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comparison of Wheat Yield Simulated Using Three N cycling Options in the SWAT Model

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第8期8卷 197-211页

作者： Elizabeth brooke Haney Richard Lee Haney Michael James White Jeffrey George Arnold Texas AgriLife Research and Extension center Texas A & M University Temple USA USDA-ARS Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory Temple USA

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model has been successfully used to predict alterations in streamflow, evapotranspiration and soil water;however, it is not clear how effective or accurate SWAT is at predicting crop growth. Previous research suggests that while the hydrologic balance in each watershed is accurately simulated with SWAT, the SWAT model over or under predicts crop yield relative to fertilizer inputs. The SWAT model now has three alternative N simulation options: 1) SWAT model with an added flush of N (SWAT-flush);2) N routines derived from the cENTURY model (SWAT-c);and 3) a one-pool c and N model (SWAT-One). The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of SWAT-flush, SWAT-c, and SWAT-One as they affect wheat yield prediction. Simulated yields were compared to wheat yields in a 28-year fertilizer/wheat yield study in Lahoma, OK. Simulated yields were correlated with actual 28-year mean yield;however, none of the available N cycling models predicted yearly yields. SWAT-c simulated average yields were closer than other N sub-models to average actual yield. Annually there was a stronger correlation between SWAT-flush and actual yields than the other submodels. However, none of the N-cycling routines were able to accurately predict annual variability in yield at any fertilizer rate. We found that SWAT-c or SWAT-flush are the most viable choices for accurately simulating long-term average wheat yields although annual variations in yield prediction should be taken into consideration. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of SWAT-c and SWAT-flush in determining average and annual yield in various farming regions and with numerous agronomic crops.

关键词： SWAT Model Yield Prediction

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通过营养调节免疫(续完)

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2013年第10期33卷 62-64页

作者： Kirk c.Klasing brooke D.Humphrey 张江(译) 美国加州大学动物科学系不详

上一期回顾：上期文章介绍营养素可通过多种机制影响免疫力，包括：作为免疫系统的底物；调节白细胞的信号传递；影响激素环境；影响肠动力学以及为病原体提供关键的营养成分，通过对营养和免疫应答之间相互作用的了解，营养学家和生产... 详细信息

上一期回顾：上期文章介绍营养素可通过多种机制影响免疫力，包括：作为免疫系统的底物；调节白细胞的信号传递；影响激素环境；影响肠动力学以及为病原体提供关键的营养成分，通过对营养和免疫应答之间相互作用的了解，营养学家和生产商就能够制定出饲喂策略，在获得最高生产力和动物福利的同时，最大程度地减少传染病的发生。

关键词：营养素调节免疫免疫系统信号传递营养成分相互作用免疫应答饲喂策略

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我的身后之事

疯狂英语（阅读版） 2014年第7期 46-49页

作者： brooke Borel 金茨

当玛丽·c·威尔逊和格洛里亚·斯泰纳姆发起妇女基金会的“带女儿上班日”运动时，那是1993年，我正读七年级，该运动旨在向我们这些年轻女性展示在我们的性别与躯体之外，存在着一个巨大、广阔的世界。

关键词：年轻女性基金会威尔逊七年级运动

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发现第七颗斯万彗星

天文爱好者 2006年第1期 31-31页

作者： Rob matson 赵晋(译) 不详杭州高级中学天文社

2005年10月23日-新SOHO/SWAN彗星发现公告！SOHO太阳探测器上SWAN摄像机发现了它的第七颗彗星。MPEc 2005-U19已经通告c/2005 T4（SWAN）彗星的发现，这也是近两个月来SWAN摄像机发现的第二颗彗星。不像LAScO[通摄]发现的彗星，所有的S... 详细信息

2005年10月23日-新SOHO/SWAN彗星发现公告！SOHO太阳探测器上SWAN摄像机发现了它的第七颗彗星。MPEc 2005-U19已经通告c/2005 T4（SWAN）彗星的发现，这也是近两个月来SWAN摄像机发现的第二颗彗星。不像LAScO[通摄]发现的彗星，所有的SWAN彗星不属于任何已知的彗星群。Rob matson和Michael Mattiazo共同发现了这颗彗星，以下是由Rob matson关于本次发现的情况的具体介绍：

关键词：彗星 Michael SWAN 太阳探测器 SOHO MPEc 摄像机

Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary:the case of chesapeake Bay

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第7期3卷 14-34页

作者： Thomas M.Arnold Richard c.Zimmerman Katharina A.M.Engelhardt J.court Stevenson Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies Dickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA Department of Ocean Earth and Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMDUSA

Introduction:The chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV).However,only 10%of the original meadows *** restoration effortswill be complicated by accelerating climate change,including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2-6℃and a 50-160%increase in cO_(2)***:As the chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary,summer heat waves will become more frequent and *** alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass(Zostera marina)from the *** will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass(Ruppia maritima)while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses(e.g.,Halodule spp.).Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high cO_(2)/low pH conditions may benefit SAV via a“cO_(2)fertilization effect.”Discussion:Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries,assuming water clarity is sufficient to support cO_(2)-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by ***,coastal zone acidification is variable,driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional *** precarious equipoise between two forces-thermal stress and acidification-will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as Zostera marina in the chesapeake ***:The combined impacts of warming,coastal zone acidification,water clarity,and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.

关键词： Submerged aquatic vegetation climate temperature coastal acidification chesapeake Bay

提供给热带森林管理的地方知识:植物次生化学节律和月亮周期的关系

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2002年第6期31卷 485-490页

作者： Kristiina A.Vogt KarenH.Beard Shira Hammann Jennifer O'Hara Palmiotto Daniel J.Vogt Frederick N Scatena brooke P.Hecht 王胜华盛顿大学犹他州立大学于康涅狄格新港耶鲁大学于康涅狄格新港耶鲁森林和环境研究学院森林资源学院宾夕法尼亚州大学耶鲁大学

本研究运用满月时收获非木材林产品的当地实践知识,来证明控制叶片分解速率的化学物质随月亮周期而波动,并且这种现象可能已发展为一种植物—食草动物之间的相互关系。当地知识认为,满月期收获的叶片更为耐用。满月期收获的棕榈叶片具... 详细信息

本研究运用满月时收获非木材林产品的当地实践知识,来证明控制叶片分解速率的化学物质随月亮周期而波动,并且这种现象可能已发展为一种植物—食草动物之间的相互关系。当地知识认为,满月期收获的叶片更为耐用。满月期收获的棕榈叶片具有较高的总碳量、半纤维素和碳化合物,而钙的浓度则较低。这些化学上的变化使棕榈叶在满月收获时对食草动物不太敏感且更为耐用。本研究提出了热带植物减少食叶动物食用及影响衰老叶片的分解速度和耐用性(尤其在满月期)的作用机制。本研究认为森林经营中有必要利用天然的生命周期,并为当地人的收获实践提供了科学依据。

关键词：热带森林植物次生化学节律月亮周期叶片分解速率森林管理森林经营

Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment *** deployment,Afghanistan,2013-2014

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Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 207-215页

作者： Shawn M.Varney Patrick c.Ng crystal A.Perez Allyson A.Arana Edwin R.Austin Rosemarie G.Ramos Vikhyat S.Bebartas University of Texas Health Science center San Antonio 7709Floyd Curl DrSan AntonioTX 78229USA San Antonio Military Medical center 3551Roger Brooke DriveSan AntonioTX 78234USA Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug center Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverCOUSA U.S.Army Institute of Surgical Research USAF En Route Care Research Center3698Chambers Pass STE BJBSA Ft Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine13001E 17th PlaceAuroraCO 80045USA

Background: Dietary supplement use(protein/amino acids, weight-loss supplements, performance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. Reported dietary supplement use in deployed troops is limited and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high ambient temperatures, increased physical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplement use and adverse events(AEs) among deployed U.S. service members compared with their pre-deployment ***: We conducted an institutional review board(IRB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demographic information, dietary supplement use before and during deployment, AEs associated with supplement use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. military personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during deployment changes for continuous data, and Mc Nemar's chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression models to determine the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplement use, with demographic information, reasons for using supplements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5%(Pcollected on 1685 participants. Ninety-seven of the participants were in the Army or Air Force. The participants were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during deployment. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplement use before or during deployment. The remaining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplements(e.g., daily) during deployment compared with predeployment. Additionally, more pe

关键词： Military Dietary supplement Workout Exercise Adverse events

肛周脓肿:脓腔填充与非填充治疗的初步对比研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 17-17页

作者： Tonkin D.M. Murphy E. brooke-Smith M. 王志宇 36 Hobsons Place Adelaide SA5000 Australia

PURPOSE: Perianal sepsis is traditionally treated by incision and drainage, wi th packing of the residual cavity until healing. This study was designed to show that perianal abscess may be safely treated by incision and drainage alone. MET HODS: Healing times, analgesic requirements, pain scores, abscess recurrence, an d fistula rates were compared between two randomized groups treated with and wit hout packing of perianal abscess cavities. RESULTS: Fifty patients were recruite d (7 lost to follow-up): 20 in the packing and 23 in the nonpacking arm. The gr oups were comparable in terms of age and gender distribution, type and size of a bscess, and the presence of a fistula at operation. Mean healing times were simi lar (P = 0.214). The rate of abscess recurrence was similar (P = 0.61). Postoper ative fistula rates were similar (P = 0.38). Pain scores at the first dressing c hange were similar (P = 0.296). Although pain scores appeared much reduced in th e nonpacking arm, this did not attain statistical significance. cONcLUSIONS: Our pilot study indicates that perianal abscesses can be managed safely without con tinued packing of the cavity without any obvious complications.

关键词：肛周脓肿引流法切开引流术瘘管形成复发率术后瘘形成率镇痛药

博物馆策展人:学者艺术鉴赏家展览组织者——屈志仁先生专访

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东南文化 2011年第1期 16-22页

作者：屈志仁毛颖大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部南京博物院江苏南京210016

博物馆策展人的素质与能力是博物馆陈列展览特别是专题展览成功的关键因素之一。美国大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部主任、国际著名博物馆策展人屈志仁先生以"忽必烈的时代"展为例指出:博物馆策展人应同时具备学者、艺术鉴赏家与展览组织... 详细信息

博物馆策展人的素质与能力是博物馆陈列展览特别是专题展览成功的关键因素之一。美国大都会艺术博物馆亚洲艺术部主任、国际著名博物馆策展人屈志仁先生以"忽必烈的时代"展为例指出:博物馆策展人应同时具备学者、艺术鉴赏家与展览组织者的素质与能力,通晓与展览有关的历史学、艺术史、文化史及文物与博物馆学等学科知识,组织、协调从研究策划、选取展品到展览开放、出版成果乃至配合实施教育计划等展览的全过程,以确保展览的成功,而博物馆亦将籍此推进学术研究,履行教育职责,更好地为公众服务。

关键词：博物馆策展人素质与能力 “忽必烈的时代:中国元代艺术”展屈志仁