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Socio-cultural determinants of timely and delayed treatment of Buruli ulcer: implications for disease control

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 48-60页

作者： Mercy M Ackumey Margaret Gyapong Matilda Pappoe Cynthia kwakye Maclean Mitchell G Weiss School of Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Dodowa Health Research Centre Ghana Health ServiceDodowaGhana Amasaman Hospital Ghana Health ServiceAccraGhana

Introduction:Public health programmes recommend timely medical treatment for Buruli ulcer(BU)infection to prevent pre-ulcer conditions from progressing to ulcers,to minimise surgery,disabilities and the socio-economic impact of *** the role of socio-cultural determinants of timely medical treatment may assist in guiding public health programmes to improve treatment *** study clarified the role of socio-cultural determinants and health system factors affecting timely medical treatment for BU in an endemic area in ***:A semi-structured explanatory model interview based on the explanatory model interview catalogue(EMIC)was administered to 178 BU-affected *** on research evidence,respondents were classified as timely treatment(use of medical treatment 3 months from awareness of disease)and delayed treatment(medical treatment 3 months after onset of disease and failure to use medical treatment).The outcome variable,timely treatment was analysed with cultural epidemiological variables for categories of distress,perceived causes of BU,outside-help and reasons for medical treatment in logistic regression *** median time for the onset of symptoms to treatment was computed in *** phenomenological analysis of respondents’narratives clarified the meaning,context and dynamic features of the relationship of explanatory variables with timely medical ***:The median time for initiating treatment was 25 days for pre-ulcers,and 204 days for *** loss and use of herbalists showed significantly negative associations with timely ***’use of herbalists was often motivated by the desire for quick recovery in order to continue with work and because herbalists were relatives and easily ***,drinking unclean water was significantly associated with timely treatment and access to health services encouraged timely treatment(OR 8.5,p=0.012).Findings show that health system factors of

关键词： services lists clarified

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Effects of cutting parameter on microstructure and corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in simulated primary water

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第27期122卷 219-230页

作者： Honglin Yan Jianqiu Wang Zhiming Zhang bright O.Okonkwo Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China

The influence of surface conditions on the corrosion behavior of engineering structures has been paid more ***,there is still a lack of systematic research on the effect of cutting parameters on material’s microstructure and performance in *** this paper,the effect of cutting parameters on microstructure and corrosion behaviors of 304 stainless steel in simulated primary water is well *** results show that different cutting parameters can cause the superficial layer a gradient microstructure with nanocrystalized layer on top and deformation band structures *** the similar surface roughness,the deformation microstructure can be very different due to the different cutting *** effect degree on the depth of deformation zone is feed rate>cutting depth>cutting *** larger feed rate,lower cutting depth,lower cutting rate may induce a deeper deformation *** the increasing depth away from the machined surface,the localized corrosion rate is decreased,and at the same depth the localized corrosion rate along the deformation bands is higher than that along the grain boundaries(GBs).The nanocrystalized surface has a smallest general corrosion rate due to the quick formation of Cr rich oxide ***,once the corrosion penetrates through this nanocrystalized layer,subsequent preferential corrosion at deformation bands and GBs will dominate and may lead to the significant increase of corrosion rate of the component in high temperature pressurized water.

关键词： Stainless steel Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) High temperature corrosion Cutting parameter

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Influence of SiC Nanoparticles Reinforcement in Areca/Tamarind Hybrid Biopolymer Composites:Thermo-mechanical,Tribological and Morphological Features

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1723-1736页

作者： Gajendiran Hariharan Pattipati Chinna Krishnamachary Joseph Selvi Binoj bright Brailson Mansingh Department of Mechanical Engineering University College of Engineering KancheepuramKancheepuram631552TamilnaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering J.B.Institute of Engineering&Technology(Autonomous)MoinabadHyderabad500075TelanganaIndia Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105TamilnaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatore641022TamilnaduIndia

Natural fibers are displacing synthetic fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites due to their ease of processing,low cost,wide availability,biodegradability and *** this study,industrially discarded agro-waste areca fruit husk and tamarind fruit fibers were processed and used as reinforcement with unsaturated polyester resin to create a hybrid composite containing SiC nano filler *** SiC nano filler particles were varied from 1 to 4 wt.%in incremental steps of 1 wt.%with a constant 40 wt.%fiber reinforcement to determine its impact on the thermo-mechanical,morphological,wear and hygro-aging properties of the developed hybrid ***,the composite made of 3 wt.%SiC nano filler particles exposed overall better properties with better tensile(9.137 MPa),flexural(104.056 MPa),impact(7.983 J/cm^(2)),hardness(91.577 HRRW),wear(2.2×10^(-6)µm),crystallite size(7.9 nm)and thermal stability(360℃).Further advancement in weight percent of filler material,has worsened the properties due to poor dispersion and agglomeration factors by reducing the tensile,flexural,impact and hardness characteristics by 4.6%,6.4%,4.5%and 2.18%***,the microstructural investigation revealed the failure pattern,information on interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement,filler and matrix of the hybrid *** addition,the crystalline characteristics and availability of functional groups in hybrid polymer composite with 3 wt.%SiC nano filler particles were disclosed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR)spectrum analysis,*** above findings reflects that the produced hybrid polymer composites suits well for interiors of automobiles and maritime interior applications to support loads with in the specified range.

关键词： Bio-waste Nano SiC filler Thermogravimetric analysis Mechanical properties Water absorption properties

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Optimization of chanterelle mushroom drying kinetics under heat pump dryer using Taguchi design method

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第6期16卷 273-279页

作者： Peter Mecha Rui Zhu Jiayu Zhang Emmanuel awuah Shakeel Ahmed Soomro Kunjie Chen College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Department of Farm Structures Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam 70060Pakistan

The optimum drying conditions with regard to minimum color changes, high rehydration ratio and drying rate for chanterelle mushrooms is inadequately known. To address this problem, drying kinetics for chanterelle mushroom samples with sizes of 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm cube, 20 mm×20 mm×30 mm cuboid, and Ø40 mm×20 mm cylindrical shape were experimented. Drying air temperatures of 40℃, 48℃, and 56℃ at superfluous humidity and velocity of 2.2 m/s were used. Initial color pixels for each sample were determined using Note 8 Pro Xiaomi smartphone camera and image processing tool in Matlab R2019a. Triplicate experimentation was done based on L9 Taguchi orthogonal arrays with drying rate, specific moisture extraction rate, color change, and rehydration ratio being the response parameters. The drying rate increased from 1.1174 g/g∙min to 1.3478 g/*** as the temperature rose from 40℃ to 56℃. The mushroom cube had the highest drying rate of 1.2860 g/g∙min while the cylindrical shape had the lowest rate of 1.1764 g/g∙min. Similarly, SMER increased from 0.006 326to 0.013 27 g/kWh with the temperature rise. Contrary, SMER decreased from 0.006 92 to 0.013 63 g/kWh in cylinder to cube respectively. Color change was highest at 40℃ (13.49) and lowest at 56℃ (11.94). The mushroom cube had the lowest color change of 9.28 on average when compared to other shapes. Rehydration ratio was highest at 56℃ (3.824) as compared to 48℃ and 40℃. Additionally, the mushroom cube had the highest rehydration ratio of 4.55 on average as compared to other shapes. Temperature variation significantly influenced the drying rate and SMER. However, temperature variation had insignificant differences in color change and rehydration ratio. Mushroom shape variation had a significant difference in all the response variables tested. Conclusively, mushroom cubes at the drying temperature of 56℃ gave optimized drying conditions for chanterelle mushrooms with minimal quality deviations. Thus, chanterelle mushrooms can be

关键词： optimization chanterelle mushrooms drying kinetics heat pump dryer Taguchi design

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静态条件下碳酸盐岩三维孔隙网络的溶蚀改造及其对孔隙结构的影响

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石油勘探与开发 2019年第2期46卷 361-369页

作者： ANDRIAMIHAJA Spariharijaona PADMANABHAN Eswaran BEN-awuah Joel SOKKALINGAM Rajalingam Hydrocarbon Recovery and Technology Group Research and Technology PETRONAS Research Sdn.Bhd. Department of Geosciences Faculty of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Applied Geology Faculty of Engineering and Science Curtin University Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

为了确定溶蚀对碳酸盐岩孔隙结构的影响,保持pH值和HCl溶液浓度等参数不变,使用泥质灰岩和颗粒灰岩作为研究样品在不同温度下进行了溶蚀实验、X射线微型CT成像、岩石薄片分析实验。研究确定了碳酸盐岩溶蚀释放的Ca^(2+)浓度与时间的关系... 详细信息

为了确定溶蚀对碳酸盐岩孔隙结构的影响,保持pH值和HCl溶液浓度等参数不变,使用泥质灰岩和颗粒灰岩作为研究样品在不同温度下进行了溶蚀实验、X射线微型CT成像、岩石薄片分析实验。研究确定了碳酸盐岩溶蚀释放的Ca^(2+)浓度与时间的关系;溶蚀前后的孔径分布表明温度和孔径变化之间没有相关性,颗粒灰岩中的孔径变化更显著,说明孔径变化主要受岩石本身的物性(初始孔隙度和渗透率)和不稳定矿物的丰度(与晶体形状、大小和矿物类型有关)控制。2种碳酸盐岩在不同温度下的孔喉半径变化量非常小,为0.003～0.040 mm,增加倍数为1.3～3.5,平均为1.7;孔喉长度变化量为0.05～0.35 mm。孔喉半径、长度和连通性的微小变化对渗透率也有很大影响,渗透率变化量高达1 000×10^(-3)μm^2。

关键词：三维孔隙网络碳酸盐岩孔隙结构泥质灰岩颗粒灰岩酸化溶蚀 X射线显微层析

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Effects of MeV Fe Ions Irradiation on the Microstructure and Property of Nuclear Grade 304 Stainless Steel:Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy,Transmission Electron Microscope and Nanoindentation

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2021年第12期34卷 1695-1703页

作者： Honglin Yan Zhiming Zhang Jianqiu Wang bright O.Okonkwo En-Hou Han Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China

Nuclear grade 304 stainless steel was irradiated by 3.5 MeV Fe ions,with fluxes of 3.05E+15 ions/cm^(2)and 1.55E+16 ions/cm^(2).Irradiation effects were studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy(PAS),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and nanoindentation *** results showed that different types of defects were produced after irradiation and that there was significant variance in defects formed when the samples were subjected to different irradiation *** characterization showed that the irradiation-induced dislocation loops enlarged in average size,but decreased in number density at higher irradiation *** test showed obvious irradiation hardening phenomenon,which was in good agreement with the PAS and TEM *** hardening effect increased with an increase in irradiation dose and saturation occurred with an increase in irradiation dose from 3.2 to 16 *** statistical analysis showed that barrier strength of the Frank loop depends on the loop size and density produced by the ion irradiation.

关键词： Stainless steel Irradiation hardening Positron annihilation Nanoindentation

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The Effectiveness of Tax Laws on the Operations of Business Organizations in Ghana(A Case Study in Wa)

The Effectiveness of Tax Laws on the Operations of Business ...

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作者： bright OSEI NSIAH 南昌大学

学位级别：硕士

The aim of this research is to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the tax law on the operations of businesses in Wa in the upper west region of Ghana which will be applicable to other areas with similar tax system in *** study will also be of important to policy makers and institutions like the internal revenue service and the value added tax（VAT）*** can also serve as the bases for further research of similar nature..The objectives of the research were to examine the effectiveness of the tax laws on the operations of business organisations in Ghana.A total of 100 people were randomly sampled for the *** statistical package for social sciences（SPSS）were used to establish relationship between *** study shows that there is insufficient knowledge and information in the informal sector and should be addressed *** should be intensive education on the importance of tax in the growth of businesses and the economy of the country as a *** tax systems should be monitored effectively and must be applied efficiently.

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Breakdown of Azadirachtin A in a Tropical Soil Amended with Neem Leaves and Animal Manures

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 230-236页

作者： K. AGYARKO P. K. kwakye M. BONSU B. A. OSEI N.ASARE DONKOR E. AMANOR College of Agriculture Education University of Education WinnebaMampong-Ashanti (Ghana) Department of Soil Science University of Cape Coast Cape Coast (Ghana) Department of Chemistry Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi (Ghana)

A field investigation was conducted to assess the breakdown of azadirachtin A in a tropical coastal savanna soil amended with neem leaves （NL） combined with poultry manure （PM） or cow dung （CD） using gas chromatography. Samples in polythene bags 15 cm long and 4.8 cm in diameter were randomly placed to a depth of 14 cm in the soil, and azadirachtin A concentration was assessed on days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84. Azadirachtin A degradation in the soil followed first-order reaction kinetics with different half-lives obtained for varying combinations of the amendments. Higher neem amendment levels of 100 g gave shorter half-lives of azadirachtin A than the lower levels of 50 g. Within the 50 g NL group the additions of the poultry manure and the cow dung gave significantly shorter （P 〈0.05） half-lives of azadirachtin A than the sole neem amendment, whereas in the 100 g NL group only additions of 10 g CD and 10 g PM were significantly less （P 〈 0.05） than the sole neem amendment. Different changes resulting from the kind and quantity of animal manure added were observed in the half-lives of azadirachtin A. The 100 g NL group had significantly higher （P 〈0.05） moisture content, which, coupled with the likely differeaces in microbial biomass, could be the major factor responsible for variations in the half-llfe of the compound. Therefore, the quantity of the neem leaves applied and the addition of animal manure affected the breakdown of azadirachtin A in the soil amended with neem leaves.

关键词： azadirachtin A breakdown gas chromatography manure neem leaves soil amendment

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ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITY,VALUE EVOLUTION,AND ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION OF PROFESSIONAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURSHIP:A MULTI-CASE COMPARISON IN CHINA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第1期10卷 135-148页

作者： Yifeng ZHANG Chunfang YANG bright OBUOBI Martin Kobby GRANT College of Management Shandong Vocational University of Foreign AffairsRushan 264504China College of Economics and Management Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

A comparative multi-case analysis of professional farmer entrepreneurship cases in China was performed by applying the structural hole *** results confirmed four views.(1)Choosing the modern agriculture project entrepreneurship is rational for professional farmers,who return from urban,to reduce the interference from non-market *** success of this project stems from its ability to successfully occupy the structural hole of the market trading network.(2)In economically developed areas,professional farmers start their businesses and reduce transaction costs with factors by occupying‘self-benefit’or‘mutual-benefit’structural holes in market networks.(3)In traditional agricultural areas,for reducing factor transaction costs,professional farmers occupy the organizational-governance structural hole of rural social relationship networks and the mutual-benefit structural hole of market networks to start their businesses.(4)The embedding order of these two structural holes will change depending on the differences in the local resource *** article proposes some suggestions to encourage professional farmers to develop featured agricultural projects,build a close benefit-linked mechanism with smallholders through the provision of socialized services,and participate in the governance of rural communities.

关键词： Benefit-linked mechanism featured agriculture organizational integration professional farmers rural cooperative structural hole theory

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Metal-organic framework coated titanium dioxide nanorod array p-n heterojunction photoanode for solar water-splitting

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 643-650页

作者： Hui Yang Joeseph bright Sujan Kasani Peng Zheng Terence Musho Banglin Chen Ling Huang Nianqiang Wu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6106 USA C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-6045 USA Department of Pharmaceutical Science West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506-9530 USA Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA Department of Chemistry University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249-1604 USA Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 China

This paper presents a p-n heterojunction photoanode based on a p-type porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film and an n-type rutile titanium dioxide nanorod array for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The TiO2@MOF core-shell n anorod array is formed by coati ng an 8 nm thick MOF layer on a vertically aligned TiO2 nanorod array scaffold via a layer-by-layer self-assembly method. This vertically aligned core-shell nanorod array enables a long optical path length but a short path length for extraction of photogenerated minority charge carriers (holes) from TiO2 to the electrolyte. A p-n junction is formed between TiO2 and MOF, which improves the extraction of photogenerated electr ons and holes out of the TiO2 nano rods. In additi on, the MOF coati ng sign ificantly improves the efficie ncy of charge in jecti on at the photoanode/electrolyte interface. Introduction of Co(lll) into the MOF layer further enhances the charge extraction in the photoanode and improves the charge injection efficiency. As a result, the photoelectrochemical cell with the TiO2@Co-MOF nanorod array photoanode exhibits a photocurrent density of 2.93 mA/cm^2 at 1.23 V (vs. RHE), which is ~ 2.7 times the photocurrent achieved with bare T1O2 nanorod array under irradiation of an unfiltered 300 W Xe lamp with an output power density of 100 mW/cm^2.

关键词： metal-organic framework water-splitting p-n junction photoanode titanium dioxide

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