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Long-term effects of fire frequency and season on herbaceous vegetation in savannas of the Kruger National Park,South Africa

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 71-83页

作者： Melinda D.Smith brian wvan wilgen Catherine E.Burns Navashni Govender Andre L.F.Potgieter Sandy Andelman Harry C.Biggs Judith Botha Winston S.W.Trollope Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale UniversityPO Box 208106New HavenCT 06520USA Centre for Invasion Biology Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Natural Resources and the EnvironmentPO Box 320Stellenbosch 7600South Africa North Carolina Chapter Office The Nature Conservancy4705 University DriveSuite 290DurhamNC 27707USA Scientific Services South African National ParksPrivate Bag X402Skukuza 1350South Africa Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring(TEAM)NetworkConservation International2011 Crystal DriveSuite 500ArlingtonVA 22202USA Department of Livestock and Pasture Science University of Fort HarePrivate Bag X1314Alice 5700South Africa

Aims:The long-term effects of changing fire regimes on the herbaceous component of savannas are poorly understood but essential for understanding savanna *** present results from one of the longest running(>44 years)fire experiments in savannas,the experimental burn plots(EBPs),which is located in the Kruger National Park(South Africa)and encompasses four major savanna vegetation types that span broad spatial gradients of rainfall(450–700 mm)and soil ***:Herbaceous vegetation was sampled twice in the EBPs using a modified step-point method,once prior to initiation of the experiment(1954)and again after 44–47 *** combinations of three fire frequency(1-,2-and 3-year return intervals)and five season(before the first spring rains,after the first spring rains,mid-summer,late summer and autumn)treatments,as well as a fire exclusion treatment,were applied at the plot level(;7 ha each),with each treatment(n=12 total)replicated four times at each of the four sites(n=192 plots total).The effects of long-term alterations to the fire regime on grass community structure and composition were analyzed separately for each *** Findings:Over the 44+years duration of the experiment,fires were consistently more intense on sites with higher mean annual rainfall(>570 mm),whereas fires were not as intense or consistent for sites with lower and more variable rainfall(<510 mm)and potentially higher herbivory due to greater soil *** the plots were open to grazing,the impacts of herbivory along with more variable rainfall regimes likely minimized the effects of fire for the more arid *** a consequence,fire effects on grass community structure and composition were most marked for the higher rainfall sites and generally not significant for the more arid *** the high-rainfall sites,frequent dry season fires(1-to 3-year return intervals)resulted in high grass richness,evenness and diversity,whereas fire exclusion and growing se

关键词： climate fire intensity grass herbivory soil fertility

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