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Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Honeybees and Its Antibacterial Potential

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 77-92页

作者： Akamu J. Ewunkem Niore’s Johnson A’lyiha F. Beard Ilunga Tshimanga brittany Justice Jeffery Meixner Department of Biological Sciences Winston Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA Department of Clinical Science and Laboratory Science Winston Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA

Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are important pollinators of flowering plants and agricultural crops contributing annually to billions of dollars in revenues to crop production. Honeybees have an average lifespan between 8 weeks to 5 years. Dead honeybees are abundantly available in beehives and can be utilized as an alternative source to synthesize nanoparticles. In recent years, biologically synthesized nanoparticles have been preferred over their chemical counterparts. However, honeybee-based-green synthesis of nanoparticles has not been explored yet. Herein, we report the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from honeybees and its antibacterial activity. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was monitored visually through a gradual change in color. Furthermore, the biosynthesized nanoparticles were confirmed and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. Scanning Electron Microscope was utilized to analyze the average size and morphologies of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. Subsequently, the antibacterial potential of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. It was found that a distinct color change from yellow to brown in the reaction solution suggested the formation of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited absorption maxima at 430 nm. The SEM analysis confirmed the spherical and cuboidal shape of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with a size range between 10 - 40 nm. Furthermore, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antimicrobial potential against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains by aggregating on the cell surface. This study showcases the biomedical and agricultural applications of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from honeybee wings. .

关键词： Honeybee Bacteria Green Synthesis Nanoparticles Antimicrobial

英语是种共同特性 ESL课程能建立信心,给你机会结交新朋友

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2021年第2期 16-17,41,42页

作者： brittany Bernstein 马励(译) 不详

图书馆的儿童阅读室里,有7个成年人围坐在两张折叠桌子旁,练习tornado(龙卷风)这个词的发音。试着照着字母读出单词,并在不同音节上加重读音(例如tor-naah-do)后,突然发音就对了。

关键词：共同特性图书馆龙卷风建立信心发音成年人

Connective Tissue Energy Loss Comparison between Joints with and without Hypermobility

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2017年第5期10卷 18-27页

作者： Stephen A. Tatarkov Angela C. Tesny brittany M. Lauck Louis A. DiBerardino III Hui Shen Mechanical Engineering Ohio Northern University Ada OH USA

Joint hypermobility syndrome is a condition in which a joint can move effortlessly beyond the normal limit of motion expected for that joint. This syndrome is affected by some factors including gender and tends to be inherited. It may cause some symptoms such as pain in an individual’s synovial joints. The objective of the current study was to compare the energy loss of connective tissues between joints with and without hypermobility. A differential equation model, namely the Kelvin-Voigt model, was used for the energy loss analysis. The results show the difference in energy loss for the tissues attached to joints with and without joint hypermobility. As the stiffness of the connective tissue decreases, the energy loss increases. Muscle activity about the ankle was measured via electromyography during simple functional tasks, and the recorded data were used to correlate with the theoretical analysis of the energy loss. The result would shed light on the pathology analysis of the symptoms such as the cause of pain.

关键词： Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Soft Connective Tissues Electromyography Kelvin-Voigt Model

Radiation exposure and reduction in the operating room: Perspectives and future directions in spine surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第7期8卷 524-530页

作者： Ankur S Narain Fady Y Hijji Kelly H Yom Krishna T Kudaravalli brittany E Haws Kern Singh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Rush University Medical Center

Intraoperative imaging is vital for accurate placement of instrumentation in spine surgery. However, the use of biplanar fluoroscopy and other intraoperative imaging modalities is associated with the risk of significant radiation exposure in the patient, surgeon, and surgical staff. Radiation exposure in the form of ionizing radiation can lead to cellular damage via the induction of DNA lesions and the production of reactive oxygen species. These effects often result in cell death or genomic instability, leading to various radiation-associated pathologies including an increased risk of malignancy. In attempts to reduce radiation-associated health risks, radiation safety has become an important topic in the medical field. All practitioners, regardless of practice setting, can practice radiation safety techniques including shielding and distance to reduce radiation exposure. Additionally, optimization of fluoroscopic settings and techniques can be used as an effective method of radiation dose reduction. New imaging modalities and spinal navigation systems have also been developed in an effort to replace conventional fluoroscopy and reduce radiation doses. These modalities include Isocentric Three-Dimensional C-Arms, O-Arms, and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging. While this influx of new technology has advanced radiation safety within the field of spine surgery, more work is still required to overcome specific limitations involving increased costs and inadequate training.

关键词： Intraoperative imaging Ionizing radiation DNA damage Genomic instability Shielding Distance Dose reduction Spinal navigation

Rapid Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Reishi and Their Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 51-63页

作者： Akamu J. Ewunkem T’nasia Priester Desia Williams Bailey Ariyon Ilunga Tshimanga brittany Justice Dinesh K. Singh Department of Biological Sciences Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem North Carolina USA

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field in biomedical engineering with references to efficiency, safety, and cost-effective approaches. Herein, the objective of this study was to examine an innovative approach to rapidly synthesis silver nanoparticles from an aqueous extract of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (also known as reishi). The structural and dimensional dispersion of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Additionally, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from resihi were used to explore their potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results from this study revealed that the silver nanoparticles mediated by reishi adopted a spherical shape morphology with sizes, less than 100 nm and revealed strong absorption plasmon band at 440 nm. Furthermore, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested S. aureus and M. luteus and E. coli and K. pneumoniae by altering their morphology which signifies their biomedical potential.

关键词： Nanotechnology Reishi Nanoparticles Antimicrobial Green Synthesis

Development of a Portable Electronic Sensor for Detection of the Kudzu Bug, <i>Megacopta cribraria</i>(Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae)

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Advances in Entomology 2017年第3期5卷 75-86页

作者： brittany D. Lampson David C. Degenhardt Jeremy K. Greene Ahmad Khalilian Young J. Han Department of Agricultural Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Ridge View High School Columbia SC USA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA

The kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria (Fabricius), recently became an invasive insect pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. in the southeastern USA capable of reducing crop yield by as much as 60% if left untreated. To reduce these losses and minimize control costs, new methods for detecting kudzu bugs must be investigated in order to optimize control measures. One such method would be to detect volatiles released by kudzu bugs. An electronic portable device was developed to draw volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by kudzu bugs over carbon black-polymer composite sensors and measure the change in resistance for each sensor. Sensors made using polymers poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (p = 0.041), poly (styrene-co-allyl alcohol) (p = 0.017) and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) (p = 0.040) showed significant differences in resistance change for M. cribraria VOCs over the control. A logistic regression was 94.4% accurate based on the resistance changes from sensors made from polymers poly (4-vinylphenol), poly (styrene-co-allyl alcohol), and poly (vinylpyrrolidone) as features. These results indicate the capability of the device to detect kudzu bugs by detecting volatiles released by the insects.

关键词： Carbon Black-Polymer Composites Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Megacopta cribraria Sensors Volatiles

Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp with Two-Pass Weed Control Strategies in Glyphosate/Dicamba-Resistant Soybean

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 1424-1432页

作者： brittany K. Hedges Nader Soltani David C. Hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Waterhemp is a small-seeded, dioecious, broadleaf weed that emerges throughout the growing season. If left uncontrolled, waterhemp interference can reduce soybean yield up to 73%. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp was first discovered in one county in Ontario in 2014;as of 2017, it has been found in two other counties. Glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean can be sprayed with glyphosate and/or dicamba preplant (PP), preemergence (PRE) and/or postemergence (POST). The objective of this study was to determine the control of GR waterhemp in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean with PRE residual herbicides, glyphosate/dicamba applied POST or a two-pass program of a PRE residual herbicide followed by glyphosate/dicamba applied POST. At 8 weeks after application (WAA), pyroxasulfone (150 g ai ha-1), S-metolachlor/metribuzin (1943 g ai ha-1), pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone (300 g ai ha-1) and flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (240 g ai ha-1), applied PRE, resulted in 71%, 85%, 82% and 90% GR waterhemp control, respectively. The same PRE herbicides, followed by glyphosate/dicamba (1800 g ae ha-1) POST, improved control to greater than 96%. This study concludes that a two-pass program of an effective soil applied residual herbicide followed by glyphosate/dicamba POST controlled GR waterhemp in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean.

关键词： Waterhemp Soybean Glyphosate Resistance Glyphosate Dicamba

Pharmacist Integration into Transitions of Care at a Community Hospital： Skilled Nursing Facility Discharges

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第8期4卷 437-450页

作者： brittany J. Creek Diane Marks Garret Newkirk Terry Audley Thomas Gvora Sue Tillman Heather Suarez DelReal Lisa Bentzler Department of Pharmacy Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin Community Memorial Hospital Menomonee Falls 53051Wisconsin USA

In 2012-2013, CMH （Community Memorial Hospital） had a 10.5% 30-day readmission rate from SNFs （skilled nursing facilities）. The focus of the Connections of Care Coalition was to review the medication reconciliation process and to involve pharmacists in the transition of patients to SNFs. The objective of the project was to work as an interdisciplinary team to improve the communication during transitions of care from our hospital to local SNFs by identifying key issues and initiating pharmacy practice change. This quality improvement project had a pre-post study design. Patients older than 18 years of age discharged to SNFs and/or readmitted from SNFs within 30 days were included. Baseline data was collected, specific pharmacist interventions were identified, educated on and implemented, and post-implementation data was collected. The number of interventions made and documented by pharmacists for patients being discharged from CMH to local SNFs did not significantly change during this quality improvement study. Clinically significant interventions were made on high risk medications, such as warfarin. Finally, a newly redesigned SNF workflow was implemented to include pharmacy, nursing, social work/case management to improve patient care and safety for discharges to SNFs.

关键词： Transitions of care skilled nursing facility pharmacist discharge.

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澳大利亚南部地质考察之旅

生物进化 2020年第1期 25-45页

作者：陈飞扬张志亮 brittany Laing 西北大学地质学系麦考瑞大学生命科学系

澳大利亚是一个位于南半球和东半球、介于太平洋和印度洋之间、地势平缓的四面环海大陆。这个"未知的南方大陆"-澳大利亚一词的拉丁语语义,在千万年的漫长漂离中、在静悄悄的温暖海域内独自孕育着神奇的自然景观与原住民文化生活,沉淀... 详细信息

澳大利亚是一个位于南半球和东半球、介于太平洋和印度洋之间、地势平缓的四面环海大陆。这个"未知的南方大陆"-澳大利亚一词的拉丁语语义,在千万年的漫长漂离中、在静悄悄的温暖海域内独自孕育着神奇的自然景观与原住民文化生活,沉淀着足以惊叹世界的梦幻与惊奇。这里有着最古老的地球生命记录——叠层石,有着"活化石"称谓的卵生哺乳动物鸭嘴兽及澳洲针鼹,有着最大的珊瑚礁生态群落。

关键词：寒武纪早期寒武系底部埃迪卡拉纪澳大利亚板块