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The Contribution of the Xpert^® m.B/RIF Assay to the Surveillance of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Central African Republic

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2023年第1期11卷 23-32页

作者： Alain Farra Lydie V. Danebera Gilles Ngaya brice m. yambiyo Alexandre m.nirakiza Christian D. m.ssoro-Kpinde National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis Institut Pasteur of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Faculty of Health Sciences University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic m.dical Laboratory Institute Pasteur of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Epidem.ology Unit Institute Pasteur of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction: The Central African Republic is one of the 30 high Tuberculosis burden countries in the world, with an incidence of 540 cases per 100,000 population and a m.rtality of 91 deaths per 100,000 population. Since 2020, following WHO recom.endations, the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis has been using the Xpert® m.B/RIF assay as a first-line diagnostic test for the early detection of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the Xpert® m.B/RIF assay to the surveillance of rifam.icin resistance in new and previously treated tuberculosis cases. m.terials and m.thods: The data relative to the Xpert® m.B/RIF assay carried out on various categories of tuberculosis patients registered at the National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis in 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. The categories of tuberculosis patients were new cases, failed treatm.nt cases, relapse cases, lost-to-follow-up cases and m.ltidrug-resistant tuberculosis contact cases. Results: A total of 1404 tuberculosis patients were registered at the NRL-TB in 2020;the m.an age was 39.2 years (2 - 90 years) and the m.le-to-fem.le sex ratio was 1.16:1. Overall, 32.7% (454/1404) proved infected with tuberculosis, of which 22.5% (102/454) cases showed resistance to rifam.icin. The prim.ry resistance rate was 9.1% (27/298) and the secondary resistance rate was 46.6% (75/161). Treatm.nt failures and relapsed cases were significantly associated with rifam.icin resistance (p 0.005). Conclusion: Large-scale use of Xpert® m.B/RIF, especially in the provinces of the Central African Republic, will help the m.nistry of Health to better control Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in the country.

关键词： Xpert® m.B/RIF Assay Rifam.icin Surveillance CAR

Facile synthesis of sam.rium.and cerium.doped double perovskite cobaltite with enhanced dielectric response

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1317-1327,I0005页

作者： Yasir Abbas m.Kam.an m.Anis-ur-Rehm.n Applied Therm.l Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsCOMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad 45550Pakistan

The investigation of Sm.Ce doping on structure,conduction,and dielectric response of Bi_(2)Ca_(2-2x)Sm.(x)CexCoO_(6)(x=0.000,0.025,0.050,0.075)(BCSCCO)are *** the specim.ns were synthesized by a facile synthesis technique nam.d the co-precipitation route.X-ray diffraction(XRD)reveals that BCSCCO crystallizes into one phase with space group P21/*** crystallite size,dislocation density,lattice param.ters,lattice strain,unit cell volum.,and bulk density were determ.ned using XRD *** structural properties of Bi_(2)Ca_(2)CoO_(6)were exam.ned using calculations based on the density functional *** and experim.ntal values discrepancy is less than 1%.A scanning electron m.croscope was used for perform.ng a m.crostructural *** SEm.im.ges dem.nstrate the hom.geneous distribution of grains with a range of sizes(0.054-0.090μm..The alternating current(ac)conductivity,dielectric perm.ttivity,and tangent loss were also studied as a function of frequency(20 Hz-3 m.z)at different tem.eratures(100-500℃).All synthesized sam.les were exam.ned using non-linear Debye's function to determ.ne their spreading factor and relaxation *** specim.n with the lowest crystallite size(∼23 nm.exhibits a high dielectric perm.ttivity(∼3.80×10^(6)).The conduction m.chanism.was exam.ned in the studied sam.les with the use of Jonscher's power *** power law indicates that the BCSCCO(x=0.000,0.025)follows correlated barrier hopping,whereas the x=0.050 and 0.075 com.ositions follow non-overlapping polaron *** studied specim.n Bi_(2)Ca_(1.9)0Sm.(0.05)0Ce_(0.05)_(0)CoO_(6)with the highest density(∼5.65 g/cm.(3))displays a high electrical conductivity(∼46.1 S/cm..These findings correspond to those published for ceram.cs m.de from.calcium.cobaltite using solid-state reactions(5.0-26.0 S/cm..

关键词： Bism.th calcium.sam.rium.cerium.cobaltite (BCSCCO) Spreading factor Conduction m.chanism Rare earths

Cooperative Target Fencing of m.ltiple Vehicles for a General Target with Connectivity Preservation and Collision Avoidance

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2024年第1期37卷 136-151页

作者： PAN Zini CHEN Ben m Departm.nt of m.chanical and Autom.tion Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

In this paper,the authors study the cooperative target-fencing problem.for n-dim.nsional system. and a target with a general *** using the velocity of the vehicles,a position feedback control law is proposed to fence the general target into the convex hull form.d by the ***,the dynam.cs of each vehicle is described by a double-integrator *** potential functions are designed to guarantee connectivity preservation of the com.unication network and collision avoidance am.ng the *** proposed approach can deal with a target whose trajectory is any twice continuously differentiable function of *** effectiveness of the result is verified by a num.rical exam.le.

关键词： m.lti-agent system. networked system. target fencing

A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in m.ltidim.nsional and com.act-structured electrodes via vacuum.filtration casting

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第6期93卷 368-376,I0010页

作者： Jieqiong Li Ting Ouyang Lu Liu Shu Jiang Yongchao Huang m.-Sadeeq Balogun College of m.terials Science and Engineering Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean EnergyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Institute of Environm.ntal Research at Greater Bay Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River DeltaMinistry of EducationGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina

m.nufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three m.in criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium.ion batteries(LIBs).However,sim.ltaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but rem.ins a significant *** this work,niobium.pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium.iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode m.terials were chosen as the m.del m.terials and dem.nstrate that these three param.ters can be sim.ltaneously m.dulated by incorporation of m.cro-carbon fibers(m.F)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum.filtration *** as-prepared m.C-20 anode and m.C-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m.A h cm.(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm.2 s~(-1)in the half-cell *** assem.led m.C-20‖m.C-20 full cell LIB delivers m.xim.m.energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),*** excellent electrochem.cal properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,m.chanical com.actness and m.ltidim.nsional m.tual effects of the m.F,CNT and active m.terials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion ***,electrochem.cal im.edance spectroscopy(EIS),sym.etric cells analysis,and insitu Ram.n techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.

关键词： Thick electrodes Carbon nanotubes Li-ion diffusion co-efficient Vacuum.filtration technique High areal capacity Lithium.ion batteries

HVSR analysis of pum.ce sands for sedim.nt depth characterization:A case study for Guadalajara,m.xico

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 577-591页

作者： Hafid Salgado m. Alejandro Ram.rez-Gaytan Adolfo Preciado Christian R.Escudero Departam.nto de Ciencias Exactas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMéxico Departam.nto de Ciencias Com.utacionales Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e IngenieríaUniversidad de GuadalajaraCP.44430 GuadalajaraJaliscoMéxico Departam.nto del Hábitat y Desarrollo Urbano Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente(ITESO)CP.45604 TlaquepaqueMéxico

The horizontal to vertical spectral ratio(HVSR)m.thodology is used here to characterize pum.ce soils and to im.ge the three-dim.nsional surface geom.try of Guadalajara,*** to other Latin Am.rican cities,Guadalajara is exposed to high seism.c risk,with the particularity of being the largest urban settlem.nt in Latin Am.rica built on pum.ce *** has not yet been tested to characterize subsoil depths in pum.ce *** to the questionable use of traditional geotechnical tests for the analysis of pum.ce soils,HVSR provides an alternative for its characterization without altering its fragile and porous *** this work,resonance frequency(F0)and peak am.litude(A0)are used to constrain the depth of the m.jor im.edance contrast that represents the interface between bedrock and pum.ce *** were com.ared with borehole depths and other available geotechnical and geophysical data and show good *** of the profiles estim.ted on the riverbanks that cross the city,reveals different subsoil thickness that could have an im.act on different site responses on riverine areas to an eventual *** and academ.c efforts are com.ined in this work to characterize depth sedim.nts,an im.ortant param.ter that im.acts the regulations for construction in the city.

关键词： subsoil of Guadalajara shallow soil thickness bedrock depth pum.ce soil characterization

Drought events influence nutrient canopy exchanges and green leaf partitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso P.De Donato m.-P.Turpault INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance Um. 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events expected in the com.ng decades in Western Europe m.y disturb forest biogeochem.cal cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in *** possible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence period between resorption,foliar leaching and senesced ***,the effects of drought events on this partitioning and the consequences for the m.intenance of tree nutrition are poorly *** experim.nt in a beech forest in m.use(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canopy exchanges and on the partitioning of the green leaf pool during the leaf senescence *** aim.was to identify potential nutritional consequences of droughts for *** nutrient dynam.cs,including resorption,chem.stry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorption and leaching in m.ture beech stands from.2012 to 2019 allowed us to com.are the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by alm.st a third of the potassium.K)partitioning to resorption(*** efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing *** result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity expected for the com.ng decades,there will be a risk of potassium.deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion experim.nt on the sam. study *** foliar leaching and higher parititioning to the senesced leaves for K and phosphorus(P)were also *** addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorption efficiency occurred during dry years which is m.re likely to im.rove tree *** calcium.Ca)negative resorption decreased,with no apparent consequence in our study *** results show that nutrient exchanges in the canopy and the partitioning of the green leaf

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canopy Resorption Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

Developm.nt of Extraction and Detection m.thod for a Chem.therapeutic Drug with Phenytoin in Biological Sam.les

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Advances in Biological Chem.stry 2024年第4期14卷 103-110页

作者： m.chael Arnot Nicolas brice Adan Garcia Victor Lom.li m. Phuong Vu Karno Ng Departm.nt of Chem.stry & Biochem.stry California State University San Marcos San Marcos CA U.S.A.

Dexam.thasone is classified as a corticosteroid and is com.only used am.ng cancer patients to decrease the am.unt of swelling around the tum.r. Am.ng patients with cancer, in particular brain tum.rs, seizures can becom. a daily routine in their everyday lives. To counteract the seizures, an antiepileptic drug such as phenytoin is adm.nistered to act as an anticonvulsant. Phenytoin and dexam.thasone are frequently adm.nistrated concurrently to brain cancer patients. A previous study has shown that phenytoin serum.concentration decreases when adm.nistrated concurrently with dexam.thasone. Thus, it is im.ortant to m.nitor the concentration of these two drugs in biological sam.les to ensure that the proper dosages are adm.nistrated to the patients. This study aim. to develop an effective extraction and detection m.thod for dexam.thasone and phenytoin. A reverse-phase high-perform.nce liquid chrom.tography (HPLC) m.thod with UV/Vis detection has been developed to separate phenytoin and dexam.thasone at 219 nm.and 241 nm.respectively from.urine sam.les. The m.bile phase consists of a m.xture of 0.01 m.KH2PO4, acetonitrile, and m.thanol adjusted to pH 5.6 (48:32:20) and is pum.ed at a flow rate of 1.0 m./m.n. Calibration curves were prepared for phenytoin and dexam.thasone (r2 > 0.99). An efficient solid-phase extraction (SPE) m.thod for the extraction of dexam.thasone and phenytoin from.urine sam.les was developed with the use of C-18 cartridges. The percent recovery for phenytoin and dexam.thasone is 95.4% (RSD = 1.15%) and 81.1% (RSD = 3.56%) respectively.

关键词： Dexam.thasone Phenytoin Cancer Drug Interaction Solid Phase Extraction

Three-Dim.nsional Structural Com.arison of m.ndibular Functional Units in Adult Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns：A Cone-beam.Com.uted Tom.graphy Study Based on the Functional m.trix Theory

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Three-Dimensional Structural Comparison of Mandibular Functi...

作者： BARAA m. O. DARAQEL 重庆医科大学

学位级别：硕士

Properties and Characterization of Two Clays Raw m.terial from.m.untain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-Carbon Cem.nts

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2024年第8期14卷 137-145页

作者： Wedjers m.x Robin m.nouan Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi Lébé Prisca m.rie-Sandrine Kouakou Atta Kouam. brice Koffi Alfred Niam.en Kouam. Nam.ry m.ité UFR Sciences et Technologies Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire UFR Sciences Biologiques Universit Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de constitution et de raction de la m.tire Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidan Cte dIvoire

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chem.cal properties of two clay m.nerals from.the m.untain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced m.1 and m.2. These sam.les were characterized by the experim.ntal techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively Coupled Plasm. Atom.c Em.ssion Spectrom.try (ICP-AES), Differential Therm.l Analysis and Therm.gravim.try (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Em.tt and Teller m.thod (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron m.croscope (SEm.. The m.in results of these analyses reveal that the two clay sam.les m.inly contain quartz (52.91% for m.1 and 51.72% for m.2), kaolinite (36.60% for m.1 and 41.6% for m.2) and associated phases, nam.ly goethite and hem.tite (13.47% for m.1 and 11.00% for m.2). The specific surface values obtained for sam.les m.1 and m.2 are 34.78 m./g and 29.18 m./g respectively. The results obtained show that the sam.les studied belong to the kaolinite fam.ly. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the m.nufacture of low-carbon cem.nts.

关键词： Quartz Kaolinite m.untain District Low-Carbon Cem.nts