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New technologies to investigate the brain-gut axis

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 182-191页

作者： Abhishek Sharma Dina Lelic Christina brock Peter Paine Qasim Aziz Department of Gastrointestinal Science University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom Neurogastro-enterology Group Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry London E1 2AJ United Kingdom Mech-Sense Department of Gastroenterology Aalborg Hospital Boulevarden 13 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark

Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetoencephalography, and Electroencephalography （EEG）. Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways （primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission）, brainimaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the phenotypic differences that determine an individual＇s response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual＇s psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic profile to define phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut inflammation or injury.

关键词： Brain-gut axis Central processing Neuraxis Neurophysiology

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A Mathematical Model of Breast Cancer and Mediated Immune System Interactions

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2012年第7期2卷 430-446页

作者： Kodwo Annan Mickayla Nagel Hannibel A. brock Department of Mathematics & Computer Science Minot State University Minot 58707 United States Department of Science Minot State University Minot 58707 United States

Mathematical model that describes breast cancer and immune interactions were presented using system of differential equations to provide analytic and nnmeric framework of cancer-immune dynamics. Four types of immune cells-CTLs （cytotoxic T lymphocytes）, macrophages, NK （natural killer） and helper T cells-known to play the most significant roles in developing breast cancer immunity were modeled using differential equations. The model was then applied to different cancer growth rates and simulated using MATLAB software tool. The parameters of the model were based on experimental and clinical results from published articles. Results supported clinical studies that maximal breast cancer immunity depends mostly on each of the four immune cell types chosen. It was observed that for a given breast cancer growth rate, there was an optimal activation that maximized the response of the immune system. The effectiveness of the immune system resulted in the decrease in breast cancer killing rates. These results highlighted the importance of immune system activations in breast cancer development and treatment. Therefore, the model and its simulation provided a robust framework to better understand breast cancer progression and response to the immune system.

关键词： Breast cancer immune system mathematical model.

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丹麦肉鸡业面临的机遇与挑战

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世界农业 2013年第9期 153-155页

作者： Fabian brocktter 叶岚中国农业出版社

丹麦的肉鸡业被看做是整个北欧肉鸡业的标杆,它的强大在于其规模的可控性。有许多经验值得中国学习。但同时,丹麦肉鸡产业也面临许多问题,如鸡的福利问题、抗生素使用问题等,因此丹麦肉鸡产业是机遇与挑战并存。

关键词：丹麦肉鸡业机遇挑战

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Epigenetic silencing of BEND4,a novel DNA damage repair gene,is a synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in pancreatic cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第4期18卷 721-734页

作者： Yuanxin Yao Honghui Lv Meiying Zhang Yuan Li James G.Herman Malcolm V.brock Aiai Gao Qian Wang Francois Fuks Lirong Zhang Mingzhou Guo Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Henan Institute of Advanced Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA15213USA Department of surgery School of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21287USA Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Faculty of MedicineULB-Cancer Research Center(U-CRC)Universite Libre de Bruxelles(ULB)Brussels1070Belgium National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing100853China

Synthetic lethality is a novel model for cancer *** understand the function and mechanism of BEN domain-containing protein 4(BEND4)in pancreatic cancer,eight cell lines and a total of 492 cases of pancreatic neoplasia samples were included in this ***-specific polymerase chain reaction,CRISPR/Cas9,immunoprecipitation assay,comet assay,and xenograft mouse model were ***4 is a new member of the BEN domain *** expression of BEND4 is regulated by promoter region *** is methylated in 58.1%(176/303)of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC),33.3%(14/42)of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,31.0%(13/42)of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor,14.3%(3/21)of mucinous cystic neoplasm,4.3%(2/47)of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm,and 2.7%(1/37)of serous cystic ***4 methylation is significantly associated with late-onset PDAC(>50 years,P<0.01)and tumor differentiation(P<0.0001),and methylation of BEND4 is an independent poor prognostic marker(P<0.01)in ***,BEND4 plays tumor-suppressive roles in vitro and in ***,BEND4 involves non-homologous end joining signaling by interacting with Ku80 and promotes DNA damage *** of BEND4 increased the sensitivity of PDAC cells to ATM ***,the present study revealed an uncharacterized tumor suppressor BEND4 and indicated that methylation of BEND4 may serve as a potential synthetic lethal marker for ATM inhibitor in PDAC treatment.

关键词： BEND4 DNA methylation synthetic lethality NHEJ pathway

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The importance of small decisions

The importance of small decisions

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作者： Michael J. O'Brien R. Alexander Bentley and William A. brock.

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Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Rinse vs. Standard of Care for Mitigating Mucositis in Head and Neck Chemoradiation

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2018年第3期9卷 262-267页

作者： Justin brock Chris Morris Kathleen Hotze Brian Pikkula Katy Center for Oral and Facial Surgery Katy TX USA Forward Science Stafford TX USA

Introduction: Oral mucositis (OM) can have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, pain and treatment costs. Almost all patients receiving head and neck chemoradiation develop OM. Patients and Methods: Twenty patients were evaluated retrospectively for OM when undergoing head and neck chemoradiation. The control, soda/salt rinse, was compared to a powdered supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse (SSCPR), SalivaMAX. Results: The SSCPR group experienced a delay in the onset of OM, which was not statistically significant, and a marked reduction in peak OM that was statistically significant (p > 0.001). Conclusion: This retrospective study demonstrates that a powdered SSCPR is a safe and effective method of oral mucositis mitigation.

关键词： Oral Mucositis Health Care Cost WHO OM Scale

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High-speed identification of suspended carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy and deep learning

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 259-267页

作者： Jian Zhang Mickael L.Perrin Luis Barba Jan Overbeck Seoho Jung brock Grassy Aryan Agal Rico Muff Rolf Brönnimann Miroslav Haluska Cosmin Roman Christofer Hierold Martin Jaggi Michel Calame Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces EmpaSwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyCH-8600 DübendorfSwitzerland Machine Learning and Optimization Laboratory School of Computer and Communication SciencesEPFLCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Physics and Swiss Nanoscience Institute University of BaselCH-4056 BaselSwitzerland Micro-and Nanosystems Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringETH ZurichCH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland

The identification of nanomaterials with the properties required for energy-efficient electronic systems is usually a tedious human task.A workflow to rapidly localize and characterize nanomaterials at the various stages of their integration into large-scale fabrication processes is essential for quality control and,ultimately,their industrial *** this work,we develop a high-throughput approach to rapidly identify suspended carbon nanotubes(CNTs)by using high-speed Raman imaging and deep learning *** for Raman spectra with extremely low signal-to-noise ratios(SNRs)of 0.9,we achieve a classification accuracy that exceeds 90%,while it reaches 98%for an SNR of *** applying a threshold on the output of the softmax layer of an optimized convolutional neural network(CNN),we further increase the accuracy of the ***,we propose an optimized Raman scanning strategy to minimize the acquisition time while simultaneously identifying the position,amount,and metallicity of CNTs on each *** approach can readily be extended to other types of nanomaterials and has the potential to be integrated into a production line to monitor the quality and properties of nanomaterials during fabrication.

关键词： carbon suspended speed

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Numerical Experiments Using MATLAB: Superconvergence of Conforming Finite, Element Approximation for Second Order, Elliptic Problems

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Applied Mathematics 2018年第6期9卷 691-701页

作者： Anna Harris Stephen Harris Camille Gardner Tyrone brock Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine Bluff USA US Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicology Research Jefferson USA

The superconvergence in the finite element method is a phenomenon in which the finite element approximation converges to the exact solution at a rate higher than the optimal order error estimate. Wang proposed and analyzed superconvergence of the conforming finite element method by L2-projections. The goal of this paper is to perform numerical experiments using MATLAB to support and to verify the theoretical results in Wang for the superconvergence of the conforming finite element method (CFEM) for the second order elliptic problems by L2-projection methods. MATLAB codes are published at https://***/annaleeharris/Superconvergence-CFEM for anyone to use and to study.

关键词： Conforming Finite Element Methods Superconvergence L2-Projection Second Order Elliptic Equationm MATLAB

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Modelling the impact of antimalarial quality on the transmission of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第2期2卷 161-187页

作者： Aleisha R.brock Joshua V.Ross Scott Greenhalgh David P.Durham Alison Galvani Sunil Parikh Adrian Esterman School of Nursing&Midwifery University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia School of Mathematical Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Department of Mathematics and Statistics Queen's UniversityKingstonONCanada Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUSA Yale School of Public Health New HavenCTUSA Sansom Institute for Research Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia

Background:The use of poor quality antimalarial medicines,including the use of nonrecommended medicines for treatment such as sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine(SP)monotherapy,undermines malaria control and elimination ***,the use of subtherapeutic doses of the active ingredient(s)can theoretically promote the emergence and transmission of drug resistant ***:We developed a deterministic compartmental model to quantify the impact of antimalarial medicine quality on the transmission of SP resistance,and validated it using sensitivity analysis and a comparison with data from Kenya collected in *** modelled human and mosquito population dynamics,incorporating two Plasmodium falciparum subtypes(SP-sensitive and SP-resistant)and both poor quality and good quality(artemether-lumefantrine)antimalarial ***:The model predicted that an increase in human malaria cases,and among these,an increase in the proportion of SP-resistant infections,resulted from an increase in poor quality SP antimalarial use,whether it was full-or half-dose SP ***:Our findings suggest that an increase in poor quality antimalarial use predicts an increase in the transmission of *** highlights the need for stricter control and regulation on the availability and use of poor quality antimalarial medicines,in order to offer safe and effective treatments,and work towards the eradication of malaria.

关键词： Deterministic compartmental model Falsified antimalarial medicine Substandard antimalarial treatments Antimalarial quality Plasmodium falciparum malaria Drug resistance

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Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS Princeton L.VAUGHN Cece COLWELL Ethan H.LIVINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHILL Dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGLOFF Kinsey M.brock Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

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