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Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4512-4533页

作者： Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Department for HIV Elimination Fulton County GovernmentAtlantaGA 30303United States Department of Gastroenterology Royal Stoke University HospitalUniversity Hospitals of North Midlands NHS TrustStaffordshire ST4 6QGUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University Teaching Hospital-Adult HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine Levy Mwanawasa University Teaching HospitalTropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group(TROPGAN)Lusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine The University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02903United States Hematology/Oncology Cancer Disease HospitalLusaka 10101Zambia Department of Medicine and Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226United States

BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this *** To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African *** We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan *** searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles *** effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both *** highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years ***-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of *** best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 *** Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable ris

关键词： Esophageal cancer in Africa Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Cancer in Africa Systematic review

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虚拟存贮器的句柄

微型计算机 1991年第3期11卷 48-51,47页

作者： bright,W 闵珍晖

International Cultural Tourism between Ghana and China

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International Cultural Tourism between Ghana and China

作者： AGAH bright YAW 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

Cultural tourism is simply the business of people moving from one country or place for the motive of site seeing of culture events,festival and historical places which are managed to generate money. China and Ghana have a lot of cultural tourism sites but less is talked about them. this projects aims at bringing the dead news alive for study purpose and creating great awareness of a hiding and untapped source of income for booth countries apart from the orthodox trade and mineral investments that we know. The question is why don’t Chinese go to Ghana for cultural tourism and Ghanaians also coming to china for tourism but just for business trade and education? In my stay in china as a Ghanaian in china i realized that our Chinese host don’t have much information about Ghana apart from the ones they see on the media. just the same case of the Ghanaians who will not fly all the way to china just for holidays Both countries prefers to go to Europe,Americas for holidays and rather come to china for trade which is buy goods and send home for sale. Due to the scarcity of information on this side of tourism relations between both countries the researcher could not get much information but to depend on words of mouth and personal experience from deal with both Chinese and Ghanaian in and out of china. Recommendations were also made by the researcher to both ministries of foreign affairs and tourisms of both countries in promoting this sector as an altanative to the old trade and investment cooperations.

关键词：加纳国际文化旅游贸易投资合作

Dynamic interplay of T helpercell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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World Journal of Immunology 2012年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Crystal C Walline Saravanan Kanakasabai John J bright Neuroscience Research Laboratory Methodist Research Institute Indiana University Health Indianapolis IN 46202 United States Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 United States

AIM： To investigate the temporal onset and dynamic interplay of CD4^＋ T helper cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE）.METHODS： EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by im-munization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide p35-55. The clinical signs were scored and the tissue samples and immune cells isolated for analysis at different phases of EAE. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and related transcription fac-tors were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay （ELISA）. The percentages of Th1, Th17, Th2, Treg and memory T cell subsets in EAE were analyzed by immunostaining and fow cytometry. The data were analyzed by statistical ***： Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that EAE mice express elevated levels of Th1 [interferon gamma （ IFNγ ）, interleukin （ IL ） -12p40 ], Th17 [ IL-17 , related orphan receptor gamma （RORγ ）, IL-12p40] and Treg [ Foxp3, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3 （EBI3）, IL-10] genes in the central nervous system at the peak of the disease. Whereas, the expression of Th1 （ IFNγ , T-bet, IL-12p35, IL-12p40 ）, Th17 （RORγ, IL-12p40 ）, Th2 （ IL-4） and Treg （ Foxp3, EBI3） response genes was reduced in the spleen during pre-disease but gradually recovered at the later phases of EAE. ELISA and fow cytometry analyses showed an increase in Th17 re-sponse in the periphery, while Th1 response remained unchanged at the peak of disease. The mRNA levels of IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-12p40 in the brain were increased by 23 （P 〈 0.001）, 9 （P 〈 0.05） and 14 （P 〈 0.01） fold, respectively, on day 21 of EAE. Conversely, the mRNA expression of IL-10 was increased by 2 fold （P 〈 0.05） in the spleen on day 21. CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3＋Treg response was reduced at pre-disease but recovered to na？ve levels by disease onset. The percentage of CD25 Foxp3 regulatory T cells decreased from 7.7% in the na？ve to 3.2% （P 〈 0.05） on day 7 of EAE, which the

关键词： Autoimmune disease Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Multiple sclerosis T helper cells Th1/Th17

Effects of <i>Moringa oleifera</i>Leaves and Seeds Extracts against Food Spoilage Fungi

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第1期10卷 27-38页

作者： Florence Adwoa Ayirezang bright Kojo Azumah Sylvester Achio Science Laboratory Technology Department Faculty of Applied Science Accra Technical University Accra Ghana Catholic Institute of Business and Technology Accra Ghana

Fungal foodborne diseases pose serious public health problems and cause significant loss of the world’s food stock as a result of toxic contamination. Hence the need to find solutions to foodborne fungal contaminants. This study investigated the antifungal and phytochemical properties of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds using various extraction solvents (acetone, water, ethanol and methanol). Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger isolated from food samples were used as test organisms. The Agar Well Diffusion method was used to determine the antifungal activities of Moringa oleifera leave and seed extracts, while standard phytochemical tests were used to analyze for the phytochemicals. Moringa oleifera leave and seed extracts showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols and hydrolysable tannins after the chemical test. At 100 mg/ml for Methanol extract, the leaves gave wider zones of inhibition (18.33 mm against A. flavus and 17.17 mm against A. niger) than the seed extract (16.50 mm against A. flavus and 16.33 mm against A. niger) for all test organism. The activity of the extracts were however lower than Sodium benzoate (33 mm at 100 mg/ml), as standard. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration of the plant extracts was most active at 25 mg/ml. Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extracts may serve as natural antifungals for controlling growth of food spoilage fungi, and therefore may be used as a bio-preservative agent for prolonging the shelf-life of food products.

关键词： Food Spoilage Moringa oleifera Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Pediatric nurse-patient communication practices at Pentecost Hospital,Madina:A qualitative study

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International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第4期9卷 481-489页

作者： Evans Osei Appiah Stella Appiah Samuel Kontoh Sarah Mensah Dorothy Baffour awuah Awube Menlah Michael Baidoo School of Nursing and Midwifery Valley View UniversityGhana Pentecost Hospital MadinaAccraGhana Purdue University West LafayetteUSA

Purpose:Delivering quality health care requires effective communication between health care providers and their ***-patient effective communication remains a challenge in Ghana,despite criticism and concern expressed by the *** study,therefore,aims to assess the effective nurse caregivers’communication practices among pediatric nurses at Pentecost Hospital,***:A qualitative exploratory and purposive sampling technique were *** were engaged in Focus group discussions or face-to-face *** all,4 focus group discussions were conducted with 7 participants in each group and 15 face-face in-depth interviews,with a total sample size of *** data was content *** were taped recorded and transcribed ***:The data analysis yielded 3 themes and 11 *** main themes were:effective communication practices,factors influencing effective communication,and attitudes towards effective *** study revealed how the participants communicated with patients who are deafmute,anxious,and those who refused *** addition,participants reported how they used techniques such as silence,listening,and leading cues in communicating with patients and their ***:Effective communication between pediatric nurses,patients,and their parents is ascertained to be a key tool in the delivery of quality health ***,several factors are found to hinder this therapeutic ***,further studies are needed to improve effective communication skills among pediatric nurses and their patients to enhance health care for children.

关键词： Attitude Communication Ghana Nursing staff Pediatric nurses Parents

Scalable Distributed File Sharing System: A Robust Strategy for a Reliable Networked Environment in Tertiary Institutions

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2019年第4期12卷 49-58页

作者： Emmanuel N. Ekwonwune bright U. Ezeoha Department of Computer Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Computer Science Abia State Polytechnic Aba Nigeria

The bane of achieving a scalable distributed file sharing system is the centralized data system and single server oriented file [sharing] system. In this paper, the solution to the problems in a distributed environment is presented. Thus, inability to upload sizeable files, slow transportation of files, weak security and lack of fault tolerance are the major problems in the existing system. Hence, the utmost need is to build a client-server network that runs on two or more server systems in order to implement scalability, such that when one server is down, the other(s) would still hold up the activities within the network. And to achieve this reliable network environment, LINUX network operating system is recommended among others as a preferred platform for the synchronization of the server systems, such that every user activity like sending of internal memos/mails, publication of academic articles, is replicated;thereby, achieving the proposed result. Hence, Scalable Distributed File Sharing System provides the robustness required to having a reliable intranet.

关键词： Distributed System Architecture Files Sharing Distributed File System Replication Reliability Transparency Data Access Interfaces Fault Detection Fault Tolerance Cache Consistency Scalability

Experimenting the Feasibility of Banana Stalk for Practical Textile

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Chinese Business Review 2016年第8期15卷 388-399页

作者： Kenneth bright Boateng Bridgette Aidoo-Taylor Sarah Archer Takoradi Polytechnic Takoradi Ghana

Finding viable alternatives to conventional textiles and fashion has proved to be a herculean challenge for government and policy makers in Ghana. Banana stalk identified as possible eccentric material for textiles and fashion needs to be examined to ascertain its feasibility. The study intends to engage mixed approach with particular emphasis on experimental methods to ascertain feasibility of banana stalk braids for textiles. Also what to be adopted are observation, descriptive, interpretative, and narrative methods. Test results from the study are necessary for determining the extent to which thematerials could be applied for varying textiles and costumes. Adopting waste as alternative material in fashioning costumes for textile art and subsequently normal fashion for humans is a possible means to turn around the poorly performing the industrial sub-sector. It also has the potential of being converted into sacks for packaging some foodstuffs like grains, tubers, and cocoa. The success of this research shall pave way for looking inward the nation for readily available and relatively cheap materials for addressing the concern of local textiles and fashion.

关键词： textiles banana stalk braid alternative and material

Is sibship composition a risk factor for childhood asthma? Systematic review and meta‑analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第12期19卷 1127-1138页

作者： Daniil Lisik Saliha SelinÖzuygur Ermis Athina Ioannidou Gregorio Paolo Milani Sungkutu Nyassi Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro Hannu Kankaanranta Emma Goksör Göran Wennergren bright Ibeabughichi Nwaru Krefting Research Centre Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of MedicineUniversity of GothenburgMedicinaregatan 1F41390 GöteborgSweden Department of Respiratory Medicine Dokuz Eylul UniversityIzmirTurkey Department of Clinical Science and Community Health University of Milan20122 MilanItaly Pediatric Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico20122 MilanItaly Tampere University Respiratory Research Group Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland Department of Respiratory Medicine Seinäjoki Central HospitalSeinäjokiFinland Department of Pediatrics Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Background Following the“hygiene hypothesis”,the role of sibship composition in asthma and wheezing has been extensively studied,but the fndings are *** the frst time,this systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized evidences from studies investigating the association of sibship size and birth order with risk of asthma and *** Fifteen databases were searched to identify eligible *** selection and data extraction were performed independently by pairs of ***-analysis with robust variance estimation(RVE)was used to produce pooled risk ratio(RR)efect estimates from comparable numerical *** From 17,466 identifed records,158 reports of 134 studies(>3 million subjects)were *** wheezing in the last≤1.5 years occurred more frequently in infants with≥1 sibling[pooled RR 1.10,95%confdence interval(CI)1.02–1.19]and≥1 older sibling(pooled RR 1.16,95%CI 1.04–1.29).The pooled efect sizes for asthma were overall statistically nonsignifcant,although having≥1 older sibling was marginally protective for subjects aged≥6 years(pooled RR 0.93,95%CI 0.88–0.99).The efect estimates weakened in studies published after 2000 compared with earlier *** Being second-born or later and having at least one sibling is associated with a slightly increased risk of temporary wheezing in *** contrast,being second-born or later is associated with marginal protection against *** associations appear to have weakened since the turn of the millennium,possibly due to lifestyle changes and socioeconomic development.

关键词： Asthma Hygiene hypothesis Respiratory sounds Siblings Systematic review