(IPTW)propensity scores were used to determine associations of self-reported smoking status and clinical outcomes,according to 90-day modified Rankin scale(mRs)scores and symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage(sICH).Results Of 4540 patients who had an AIs,there were 1008(22.2%)current smokers who were younger and predominantly male,with more comorbidities of hypertension,coronary artery disease,atrial fibrillation and diabetes mellitus,and greater baseline neurological impairment,compared with *** univariate analysis,current smokers had a higher likelihood of a favourable shift in mRs scores(OR 0.88,95%CI 0.77 to 0.99;p=0.038)but this association reversed in a fully adjusted model with IPTW(adjusted OR 1.15,95%CI 1.04 to 1.28;p=0.009).A similar trend was also apparent for dichotomised poor outcome(mRs scores 2–6:OR 1.18,95%CI 1.05 to 1.33;p=0.007),but not with the risk of sICH across standard *** smoking predicts poor functional recovery in patients who had thrombolysed *** registration number NCT01422616.

关键词： patients smoke acute

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Pseudocapacitive Vanadium-based Materials toward High-Rate sodium-Ion storage

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2020年第3期3卷 221-234页

作者： Qiulong Wei Ryan H.De Block Danielle M.Butts Christopher Choi bruce Dunn Department of Materials science and Engineering Fujian Key Laboratory of Materials GenomeCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen Fujian 361005China National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate U.S.Naval Research LaboratoryWashington DC 20375USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles CA 90095–1595USA

sodium-ion battery materials and devices are promising candidates for largescale applications,owing to the abundance and low cost of sodium *** sodium-ion pseudocapacitive materials provide one approach for achieving high capacity at high rates,but are currently not well ***,a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and electrochemical behaviors of vanadium-based pseudocapacitive materials for sodium-ion storage is *** insight of sodium-ion storage mechanisms for various vanadium-based materials,including vanadium oxides,vanadates,vanadium sulfides,nitrides,and carbides are systematically discussed and *** particular,areas for further development to improve fundamental understanding of electrochemical and structural properties of materials are ***,we provide a perspective on the application of pseudocapacitive materials in high-power and high-energy sodium-ion storage devices(e.g.,sodium-ion capacitors).

关键词： charge-storage mechanism nanomaterials pseudocapacitance sodium-ion capacitors vanadium-based materials

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha samuel Yoffe Lance Labun stephen Milton Edward McCary Michael M.spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette Erhart Gaul scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire sandra bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA sUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

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Frontiers of Environmental science & Engineering 2017年第6期11卷 129-138页

作者： Lifeng Cao Weihua sun Yuting Zhang shimin Feng Jinyun Dong Yongming Zhang bruce E. Rittmann Department of Environmental science and Engineering College of Life and Environmental Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Biodesign swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5701 USA

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol （TCP） coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction ofTCP together with nitrate, TCP＇s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol· L^-1 to 0.5 mmol· L^-1 and to 0.76 mmol· L^-1 For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration （Ks value）, and Ks values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in Ks are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

关键词： Competition for electrons Denitrification Reductive dechlorination Bioremediation Nitrate 2 4 6-trichlorophenol

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球形压痕的残余变形分析(英文)

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实验力学 2007年第3期22卷 314-322页

作者：冯传玉 bruce s.-J.Kang 西弗吉尼亚大学机械与航空工程系

球形压痕技术在材料力学属性,诸如硬度,弹性模量等的测量中得到了广泛的应用。应用Twyman-Green及云纹干涉法并配合相移技术,本文对IN783合金进行了一系列的球形压痕实验研究,并对残余压痕的面内(u, v)及离面( w)变形场进行了定量测量... 详细信息

球形压痕技术在材料力学属性,诸如硬度,弹性模量等的测量中得到了广泛的应用。应用Twyman-Green及云纹干涉法并配合相移技术,本文对IN783合金进行了一系列的球形压痕实验研究,并对残余压痕的面内(u, v)及离面( w)变形场进行了定量测量和分析。应用面内变形测量结果,进一步对试件表面的应力-应变分布进行了分析和计算,并在离面变形场的基础上,确立了压痕周围的弹塑性边界,从而进一步应用面内的分析结果,得到材料的屈服强度。应用压痕实验的接触半径和压力并配合Tabor经验公式,本文进一步得到了材料的应力应变曲线。实验结果与已知的IN783合金相吻合。对所涉及的一系列压痕实验,本文也进行了二维有限元分析并得到了比较一致的结果。

关键词：球形压痕残余变形屈服强度 Twyman-Green干涉法干涉云纹

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