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Criteria for level 1 and level 2 trauma codes: Are pelvic ring injuries undertriaged?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第8期7卷 481-486页

作者： brittany e haws Scott Wuertzer Laura Raffield Leon Lenchik Anna N Miller Wake Forest School of Medicine Medical Center Boulevard Department of Radiology Medical Center Boulevard Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics Medical Center Boulevard Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Medical Center Boulevard

AIM: To determine the association of unstable pelvic ring injuries with trauma code ***: A retrospective review of all pelvic ring injuries at a single academic center from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed. The trauma registry was used to identify level 1 and level 2 trauma codes for each injury. The computed tomography scans in all patients were classified as stable or unstable using the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Pelvic injury classifications in level 1 and level 2 groups were compared. Patient disposition at discharge in level 1 and level 2 groups were also ***: There were 108 level 1 and 130 level 2 blunt trauma admissions. In the level 1 group, 67% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 33% were classified as unstable. In the level 2 group, 62% of pelvic injuries were classified as stable fracture patterns and 38% were classified as unstable. level 1 trauma code was not associated with odds of having an unstable fracture pattern(OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.48-1.41, P = 0.485). In the level 1 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 33% were discharged to home, 36% to a rehabilitation facility, and 32% died. In the level 2 group with unstable pelvic injuries, 65% were discharged to home, 31% to a rehabilitation facility, and 4% died. For those with unstable pelvic fractures(n = 85), assignment of a level 2 trauma code was associated with reduced odds of death(OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.01-0.35, P = 0.001) as compared to being discharged to ***: Trauma code level assignment is not correlated with severity of pelvic injury. Because an unstable pelvis can lead to hemodynamic instability, these injuries may be undertriaged.

关键词： Pelvic ring Trauma code Triage Unstable pelvis Abbreviated injury scale

Rapid Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Reishi and Their Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 51-63页

作者： Akamu J. ewunkem T’nasia Priester Desia Williams Bailey Ariyon Ilunga Tshimanga brittany Justice Dinesh K. Singh Department of Biological Sciences Winston-Salem State University Winston-Salem North Carolina USA

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field in biomedical engineering with references to efficiency, safety, and cost-effective approaches. Herein, the objective of this study was to examine an innovative approach to rapidly synthesis silver nanoparticles from an aqueous extract of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (also known as reishi). The structural and dimensional dispersion of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Scanning electron Microscopy (SeM) analysis. Additionally, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from resihi were used to explore their potential antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus and escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results from this study revealed that the silver nanoparticles mediated by reishi adopted a spherical shape morphology with sizes, less than 100 nm and revealed strong absorption plasmon band at 440 nm. Furthermore, the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from reishi exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested S. aureus and M. luteus and e. coli and K. pneumoniae by altering their morphology which signifies their biomedical potential.

关键词： Nanotechnology Reishi Nanoparticles Antimicrobial Green Synthesis

effects of diurnal temperature range on adult size and emergence times from diapausing pupae in Papilio glaucus and R canadensis （Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 435-442页

作者： J. Mark Scriber brittany Sonke Department of entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

With recent climate warming trends, both the increase in thermal variance （i.e., diurnal temperature range; DTR） as well as increased mean temperature may impact many different organisms, especially poikilothermic invertebrates. Predictions of insect developmental rates using degree-days （thermal unit accumulations above the developmental base threshold of the insect） are based on daily mean temperatures, regardless of DTR. However, non-linearity and variance in the means and extremes are often ignored. The role of thermal variance （e.g., daily temperature extremes and DTR） was evaluated experimentally for two swallowtail butterfly sister species using a common day/night photoperiod of 18 ： 6 h photo ： scoto-phase and corresponding daytime thermophase and nighttime cryophase periods of 22 ： 22℃ （constant 22℃）, 24 ： 16℃, and 26 ： 10℃（all three treatments had the same daily mean and the same degree-day accumulations）. Although developmental rates ofpost-diapause pupae were largely unaffected for both species, our results show that sizes in P canadensis females （but not males） were smaller in the treatments with more variance （26℃ ： 10℃） compared to constant 22℃. Such potentially significant impacts of size reduction in P canadensis females were not observed in P glaucus males or females under the same series ofthermo-period treatments.

关键词： climate warming degree-days diurnal temperature range (DTR) photoperiods swallowtail butterflies thermoperiods

Using on-site liver 3-D reconstruction and volumetric calculations in split liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2016年第6期15卷 587-592页

作者： Trevor W Reichman brittany Fiorello Ian Carmody Humberto Bohorquez Ari Cohen John Seal David Bruce George e Loss Ochsner Multi-Organ Transplant Institute Ochsner Medical Center

BACKGROUND： Split liver transplantation increases the number of grafts available for transplantation. Pre-recovery assessment of liver graft volume is essential for selecting suitable recipients. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability and feasibility of constructing a 3-D model to aid in surgical planning and to predict graft weight prior to an in situ division of the donor liver. MeTHODS： Over 11 months, 3-D volumetric reconstruction of 4 deceased donors was performed using Pathfinder Scout liver volumetric software. Demographic, laboratory, operative, perioperative and survival data for these patients along with donor demographic data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. ReSULTS： The average predicted weight of the grafts from the adult donors obtained from an in situ split procedure were 1130 g （930-1458 g） for the extended right lobe donors and 312 g （222-396 g） for left lateral segment grafts. Actual adult graft weight was 92% of the predicted weight for both the extended right grafts and the left lateral segment grafts. The predicted and actual graft weights for the pediatric donors were 176 g and 210 g for the left lateral segment grafts and 308 g and 280 g for the extended right lobe grafts,respectively. All grafts were transplanted except for the right lobe from the pediatric donors due to the small graft ***： On-site volumetric assessment of donors provides useful information for the planning of an in situ split and for selection of recipients. This information may expand the donor pool to recipients previously felt to be unsuitable due to donor and/or recipient weight.

关键词： split liver transplantation reduced-size liver transplantation 3-D reconstruction

A Flexible Boundary Procedure for Hyperbolic Problems: Multiple Penalty Terms Applied in a Domain

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第7期16卷 541-570页

作者： Jan Nordstrom Qaisar Abbas brittany A.erickson Hannes Frenander Department of Mathematics Division of Computational MathematicsLinkoping UniversitySE-58183 Link¨opingSweden Department of Information Technology Division of Scientific ComputingUppsala UniversitySE-75105 UppsalaSweden Department of Geological Sciences San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCA 92182-1020USA Department of Mathematics Division of Computational MathematicsLinkoping UniversitySE-58183 Link¨opingSweden.

A new weak boundary procedure for hyperbolic problems is *** consider high order finite difference operators of summation-by-parts form with weak boundary conditions and generalize that *** new boundary procedure is applied near boundaries in an extended domain where data is *** show how to raise the order of accuracy of the scheme,how to modify the spectrum of the resulting operator and how to construct non-reflecting properties at the *** new boundary procedure is cheap,easy to implement and suitable for all numerical methods,not only finite difference methods,that employ weak boundary *** results that corroborate the analysis are presented.

关键词： Summation-by-parts weak boundary conditions penalty technique high-order accuracy finite difference schemes stability steady-state non-reflecting boundary conditions

effects of Hops (<i>Humulus lupulus</i>L.) Beta-Acids on Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Complex Carbohydrates by Rumen Microbiota

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第12期9卷 983-992页

作者： Michael D. Flythe brittany e. Harlow Forage-Animal Production Research Unit Agricultural Research Service USDA Lexington KY USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences College of Agriculture Food and the Environment University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of beta-acids, prenylated phenolic compounds from the hops plant, on fermentation of individual carbohydrates by rumen microorganisms. Mixed, uncultivated rumen microbiota was harvested from rumen fistulated steers and washed to make cell suspensions. The suspensions were used to inoculate media with a glucan, fructan or constituent sugar, and fermentation was evaluated by production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Hops beta-acid (30 ppm) was not universally inhibitory, but each of the SCFA (acetate, propionate or butyrate) was decreased (P e or more of each cellulose or starch tested. The fermentation of sugars and fructans (short- or long-chain inulins) was not impacted by the phytochemicals. Previous results have shown that hops and hops extracts had the beneficial effects of reducing rumen ammonia and methane. The current results indicate that both starch and cellulose fermentation could be impacted. Because cellulose fermentation is nutritionally important on forage-based diets, hops phytochemicals might have more utility in cereal grain-based rations.

关键词： Rumen Microbiota Fiber Phytochemical Feed Antibiotic

From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma’s secrets and harnessing two decades of progress

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5270-5302页

作者： brittany Dewdney Misty RJenkins Sarah ABest Saskia Freytag Krishneel Prasad Jeff Holst Raelene endersby Terrance GJohns Cancer Centre Telethon Kids InstituteNedlandsWA6009Australia Centre For Child Health Research University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne3052Australia Department of Medical Biology University of MelbourneMelbourne3010Australia Personalised Oncology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne3052Australia School of Biomedical Sciences University of New South WalesSydney2052Australia

Glioblastoma,a rare,and highly lethal form of brain cancer,poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance,and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients *** advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution,translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet *** review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways,epigenetic mechanisms,and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic *** also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these *** therapeutic approaches,such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies,offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell *** strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical ***,gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine *** these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.

关键词： glioblastoma therapies targeted

The health benefits of selenium in food animals:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1623-1633页

作者： brittany M.Pecoraro Diego F.Leal Alba Frias-De-Diego Matthew Browning Jack Odle elisa Crisci College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Population Health and PathobiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA Laboratory of Developmental Nutrition Department of Animal ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA

Selenium is an essential trace mineral important for the maintenance of homeostasis in animals and *** evinces a strong antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and potential antimicrobial *** biological function is primarily achieved by its presence in selenoproteins as a form of *** deficiency may result in an array of health disorders,affecting many organs and systems;to prevent this,dietary supplementation,mainly in the forms of organic(i.e.,selenomethionine and selenocysteine)inorganic(i.e.,selenate and selenite)sources is *** pigs as well as other food animals,dietary selenium supplementation has been used for improving growth performance,immune function,and meat quality.A substantial body of knowledge demonstrates that dietary selenium supplementation is positively associated with overall animal health especially due to its immunomodulatory activity and protection from oxidative *** also possesses potential antiviral activity and this is achieved by protecting immune cells against oxidative damage and decreasing viral *** this review we endeavor to combine established and novel knowledge on the beneficial effects of dietary selenium supplementation,its antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions,and the putative antimicrobial effect ***,our review demonstrates the gaps in knowledge pertaining to the use of selenium as an antiviral,underscoring the need for further in vivo and in vitro studies,particularly in pigs.

关键词： Antimicrobial Antioxidant Food animals Immunomodulation Pig Selenium

HDAC inhibitors overcome immunotherapy resistance in B-cell lymphoma

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Protein & Cell 2020年第7期11卷 472-482页

作者： Xiaoguang Wang brittany C.Waschke Rachel A Woolaver Samantha M.Y.Chen Zhangguo Chen Jing H.Wang Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusSchool of Medicine12800 E.19th AveMail Stop 8333AuroraCO 80045USA

Immunotherapy has been applied successully to treat B-cell lymphomas in preclinical models or clinical ***,immunotherapy resistance is a major challenge for B-cell lymphoma *** overcome this issue,combinatorlal therapeutic strategies have been pursued to achieve a better efficacy for treating B-cell *** of such strategies is to combine immunotherapy with histone deacetylase(HDAC)*** inhibitors can potentially increase tumor immunogenicity,promote antitumor immune respon-ses,or reverse immunosuppressive tumor ***,the combination of HDAC inhibitors and immunotherapy has drawn much attention in current cancer ***,not all HDAC inhibitors are created equal and their net effects are highly dependent on the specific inhibitors used and the HDACs they ***,we suggest that optimal treatment effh-cacy requires personalized design and rational combination based on prognostic biomarkers and unique profiles of HDAC ***,we discuss the possible mechanisms by which B-cell lymphomas acquire immunotherapy resistance and the effects of HDAC inhibitors on tumor cells and immune cells that could help overcome immunotherapy resistance.

关键词： cancer immunotherapy HDAC inhibitor B-cell lymphomas anti-PD1 resistance tumor immunogenicity