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Breaking down a gut-to-brain circuit that prevents malabsorption

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第6期44卷 1121-1121页

作者： brooke c Jarvie Department of Physiology University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94158 USA

The ileal brake is an important reflex that ensures proper absorption of nutrients.This involves intestinal GLP-1 release,which recruits an enteric-sympathetic-spinal pathway to inhibit gastric motility and appetite.T... 详细信息

关键词： absorption sympathetic motility

Advanced bioactive glue tethering Lubricin/PRG4 to promote integrated healing of avascular meniscus tears

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 61-73页

作者： Solaiman Tarafder Jaskirti Ghataure David Langford Rachel brooke Ryunhyung Kim Samantha Lewis Eyen Julian Bensadoun Jeffrey T.Felix James L.cook chang H.Lee Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Columbia University Medical Center630 W.168 St.-VC12-212New YorkNY10032USA Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics Missouri Orthopedic InstituteUniversity of Missouri1100 Virginia AvenueColumbi1MO65212USA

Meniscus injuries are extremely common with approximately one million patients undergoing surgical treatment annually in the U.S. alone, but no regenerative therapy exist. Previously, we showed that controlled applications of connective tissue growth factor (cTGF) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) via fibrin-based bio-glue facilitate meniscus healing by inducing recruitment and stepwise differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Here, we first explored the potential of genipin, a natural crosslinker, to enhance fibrin-based glue’s mechanical and degradation properties. In parallel, we identified the harmful effects of lubricin on meniscus healing and investigated the mechanism of lubricin deposition on the injured meniscus surface. We found that the pre-deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the torn meniscus surface mediates lubricin deposition. Then we implemented chemical modifications with heparin conjugation and cD44 on our bioactive glue to achieve strong initial bonding and integration of lubricin pre-coated meniscal tissues. Our data suggested that heparin conjugation significantly enhances lubricin-coated meniscal tissues. Similarly, cD44, exhibiting a strong binding affinity to lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA), further improved the integrated healing of HA/lubricin pre-coated meniscus injuries. These findings may represent an important foundation for developing a translational bio-active glue guiding the regenerative healing of meniscus injuries.

关键词： Knee meniscus Bioactive glue Stem cell recruitment Lubricin

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient identifies patients with previously undiagnosed clinically significant portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension & cirrhosis 2024年第2期3卷 67-74页

作者： Jerome c.Edelson Scott F.D.Edelson John G.Quiles cyrus V.Edelson Eric M.Montminy christian L.Horn John P.Magulick Don c.Rockey Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA Department of Medicine Brooke Army Medical CenterFort Sam HoustonTexasUSA John H.Stroger Jr.Hospital of cook county ChicagoIllinoisUSA Digestive Disease Research center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Aims:Portal hypertension(PH)is a complication of cirrhosis that leads to hepatic decompensation.Assessing the portal pressure gradient(PPG)provides valuable information for disease assessment,staging,and prognosis.In this study,we aimed to report the utilization of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided PPG(EUS-PPG)measurements in a real-world setting.Methods:This retrospective analysis included patients at a tertiary care center who underwent EUS-PPG between February 2021 and May 2022.The most common indication was to establish or exclude the diagnosis of cirrhosis,followed by an assessment of surgical risk in the setting of suspected cirrhosis.Extensive demographic and clinical data were collected,and statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test.Results:Eighteen patients underwent EUS-PPG.Technical success was achieved in 17 of the 18 patients.No complications were observed.The mean scores of child-Pugh,Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium,and Fibrosis-4 scores were 5.1±0.5,9.0±3.0,and 3.7±4.5,respectively.Of the 18 patients,two presented with esophageal varices and six with portal hypertensive gastropathy.The mean PPG was 5.8±4.5 mmHg,and five patients exhibited clinically significant PH(cSPH).Of the 18 patients,15 underwent concurrent EUS-liver biopsy,which was 100%successful and provided diagnostic histology for all patients.The PPG data led to changes in the clinical management of 17 patients.conclusions:EUS-PPG is safe and technically feasible.The child-Pugh score did not correlate well with the presence of cSPH;however,PPG measurements resulted in changes in the management of almost all patients.Larger studies correlating EUS-PPG with other assessments of liver diseases are required.

关键词： EUS portal hypertension portal pressure gradient

critical thinking / 7th ed.

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Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework

2004年

作者： brooke Noel Moore Richard Parker.

Includes index.

ISBN: (数字)0072818816

ISBN: (纸本)0072818816

Includes index.

关键词： critical thinking.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1080-1082页

作者： Harvey Locke Erle c.Ellis Oscar Venter Richard Schuster Keping Ma Xiaoli Shen Stephen Woodley Naomi Kingston Nina Bhola Bernardo B.N.Strassburg Axel Paulsch brooke Williams James E.M.Watson Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUcN World commission on Protected Areas and Yellowstone to Yukon conservation Initiative Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology Carleton University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences IUcN World commission on Protected Areas UN Environment Programme World conservation Monitoring centre UNEP-WcMc

’Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide’ [1].The United Nations convention on Biological Diversity(cBD) is intended to ensure conservation of biodiversity,its wise use, and sharing of benefits from use of genetic resources. Through

关键词： Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use an implementation framework

Benefits of the use of blood conservation in scoliosis surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第12期7卷 808-813页

作者： Peter R Loughenbury Lyeanda Berry Ben T brooke Abhay S Rao Robert A Dunsmuir Peter A Millner Department of Neurosciences Leeds General Infirmary

AIM To investigate whether autologous blood transfusion(ABT) drains and intra-operative cell salvage reduced donor blood transfusion requirements during scoliosis surgery.METHODS Retrospective data collection on transfusion requirements of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery is between January 2006 and March 2010. There were three distinct phases of transfusion practice over this time: Group A received "traditional treatment" with allogeneic red cell transfusion(ARcT) in response to an intra- or postoperative anaemia(Hb c anaemia); Group B received intra-operative cell salvage in addition to "traditional treatment". In group c,ABT wound drains were used together with both intra-operative cell salvage and "traditional treatment".RESULTS Data from 97 procedures on 77 patients,there was no difference in mean preoperative haemoglobin levels between the groups(A: 13.1 g/d L; B: 13.49 g/d L; c: 13.66 g/d L). Allogeneic red cell transfusion was required for 22 of the 37 procedures(59%) in group A,17 of 30(57%) in group B and 16 of 30(53%) in group c. There was an overall 6% reduction in the proportion of patients requiring an ARcT between groups A and c but this was not statistically significant(χ2 = 0.398). Patientsin group c received fewer units(mean 2.19) than group B(mean 2.94)(P = 0.984) and significantly fewer than those in group A(mean 3.82)(P = 0.0322). Mean length of inpatient stay was lower in group c(8.65 d) than in groups B(12.83) or A(12.62).cONcLUSION When used alongside measures to minimise blood loss during surgery,ABT drains and intra-operative cell salvage leads to a reduced need for donor blood transfusion in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

关键词： Blood conservation Scoliosis Autologous blood cell salvage Transfusion

Resilience of Bottomland Hardwood Stands Following Agricultural Use on the Santee Experimental Forest

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 717-726页

作者： brooke J. czwartacki carl c. Trettin center for Forested Wetland Research Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA center for Forested Wetland Research Southern Research Station USDA Forest Service Cordesville USA.

Resilience is a key function that affects an ecosystem’s ability to recover from disturbance. Understanding the extent to which forest communities recover after a long period of disturbance without direct intervention is important to provide context for considering ecosystem response to disturbance regimes. Species composition and structure were recorded on bottomland hardwood stands that were once inland and freshwater tidal rice fields. We sampled 17 old-field sites and 7 reference sites across three geomorphic settings. The old-field sites ranged from 30 to 120 years since agricultural abandonment. A total of 89 species were found across the old field sites and reference sample areas. Of that total, trees comprised 33 species, shrubs—5 species, and vine/herbs/forbs—51 species. Using field data, combined with stand inventory records, aerial photography (1936-2010), and high-resolution LiDAR imagery, we chronicled the evolution of the forest since the cessation of agriculture. Our findings demonstrate how Pinus taeda seeded directly after the rice fields went to fallow;and this conversion of bottomland swamp to rice to pine was a direct result of water management embankments constructed across the landscape to aid in crop irrigation. The remnant water management features may still alter flooding patterns thereby affecting development of Taxodium distichum and Nyssa aquatica in the old-fields. These results suggest, that over the 100+ years forest stands on the Santee Experimental Forest have developed to represent bottomland hardwoods characteristic of the southeastern United States coastal plain.

关键词： Bottomland Hardwoods Old-Field Succession Rice cultivation Resilience Santee Experimental Forest

colonoscopy surveillance for high risk polyps does not always prevent colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第8期24卷 905-916页

作者： Mohamad A Mouchli Lidia Ouk Marianne R Scheitel Alisha P chaudhry Donna Felmlee-Devine Diane E Grill Shahrooz Rashtak Panwen Wang Junwen Wang Rajeev chaudhry Thomas c Smyrk Ann L Oberg brooke R Druliner Lisa A Boardman Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Knowledge and Delivery center Mayo Clinic Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Health Science Research Center for Individualized Medicine Mayo Clinic Department of Biomedical Informatics Arizona State University Primary care Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic center for Innovation Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic

AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(cRc) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). METHODS Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for cRc were excluded from the study. Factors associated with cRc developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. RESULTS84/4610(1.8%) patients developed cRc at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years(mean 4.89 years), and 1.2%(54/4610) developed cRc in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years(mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30%(25/84) of patients who developed cRc at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8%(15/54) of patients who developed cRc at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for cRc developmentat the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for cRc development at a different site. cONcLUSION Recognition that cRc may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of cRc related morbidity and mortality.

关键词： colon cancer Rectal cancer Advanced adenoma Sessile serrated adenoma High risk polyps Post-polypectomy colorectal cancer

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碳化钽粉末的爆炸成形方法

材料工程 2007年第Z1期35卷 127-130页

作者：徐磊 B.S.Majumdar Darrell Marchant Lawrence matson 青岛科技大学材料科学与工程学院青岛266042 Dept.of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology PRSM Bldg.845110 E Saturn BoulevardEdwards Air Force Base Wright Patterson Air Force Base Materials Directorate

碳化钽熔点为3880℃,是地球上第二高熔点的物质.其抗腐蚀性能优越,在航空领域有广阔的应用空间.但是传统的材料加工方法,比如热压或者热等静压,会导致晶粒快速长大而得到低的断裂韧性.本文利用爆破方法来克服晶粒长大问题,得到强度和断... 详细信息

碳化钽熔点为3880℃,是地球上第二高熔点的物质.其抗腐蚀性能优越,在航空领域有广阔的应用空间.但是传统的材料加工方法,比如热压或者热等静压,会导致晶粒快速长大而得到低的断裂韧性.本文利用爆破方法来克服晶粒长大问题,得到强度和断裂韧性高的碳化钽.碳化钽颗粒直径小于3μm,组成晶粒为0.5～1μm,填充到双层钢管进行爆炸处理.在钢管的底部发现碳化钽试样几乎达到理论密度,但是该区域裂纹较多,硬度测得为15 GPa,和文献报道的碳化钽理论硬度相同.在钢管的中部的试样密度为理论密度的85%,这个区域没有发现裂纹.之后的旨在提高试样密度热处理中,发现了其烧结特征发生改善.经分析是因为爆炸使碳化钽粉末的颗粒内部产生内应力,而使其扩散激活能降低的结果.

关键词：碳化钽爆炸成形