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Principles to Support Modular Software Construction

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 3-10页

作者： Jack b. dennis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

The construction of large software systems is always achieved through assembly of independently written components -- program modules. For these software components to work together, they must share a common set of data types and principles for representing structured data such as arrays of values and files. This common set of tools for creating and operating on data objects is provided by the infrastructure of the computer system： the hardware, operating system and runtime code. because the nature and properties of these tools are crucial for correct operation of software components and their inter-operation, it is essential to have a precise specification that may be used for verifying correctness of application software on one hand, and to verify correctness of system behavior on the other. We call such a specification a program execution model （PXM）. It is evident that the properties of the PXM implemented by a computer system can have serious impact on the ability of application programmers to practice modular software construction. This paper discusses the concept of program execution models and presents a set of principles that a PXM must satisfy to provide a sound basis for modular software construction. because parallel program execution on computer systems with many processing units is an essential part of contemporary computing environments, the expression of parallelism and modular software construction using components involving parallel operations is included in this treatment. The conclusion is that it is possible to build computer systems that implement a PXM within which any parallel program may be used, unmodified, as a component for building more substantial parallel programs.

关键词： program execution model data flow model codelet abstract architecture parallel computing

Effects of diurnal temperature range on adult size and emergence times from diapausing pupae in Papilio glaucus and R canadensis （Papilionidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 435-442页

作者： J. Mark Scriber brittany Sonke Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and biodiversity Flonda Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

With recent climate warming trends, both the increase in thermal variance （i.e., diurnal temperature range; DTR） as well as increased mean temperature may impact many different organisms, especially poikilothermic invertebrates. Predictions of insect developmental rates using degree-days （thermal unit accumulations above the developmental base threshold of the insect） are based on daily mean temperatures, regardless of DTR. However, non-linearity and variance in the means and extremes are often ignored. The role of thermal variance （e.g., daily temperature extremes and DTR） was evaluated experimentally for two swallowtail butterfly sister species using a common day/night photoperiod of 18 ： 6 h photo ： scoto-phase and corresponding daytime thermophase and nighttime cryophase periods of 22 ： 22℃ （constant 22℃）, 24 ： 16℃, and 26 ： 10℃（all three treatments had the same daily mean and the same degree-day accumulations）. Although developmental rates ofpost-diapause pupae were largely unaffected for both species, our results show that sizes in P canadensis females （but not males） were smaller in the treatments with more variance （26℃ ： 10℃） compared to constant 22℃. Such potentially significant impacts of size reduction in P canadensis females were not observed in P glaucus males or females under the same series ofthermo-period treatments.

关键词： climate warming degree-days diurnal temperature range (DTR) photoperiods swallowtail butterflies thermoperiods

Round robin using the depth of penetration test method on an armour grade alumina

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第6期15卷 829-836页

作者： Erik P.Carton bernt b.Johnsen dennis-bo Rahbek Hans broos Almar Snippe TNO P.O.Box 45NL-2280 AA Rijswijkthe Netherlands Norwegian Defence Research Establishment(FFI) P.O.Box 25NO-2027 KjellerNorway

The depth of penetration(DOP)method is a well-known ballistic test method for characterisation and ranking of ceramic armour *** ceramic tile is bonded to a backing material of semi-infinite thickness,and the penetration depth of the projectile gives a measure of the performance of the *** is,however,an inherent variability in the results from this test *** this work,the accuracy and the variability of the DOP method has been investigated in a round robin *** ballistic test centres took part in the exercise.A test protocol was developed,in which the threat type(projectile and impact conditions)and a procedure on how to prepare the targets were *** targets consisted of alumina tiles of two different thicknesses that were bonded to polycarbonate backing *** different 7.62 mm armour piercing projectiles were employed;one with a hard steel core and one with a tungsten carbide *** projectiles and the other materials all came from single material batches in order to avoid batch-to-batch variations in material *** materials were distributed between the ballistic test *** test results of the different ballistic test facilities were collected and *** was not a lot of variation between the average DOP values obtained at each laboratory,but the variation in penetration depth between shots was *** consequence of this variation may be less confidence in the test results,and a statistical method was used to evaluate the required number of tests that are sufficient to obtain an average result with high *** most cases,the required number of tests is much higher than what is practically *** work was conducted as part of the European Defence Agency-project CERAMbALL.

关键词： ballistics Depth of penetration Test method Armour Ceramic Statistics

Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 500-509页

作者： dennis G.A.b.Oonincx Sophie Laurent Margot E.Veenenbos Joop J.A.van Loon Department of Animal Sciences Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Laboratory of Entomology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Sophie Laurent ON IRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France

Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and ***,commercially produced insects are often low in n‐3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n‐6/n‐3 ratios.A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human *** oil consists primarily(57%)out of alpha‐linolenic *** experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n‐6/n‐3 *** species were used in the experiment:house crickets(Acheta domesticus[L.]),lesser mealworms(Alphitobius diaperinus[Pfanzer])and black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens[L.]).These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%,2%,or 4%flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal *** acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via GC‐*** three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets,but responded similarly to flaxseed oil *** each percent added to the diet,the alpha‐linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%–2.7%.Four percent addition increased the n‐3 fatty acid content 10–20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n‐6/n‐3 ratios from 18–36 to 0.8–2.4.A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2%flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms,and at 1%inclusion for black soldier *** a source of n‐3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.

关键词： Acheta domesticus Alphitobius diaperinus diet fatty acids Hermetia illucens

Ultraviolet discharges from a radio-frequency system for potential biological/chemical applications

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Chinese Physics b 2017年第8期26卷 157-161页

作者： Joseph Ametepe Sheng Peng dennis Manos Georgia Gwinnett College School of Science and TechnologyLawrenceville-GA 30078USA EXFO Mississaugaon Canada L5N 6H7 College of William and Mary Department of PhysicsWilliamsburgVA 2385USA

In this work, we describe a new electrode-less radio-frequency（RF） excitation technique for generating excimers in the vacuum ultraviolet（VUV） and ultraviolet（UV） spectral regions for potential biological/chemical applications. Spectra data of Xe~＊_2, XeI~＊, and KrI~＊ generated by this new technique are presented. Optical efficiency of the lamp system ranges from 3% to 6% for KrI~＊, 7% to 13% for XeI~＊, and 15% to 20% for Xe~＊_2. Also, results of irradiating E-coli with XeI~＊discharge from this lamp system is presented to show one of the promising applications of such electrode-less *** new RF lamp system offers an interesting addition to the already existing technologies for generating VUV and UV light for various biological, physical, and chemical processes especially those requiring large area for high productivity.

关键词： radio-frequency ultraviolet light Xe2* XeI* KrI* excimers escherichia coli

Current state of laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第28期21卷 8670-8677页

作者： Francis J DeAsis brittany Lapin Matthew E Gitelis Michael b Ujiki Section of Minimally Invasive Surgery Department of Surgery North Shore University Health System

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the laparoscopic approaches for parastomal hernia repair reported in the ***:A systematic review of PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted using various combination of the following keywords:stoma repair,laparoscopic,parastomal,and *** reports,studies with less than 5 patients,and articles not written in English were *** studies were further scrutinized with the 2011 levels of evidence from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based *** authors reviewed and analyzed each *** there was any discrepancy between scores,the study in question was referred to another author.A meta-analysis was performed using both random and fixed-effect *** bias was evaluated using begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression *** primary outcome analyzed was recurrence of parastomal *** outcomes were mesh infection,surgical site infection,obstruction requiring reoperation,death,and other *** were grouped by operative technique where *** for recurrence,most postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort and not by approach so they were analyzed across ***:Fifteen articles with a total of 469 patients were deemed eligible for *** postoperative morbidities were reported for the overall cohort,and not by *** overall postoperative morbidity rate was 1.8%(95%CI:0.8-3.2),and there was no difference between *** most common postoperative complication was surgical site infection,which was seen in 3.8%(95%CI:2.3-5.7).Infected mesh was observed in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.1),and obstruction requiring reoperation also occurred in 1.7%(95%CI:0.7-3.0).Other complications such as ileus,pneumonia,or urinary tract infection were noted in16.6%(95%CI:11.9-22.1).Eighty-one recurrences were reported overall for a recurrence rate of 17.4%(95%CI:9.5-26.9).The recurrence rate was 10.2%(95%CI:3.9-19.0) for the modif

关键词： Parastomal Hernia Laparoscopic Repair Treatment Sugarbaker Keyhole Sandwich Ileostomy Colostomy

Probing the Ribosome Assembly:Insight from Ribosomal Proteins

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Probing the Ribosome Assembly:Insight from Ribosomal Protein...

From signalling pathways to targeted therapies: unravelling glioblastoma’s secrets and harnessing two decades of progress

中国化学会2014年大分子体系理论、模拟与计算研讨会

作者： Yongmei Wang brittany b.Lott Department of Chemistry The University of MemphisMemphisTennessee 27251USA

Ribosomes are complex cellular machines that synthesize new proteins in the *** accurate and efficient assembly of ribosomal proteins(r-proteins)and ribosomal RNA(r RNA)to form a functional ribosome is important for cell growth,metabolic reactions,and other cellular *** assembly has been an active research topic for many years because understanding the assembly mechanisms can provide insight into protein/RNA recognitions that are important in many other cellular *** and computational studies thus far have greatly improved our understanding of assembly,yet many questions remain unanswered regarding the complex behaviors of r-proteins and r RNA during the *** further understand ribosome assembly,we have computationally studied the sequences,structures,and dynamic properties of r-proteins from the 30S subunit and their relationships to RNA *** found a statistically greater amount of positively charged residues in r-proteins compared to other housekeeping proteins and observe a high level of charged interactions between r-proteins and r RNA in the assembled *** also detect a significant correlation between the overall flexibility of a protein and the number of contact points it makes with its r RNA binding *** residues contacting with r RNA are observed to be more mobile in solution when compared to the non-contacting *** also describe common modes of structural dynamics,revealing likely conformational changes the proteins make prior to binding,and how they relate to possible binding mechanisms used during *** computational investigations shed new insight on the ribosome assembly process but at the same time reveal significant challenges in understanding ribosome assembly.

关键词： ribosome ribonuclear complex self-assembly

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5270-5302页

作者： brittany Dewdney Misty RJenkins Sarah Abest Saskia Freytag Krishneel Prasad Jeff Holst Raelene Endersby Terrance GJohns Cancer Centre Telethon Kids InstituteNedlandsWA6009Australia Centre For Child Health Research University of Western AustraliaPerthWA6009Australia Immunology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne3052Australia Department of Medical biology University of MelbourneMelbourne3010Australia Personalised Oncology Division The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne3052Australia School of biomedical Sciences University of New South WalesSydney2052Australia

Glioblastoma,a rare,and highly lethal form of brain cancer,poses significant challenges in terms of therapeutic resistance,and poor survival rates for both adult and paediatric patients *** advancements in brain cancer research driven by a technological revolution,translating our understanding of glioblastoma pathogenesis into improved clinical outcomes remains a critical unmet *** review emphasises the intricate role of receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathways,epigenetic mechanisms,and metabolic functions in glioblastoma tumourigenesis and therapeutic *** also discuss the extensive efforts over the past two decades that have explored targeted therapies against these *** therapeutic approaches,such as antibody-toxin conjugates or CAR T cell therapies,offer potential by specifically targeting proteins on the glioblastoma cell *** strategies incorporating protein-targeted therapy and immune-based therapies demonstrate great promise for future clinical ***,gaining insights into the role of cell-of-origin in glioblastoma treatment response holds the potential to advance precision medicine *** these challenges is crucial to improving outcomes for glioblastoma patients and moving towards more effective precision therapies.

关键词： glioblastoma therapies targeted

Review of the initial treatment and avoidance of scald injuries

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World Journal of Dermatology 2017年第2期6卷 17-26页

作者： Ryan T bourdon brittany b Nelson-Cheeseman John P Abraham Emergency Department Regions Hospital School of Engineering University of St.Thomas

Scald injuries,which describe burns to living tissue from hot liquids,are a very common injury that occur across geographical,social,economic,and national *** their ubiquitous nature,a complete understanding of the conditions which are required to cause scald burns is not yet *** addition,clear guidance to medical practitioners is available through various guidelines however in actual situations,the extent of the burn is not fully known and this lack of knowledge complicates ***,a comprehensive review is made of the available knowledge of temperatures and scald durations which lead to skin-burn *** range of volumes and liquid temperatures are typical of those found in heated consumer *** review can help medical practitioners design initial treatment protocols and can be used by manufacturers of hot-liquid products to avoid the most severe ***,within the context of this ability to quantify burn depths,a review of current burn treatment guidelines is *** in this review is a visual recognition of the extent of burns into the dermal layer as well as decision guidelines for selection of patients which would benefit from referral to a dedicated burn *** is hoped that by bringing together both the quantified burn-depth information and current treatment guidelines,this review can be used as a resource for persons in the medical,manufacturing,beverage service,and other industries to reduce the human impact of scald injuries.

关键词： Scald injury Skin burns biological heating Hot beverages burn depth