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Habitat selection by nestbox-breeding birds and Roe Deer are incongruent within a heterogeneous woodland landscape

Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 43-48页

作者： Kevin B.briggs Mark c.Mainwaring Warton CarnforthLancashireLA59RAUK Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMT59812USA

conserving species relies upon acquiring an understanding of their use of habitat,yet our understanding of the use of habitat by co-existing species of different guilds at microgeographic scales remains *** particular,the use of habitat by woodland species is of conservation concern because of widespread declines in woodland *** bird declines have been ascribed,in part,to high deer densities because their browsing reduces the availability of nesting sites and *** quantify the microgeographic use of habitat by Roe Deer(capreolus capreolus)and of Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(cyanistes caeruleus)and Pied Flycatchers(Ficedula hypoleuca)in a heterogenous woodland *** examined the use of habitat at microgeographic scales by the deer and the three bird species in relation to whether the local habitat was flat or wet or had a path,fence or wall within a 25-m radius of 206 randomly selected *** first examined if the occupancy rates of nestboxes in those locations were correlated with the number of Roe Deer lays and second,examined if the use of habitat by the Roe Deer and the bird species were associated with each of the habitat features that we *** begin by showing that the use of habitat by Roe Deer is incongruent with the use of habitat by Great Tits,Blue Tits and Pied Flycatchers during the breeding ***,whilst all three bird species showed no,or weak,habitat preferences,the Roe Deer preferred daytime lay sites that were in flat areas of wet woodland close to paths,whilst there were no significant effects of the presence of fences and *** findings show that the Roe Deer and the three bird species differ in the use of habitat within a heterogenous woodland landscape,meaning that their use of habitat did not overlap at microgeographic ***,the deer showed preferences for flat areas of wet woodland,whilst none of the bird species exhibited such preferences,and we discuss the implications o

关键词： capreolus capreolus cyanistes caeruleus Ficedula hypoleuca Habitat use Nestboxes Nest site selection Parus major Woodlands

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Size and shape information serve as labels in the alarm calls of Gunnison＇s prairie dogs cynomys gunnisoni

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current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 741-748页

作者： c. N. SLOBODcHIKOFF William R. briggs Patricia A DENNIS Anne-Marie c. HODGE Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA Present Address: Department of Zoology and Physiology University of Wyoming Laramie WY82071 USA

Some animals have the capacity to produce different alarm calls for terrestrial and aerial predators. However, it is not clear what cognitive processes are involved in generating these calls. One possibility is the position of the predator： Anything on the ground receives a terrestrial predator call, and anything in the air receives an aerial predator call. Another possibility is that animals are able to recognize the physical features of predators and incorporate those into their calls. As a way of elucidating which of these mechanisms plays a primary role in generating the structure of different calls, we performed two field experiments with Gunnison＇s prairie dogs. First, we presented the prairie dogs with a circle, a triangle, and a square, each moving across the colony at the same height and speed. Second, we presented the prairie dogs with two squares of differing sizes. DFA statistics showed that 82.6 percent of calls for the circle and 79.2 percent of the calls for the triangle were correctly classified, and 73.3 percent of the calls for the square were classified as either square or circle. Also, 100 percent of the calls for the larger square and 90 percent of the calls for the smaller square were correctly classified. Because both squares and circles are features of terrestrial predators and triangles are features of aerial predators, our results suggest that prairie dogs might have a cognitive mechanism that labels the abstract shape and size of different predators, rather than the position of the predator [current Zoology 58 （5）： 741-748, 2012].

关键词： Gunnison's prairie dogs Prairie dogs Alarm calls Referential communication

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Dynamic Patterns of Gene Expression Additivity and Regulatory Variation throughout Maize Development

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Molecular Plant 2019年第3期12卷 410-425页

作者： Peng Zhou candice N.Hirsch Steven P.briggs Nathan M.Springer Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMN 55108USA Division of Biological Sciences University of CaliforniaSanDiegoLaJollaCA92093USA

Gene expression variation is a key component underlying phenotypic variation and heterosis. Transcriptome profiling was performed on 23 different tissues or developmental stages of two maize inbreds, B73 and Mo17, as well as their hybrid. The obtained large-scale datasets provided opportunities to monitor the developmental dynamics of differential expression, additivity for gene expression, and regulatory variation. The transcriptome can be divided into .30 000 genes that are expressed in at least one tissue of one in bred and an additional ~10 000 “silent” genes that are not expressed in any tissue of any genotype, 90% of which are non-syntenic relative to other grasses. Many (.74%) of the expressed genes exhibit differential expression in at least one tissue. However, the majority of genes with differential expression do not exhibit consistent differential expression in different tissues. These genes often exhibit tissue-specific differential expression with equivalent expression in other tissues, and in many cases they switch the directionality of differential expression in different tissues. This suggests widespread variation for tissue-specific regulation of gene expression between the two maize inbreds B73 and Mo17. Nearly 5000 genes are expressed in only one parent in at least one tissue (single parent expression) and 97% of these genes are expressed at mid-parent levels or higher in the hybrid, providing extensive opportunities for hybrid complementation in heterosis. In general, additive expression patterns are much more common than non-additive patterns, and this trend is more pronounced for genes with strong differential expression or single pare nt expressi on. There is relatively little evidence for non-additive expression patterns that are maintained in multiple tissues. The analysis of allele-specific expression allowed classification of cis. and trans-regulatory variation. Genes with c/s-regulatory variation often exhibit additive expression and tend

关键词： maize gene expression heterosis differential expression non-additive expression allele-specific expression

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真菌Batrachochytrium dendrobaidis是蛙类种群衰退的近因吗?(英文)

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动物学报 2005年第2期51卷 344-348页

作者： Shelley BURGIN c.B.ScHELL candida briggs centre for Landscape and Ecosystems Management University of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 South Penrith Distribution Centre Penrith NSW 1797 AustraliaCentre for Landscape and Ecosystems ManagementUniversity of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 South Penrith Distribution Centre Penrith NSW 1797 AustraliaCentre for Landscape and Ecosystems ManagementUniversity of Western Sydney Locked Bag 1797 South Penrith Distribution Centre Penrith NSW 1797 Australia

蛙类衰退是过去二十年来全球许多地区倍受关注的问题, 澳大利亚似乎是衰退的热点地区。当前研究所形成的主流假设是, 真菌Batachochytrium dendrobatidis 引发的壶菌病导致蛙类种群衰退。我们在毗邻农业和城市发展区的天然未开垦林地内,... 详细信息

蛙类衰退是过去二十年来全球许多地区倍受关注的问题, 澳大利亚似乎是衰退的热点地区。当前研究所形成的主流假设是, 真菌Batachochytrium dendrobatidis 引发的壶菌病导致蛙类种群衰退。我们在毗邻农业和城市发展区的天然未开垦林地内, 用陷阱捕捉三个与大面积临时湿地相连生境中的蛙类。作为这项庞大研究工作的一部分, 我们观察了壶菌流行病, 确认了这类真菌的感染率。在各年份中, 该地蛙类中仅斑点草蛙(Limnodynastes tasmaniensis) 有些个体因此类病症死亡, 尽管该种的若干近缘种亦是该地蛙类的一部分; 病疫流行的证据仅见于其中一个年份。在所有具有典型壶菌病症状死亡的动物中, 仅22%的动物表皮受真菌感染。虽然种群中存在壶菌病, 我们认为这不是影响种群内个体死亡率的近因。根据这一观察, 我们质疑B. dendro batidis 是蛙类死亡主要原因假设的正确性。

关键词：真菌感染 Batrachochytrium denrobaidis 蛙类种群衰退壶菌病

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Phototropins and Their LOV Domains：Versatile Plant Blue-Light Receptors

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第1期49卷 4-10页

作者： Winslow R. briggs Tong-Seung Tseng Hae-Young cho Trevor E. Swartz Stuart Sullivan Roberto A. Bogomolni Eirini Kaiserli John M. christie Department of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution of Washington Stanford CA 94305 USA Plant Science Group Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Department of chemistry University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

The phototropins phot1 and phot2 are plant blue-light receptors that mediate phototropism, chloroplast movements, stomatal opening, leaf expansion, the rapid Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings, and possibly solar tracking by leaves in those species in which It occurs. The phototroplns are plasma membrane-associated hydrophilic proteins with two chromophore domains （designated LOV1 and LOV2 for their resemblance to domains In other signaling proteins that detect light, oxygen, or voltage） in their Nterminal half and a classic serine/threonlne kinase domain in their c-terminal half. Both chromophore domains bind flavin mononucleotide （FMN） and both undergo light-activated formation of a covalent bond between a nearby cystelne and the c（4a） carbon of the FMN to form the signaling state. LOV2-cystelnyl adduct formation leads to the release downstream of a tightly bound amphlpathlc α-helix, a step required for activation of the klnase function. This cysteinyl adduct then slowly decays over a matter of seconds or minutes to return the photoreceptor chromophore modules to their ground state. Functional LOV2 is required for light-activated phosphorylation and for various blue-light responses mediated by the phototroplns. The function of LOV1 is still unknown, although It may serve to modulate the signal generated by LOV2. The LOV domain Is an ancient chromophore module found In a wide range of otherwise unrelated proteins In fungi and prokaryotes, the latter Including cyanobacterla, eubacterla, and archaea. Further general reviews on the phototropins are those by celaya and Liscum （2005） and christie and briggs （2005）.

关键词： blue-light receptor flavin-cysteinyl adduct LOV domain phototropin phototropism

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虚拟现实的展望

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世界科学 1997年第4期 27-28页

作者： John.c.briggs,黄群庆

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有机磷中毒机理和治疗的新进展

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国际药学研究杂志 1987年第4期 226-227页

作者： briggs.c.J 姚春芳

有机磷化合物是胆碱酯酶的强抑制剂。早已证明,对磷原子上的亲核攻击能使中毒酶脱磷酰化。抑制剂-酶键断裂可导致酶重激活。解毒剂中以N-烷基吡啶肟季铵盐的作用最为有效。肟的芳香季氮原子与酶的阴离子部位连接,可使肟进一步与磷酰化... 详细信息

有机磷化合物是胆碱酯酶的强抑制剂。早已证明,对磷原子上的亲核攻击能使中毒酶脱磷酰化。抑制剂-酶键断裂可导致酶重激活。解毒剂中以N-烷基吡啶肟季铵盐的作用最为有效。肟的芳香季氮原子与酶的阴离子部位连接,可使肟进一步与磷酰化酶形成共价键,产生磷酰化肟,释放出酶,从而恢复胆碱酯酶的活性。选择合适的肟化合物很重要,因为有些磷酰化肟本身是乙酰胆碱酯酶的强抑制剂。

关键词：有机磷中毒有机磷农药中毒中毒酶有机磷化合物

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A robust new metric of phenotypic distance to estimate and compare multiple trait differences among populations

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current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 426-439页

作者： Rebecca SAFRAN Samuel FLAXMAN Michael KOPP Darren E. IRWIN Derek briggs Matthew R. EVANS W. chris FUNK David A. GRAY Eileen A. HEBETS Nathalie SEDDON Elizabeth ScORDATO Laurel B. SYMES Joseph A. TOBIAS David P. L. TOEWS J. Albert c. UY Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. Mathematics and B iosciences Group Faculty of Mathematics University of Vienna A-1090 Vienna Austria current address Evolutionary Biology and Modeling Group Faculty of Sciences Aix-Marseille University 13331 Marseille France. Department of Zoology University of British Columbia 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z4. Research ＆ Evaluation Methodology School of Education University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 U.S.A. School of Biological and chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London London E1 4NS Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 U.S.A. Department of Biology California State University Northridge CA 91330 U.S.A. School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68588 U.S.A. Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PS UK committee on Evolutionary Biology The University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637U.S.A. Department of Biology Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 U.S.A. Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL 33146 U.S.A.

Whereas a rich literature exists for estimating population genetic divergence, metrics of phenotypic trait divergence are lacking, particularly for comparing multiple traits among three or more populations. Here, we review and analyze via simula- tion Hedges＇ g, a widely used parametric estimate of effect size. Our analyses indicate that g is sensitive to a combination of unequal trait variances and unequal sample sizes among populations and to changes in the scale of measurement. We then go on to derive and explain a new, non-parametric distance measure, ＇Aft＇, which is caiculated based upon a joint cumulative distribution function （cDF） from all populations under study. More precisely, distances are measured in terms of the percentiles in this cDF at which each population＇s median lies. Ap combines many desirable features of other distance metrics into a single metric; namely, compared to other metrics, p is relatively insensitive to unequal variances and sample sizes among the populations sam- pied. Furthermore, a key feature of Ap--and our main motivation for developing it--is that it easily accommodates simultaneous comparisons of any number of traits across any number of populations. To exemplify its utility, we employ Ap to address a ques- tion related to the role of sexual selection in speciation： are sexual signals more divergent than ecological traits in closely related taxa？ Using traits of known function in closely related populations, we show that traits predictive of reproductive performance are indeed, more divergent and more sexually dimorphic than traits related to ecological adaptation [current Zoology 58 （3）： 426-439 2012].

关键词： Effect size Phenotype divergence Sexual dimorphism Sexual selection Speciation

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重度血小板减少症时血小板计数血液分析仪的准确性以及对血小板输注的可能影响

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国外医学（输血及血液学分册） 2005年第6期28卷 558-560页

作者： Segal H c briggs.c.Kunka S 洪缨成都市血液中心

接受细胞毒治疗的恶性血液病病人预防性血小板输注的最佳血小板计数阈值尚待确定.最近的研究显示,对于没有其它危险因素的病人,血小板计数的临床判定阈值可从20×109/L降至10×109/L,而不显著增加出血危险.降低预防性血小板输注的推荐... 详细信息

接受细胞毒治疗的恶性血液病病人预防性血小板输注的最佳血小板计数阈值尚待确定.最近的研究显示,对于没有其它危险因素的病人,血小板计数的临床判定阈值可从20×109/L降至10×109/L,而不显著增加出血危险.降低预防性血小板输注的推荐阈值至10×109/L(英国血液学标准委员会,2003)或甚至更低的值的主要担心是,标准常规自动血液分析仪对低血小板计数可能不准确.

关键词：预防性血小板输注低血小板计数自动血液分析仪重度血小板减少症准确恶性血液病危险因素出血危险细胞毒

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陶瓷焊接—修补耐火材料的新研究

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武钢技术 1991年第2期29卷 68-70,67页

作者： c. Zvosec J. briggs 张道琨

陶瓷焊接是当今在北美、欧洲、日本和澳大利亚修补耐火材料的一种新工艺,现已用于修复焦炉、玻璃窑熔池和冶金炉。在通常情况下,即使正常操作也会使耐火材料经受剧烈的热应力、机械应力和化学应力,以导致耐火材料的损坏。为了延长耐火... 详细信息

陶瓷焊接是当今在北美、欧洲、日本和澳大利亚修补耐火材料的一种新工艺,现已用于修复焦炉、玻璃窑熔池和冶金炉。在通常情况下,即使正常操作也会使耐火材料经受剧烈的热应力、机械应力和化学应力,以导致耐火材料的损坏。为了延长耐火材料的使用寿命,开发新的修复工艺尤为必要。原则上,很多耐火材料都采用陶瓷焊接修补。

关键词：耐火材料陶瓷焊接修复工艺

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