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Contrasting Historical and Recent Breakup Styles on the Meade River of Arctic Alaska in the Context of a Warming Climate

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American Journal of Climate Change 2013年第2期2卷 165-172页

作者： Richard A. Beck Kenneth M. Hinkel Wendy R. Eisner Douglas Whiteman Christopher D. Arp Richard Machida Chris Cuomo Hongxing Liu Changjoo Kim Andrew J. Rettig Chantal Ivenso Bo Yang Qiusheng Wu Haibin Su Shujie Wang Karen Frey John D. Lenters brittany L. Potter Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Atqasuk USA Department of Geography Clark University Worcester USA Department of Geography University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA Department of GeogSchool of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA raphy Clark University Worcester USA Department of Philosophy University of Georgia Athens USA Department of Physics and Geosciences Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville USA Information Technology University of Alaska at Fairbanks Fairbanks USA School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska at Lincoln Lincoln USA Water and Environmental Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks USA

Although data for temporal spring river ice breakup are available for a number of Arctic rivers, there is a paucity of information related to the type of breakup. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) of 2005 predicted a transition from mechanical to thermal spring breakup of ice cover on arctic rivers, with this shift being greatest in exclusively Arctic watersheds where observed warming is most pronounced. We describe a rare instance of an entirely Arctic river with limited but well documented historical and recent data regarding the type of breakup. Time-series ground imagery of spring breakup from 1966, 1975, 1978, 2009, 2010 and 2012, incombination with interviews of local inhabitants, documents a shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup after spring 1978 and by spring 2009 within the context of a locally and regionally warming Arctic. The resultant shift from predominantly mechanical to predominantly thermal breakup is predicted to result in significant changes to water, sediment, nutrient and organic carbon fluxes, as well as riparian ecology and human activities.

关键词： Arctic Alaska Climate Change Meade River Thermal Breakup Mechanical Breakup ice Snow

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