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Towards estimating shade response of bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)using field-based photosynthetic properties

Grass Research 2022年第1期2卷 20-25,I0001-I0004页

作者： Jonathon L.Fox David Jespersen Lisa L.Baxter John L.Snider marc W.van Iersel brian m.Schwartz Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia2360 Rainwater Rd.TiftonGA 31794USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia1109 Experiment St.GriffinGA 30223USA Department of Horticulture University of Georgia1111 Plant Science BuildingAthensGA 30602USA

Shade tolerance is a highly desirable trait when breeding new bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)lines,but current screening methods can take many years to *** is a clear need for large-scale turfgrass breeding programs to reliably,accurately,and quickly predict shade tolerance in their *** objectives of this research were to:(i)build custom chambers to reproducibly estimate photosynthetic characteristics from turfgrass canopies at different light intensities and(ii)determine which photosynthetic characteristics are indicative of past shade performance.A custom-built chamber was constructed to determine average photosynthetic characteristics for the whole plant by studying the turfgrass canopy at natural leaf angles for light *** tolerant(11-T-56)and shade sensitive(Tifway)bermudagrass cultivars were used to examine the effectiveness of the chamber within an array of photosynthetic characteristics when the grasses were grown in full-sun and 73%shade *** compensation point,chlorophyll content,quantum yield,dark respiration rate,and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were evaluated in this *** on the results of this study,the authors recommend that light compensation point or maximum quantum yield be further evaluated as an accurate indicator of shade tolerance when performed in the field on spring days with grasses grown in full sun or 73%shade *** Rd rates and ambient temperatures on spring days appear to minimize unexplained variance in the data,which would allow researchers to better detect genotypic differences during this season.

关键词： breeding field estimating

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Biliary endoscopy in the management of primary sclerosing cholangitis and its complications

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Liver Research 2019年第2期3卷 106-117页

作者： brian m.Fung James H.Tabibian University of California Los Angeles-Olive View Internal medicine Residency Program SylmarCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-University of California Los Angeles Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is a chronic,idiopathic,cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile *** can affect individuals of all age groups and gender,has no established pharmacotherapy,and is associated with a variety of neoplastic(***)and non-neoplastic(*** strictures)hepatobiliary *** these considerations,endoscopy plays a major role in the care of patients with *** this review,we discuss and provide updates regarding endoscopic considerations in the management of hepatobiliary manifestations and complications of *** evidence is limited,we suggest pragmatic approaches based on currently available data and expert opinion.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) Biliary tract disease Balloon dilation Cholangioscopy Dominant stricture Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)

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Formation of a 40 A DC Current Arc During the Opening of Silver Contacts

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Plasma Science and Technology 2014年第5期16卷 471-478页

作者： m'hammed ABBAOUI André LEFORT Erwann CARVOU Damien SALLAIS James brian Alexander mITCHELL Noureddine BEN JEmAA Clermont Université Université d'AuvergneEA 3120LAEPTBP 10448F-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Equipe Contacts Electriques IPR(UMR CNRS 6251)Universite de Rennes 135042 Rennes CedexFrance

The erosion of silver contacts due to break arcs with length proportional to time and of variable duration has been measured by weighing the contacts following 5000 openings at a constant current equal to 40 *** experimental results show that,for arc durations shorter than 60 μs,the transfer of metal from the anode to the cathode occurs,but after passing this stage,when the two electrodes are separated by greater distances,each will display *** is the result of the diffusion of material outside the space between the two *** order to interpret these results,we have applied a classical model of the physical phenomena occurring at the root of the *** of the experimental results shows that for an arc duration of less than15 μs,no distinct cathode root is seen to exist,but beyond this,several spots appear gradually on the cathode for arc duration up to 50 μs,after which they merge into a single *** comparison between experiment results and theoretical interpretation is reasonable up to 60 μs.

关键词： arc root cathode spot anode spot erosion contacts current density

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Evidence of proteins, chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in exceptionally preserved dinosaur cartilage

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 815-822页

作者： Alida m.Bailleul Wenxia Zheng John R.Horner brian K.Hall Casey m.Holliday mary H.Schweitzer Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Department of Geology University of Lund Honors Program Chapman University Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri North Carolina museum of Natural Sciences Department of Biology Dalhousie University

A histological ground-section from a duck-billed dinosaur nestling(Hypacrosaurus stebingeri) revealed microstructures morphologically consistent with nuclei and chromosomes in cells within calcified *** hypothesized that this exceptional cellular preservation extended to the molecular level and had molecular features in common with extant avian cartilage. Histochemical and immunological evidence supports in situ preservation of extracellular matrix components found in extant cartilage, including glycosaminoglycans and collagen type II. Furthermore, isolated Hypacrosaurus chondrocytes react positively with two DNA intercalating stains. Specific DNA staining is only observed inside the isolated cells, suggesting endogenous nuclear material survived fossilization. Our data support the hypothesis that calcified cartilage is preserved at the molecular level in this mesozoic material, and suggest that remnants of once-living chondrocytes, including their DNA, may preserve for millions of years.

关键词： cartilage dinosaur nuclei chromosomes collagen Ⅱ DNA markers

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Use of non-timber forest products from invasive alien Prosopis species(mesquite) and native trees in South Africa: implications for management

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 197-207页

作者： Ross T Shackleton David C Le maitre brian W van Wilgen David m Richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University Centre for Invasion Biology Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCSIR

Background: Prosopis species have been introduced to many areas outside their native range to provide benefits to local communities. Several Prosopis species and their hybrids(hereafter "mesquite") have, however, become naturalised and invasive and now generate substantial costs. management options are limited because of the complex conflicts of interest regarding benefits and costs. management policies and strategies must take account of such conflicts, but further insights are needed on the dimensions of uses and impacts before such information can be usefully applied. Current policy in South Africa allows for the growth and use of mesquite in one province,but not in others where its control is mandatory. We report on a study to quantify the direct use and perceptions of non-timber forest products(NTFPs) from mesquite and native trees in South ***: Semi-structures household interviews were conducted with various stakeholder groups to identify what tree products are used, to ascertain amounts used as well as to gauge perceptions of natural resource use between different tree species and use over ***: The direct household use value of native trees was higher than that of mesquite, and local stakeholders attached greater value to products from native trees than from mesquite. Therefore, native trees are and will still be preferentially harvested, and mesquite is unlikely to offer protection to native species by providing an alternative source of products. mesquite pods do, however, provide valuable additional resources(fodder and medicinal products). The use of both native trees and mesquite is decreasing as the incomes of poorer households rise and as alternative energy sources become available. The benefits and reliance on mesquite are not as high as previously assumed and the impacts from mesquite invasions create large problems for local ***: This study provides further evidence that the impacts of mesquite exceed the benefi

关键词： Biological invasions Conflicts of interests Cost v

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SmRT-AgRenSeq-d in potato (Solanum tuberosum) as a method to identify candidates for the nematode resistance Gpa5

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 271-279页

作者： Yuhan Wang Lynn H.Brown Thomas m.Adams Yuk Woon Cheung Jie Li Vanessa Young Drummond T.Todd miles R.Armstrong Konrad Neugebauer Amanpreet Kaur brian Harrower Stan Oome Xiaodan Wang micha Bayer Ingo Hein Division of Plant Sciences at the Hutton The University of DundeeErrol RoadInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK The James Hutton Institute Errol RoadInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK College of Plant Protection China Agricultural UniversityHaidian DistrictBeijing100083China James Hutton Limited The James Hutton InstituteErrol RoadInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland Errol RoadInvergowrieDundeeDD25DAUK Crop Research Centre TeagascOak ParkCarlow R93 XE12Ireland HZPC Research B.V.HZPC Edisonweg 58501 XG JoureNetherlands

Potato is the thirdmost important food crop in *** pathogens threaten sustainable crop production but can be controlled,in many cases,through the deployment of disease resistance genes belonging to the family of nucleotide-binding,leucine-rich-repeat(NLR)*** identify effective disease resistance genes in established varieties,we have successfully established SmRT-AgRenSeq in tetraploid potatoes and have further enhanced the methodology by including dRenSeq in an approach that we term *** inclusion of dRenSeq enables the filtering of candidates after the association analysis by establishing a presence/absence matrix across resistant and susceptible varieties that is translated into an F1 *** a SmRT-RenSeq-based sequence representation of the NLRome from the cultivar Innovator,SmRT-AgRenSeq-d analyses reliably identified the late blight resistance benchmark genes Rpi-R1,Rpi-R2-like,Rpi-R3a,and Rpi-R3b in a panel of 117 varieties with variable phenotype *** benchmark genes were identified with an F1 score of 1,which indicates absolute linkage in the *** method also identified nine strong candidates for Gpa5 that controls the potato cyst nematode(PCN)species Globodera pallida(pathotypes Pa2/3).Assuming that NLRs are involved in controlling many types of resistances,SmRT-AgRenSeq-d can readily be applied to diverse crops and pathogen systems.

关键词： resistance linkage crops

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Diagnosis and management of ureteral complications following renal transplantation

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第4期2卷 202-207页

作者： brian D.Duty John m.Barry Department of Urology Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Department of Surgery Division of Abdominal Organ TransplantationOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA

When compared with maintenance dialysis,renal transplantation affords patients with end-stage renal disease better long-term survival and a better quality of *** 9% of patients will develop a major urologic complication following kidney *** complications are most common and include obstruction(intrinsic and extrinsic),urine leak and vesicoureteral *** anastomotic strictures result from technical error or ureteral *** dilation or endoureterotomy may be considered for short,low-grade strictures,but open reconstruction is associated with higher success *** leak usually occurs in the early postoperative *** 60% of patients can be successfully managed with a pelvic drain and urinary decompression(nephrostomy tube,ureteral stent,and indwelling bladder catheter).Proximal,large-volume,or leaks that persist despite urinary diversion,require open *** reflux is common following *** with recurrent pyelonephritis despite antimicrobial prophylaxis require surgical *** injection may be considered in recipients with low-grade *** IV and V reflux are best managed with open reconstruction.

关键词： Renal transplantation Ureteral stricture Ureteral obstruction Urine leak Vesicoureteral reflux

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From biomimicry to bioelectronics:Smart materials for cardiac tissue engineering

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1253-1267页

作者： Olurotimi A.Bolonduro Breanna m.Duffy Akshita A.Rao Lauren D.Black brian P.Timko Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts 02155USA Department of Cell Molecular&Developmental BiologySchool of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityMassachusetts 02111USA

Effective strategies in cardiac tissue engineering require matrices that recapitulate the mechanical,topographic and electrical cues present in the native extracellular *** this review,we discuss recent efforts in materials science and nanotechnology to achieve functional three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds that modulate and monitor cardiac tissue *** consider key design considerations,including choice of biopolymer matrix,cell sources,and delivery methods for eventual *** then discuss how solid-state nanomaterials may be integrated within these systems to provide unique electrical and nanotopographic cues that improve electromechanical *** describe how these approaches may be extended to complex,spatially heterogeneous constructs using 3D bioprinting ***,we describe how scaffold materials may be augmented with bioelectronic components to achieve hybrid myocardium that monitors or controls electrophysiological ***,these approaches provide a framework for achieving cardiac tissues with tunable,rationally-designed *** discuss future prospects and remaining challenges for clinical translation.

关键词： cardiac tissue engineering extracellular matrix nanomaterial bioelectronics cyborg

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High-Content Screening and Analysis of Stem Cell-Derived Neural Interfaces Using a Combinatorial Nanotechnology and machine Learning Approach

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研究(英文) 2023年第1期2022卷 153-167页

作者： Letao Yang brian m.Conley Jinho Yoon Christopher Rathnam Thanapat Pongkulapa Brandon Conklin Yannan Hou Ki-Bum Lee Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Rutgers UniversityThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

A systematic investigation of stem cell-derived neural interfaces can facilitate the discovery of the molecular mechanisms behind cell behavior in neurological disorders and accelerate the development of stem cell-based ***,high-throughput investigation of the cell-type-specific biophysical cues associated with stem cell-derived neural interfaces continues to be a significant obstacle to *** this end,we developed a combinatorial nanoarray-based method for high-throughput investigation of neural interface micro-/nanostructures(physical cues comprising geometrical,topographical,and mechanical aspects)and the effects of these complex physical cues on stem cell fate ***,by applying a machine learning(mL)-based analytical approach to a large number of stem cell-derived neural interfaces,we comprehensively mapped stem cell adhesion,differentiation,and proliferation,which allowed for the cell-type-specific design of biomaterials for neural interfacing,including both adult and human-induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)with varying genetic *** short,we successfully demonstrated how an innovative combinatorial nanoarray and mL-based platform technology can aid with the rational design of stem cell-derived neural interfaces,potentially facilitating precision,and personalized tissue engineering applications.

关键词： overcome neural rational

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Synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of flower-like motifs and associated composites of nitrogen-enriched tungsten nitride(W2N3)

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1434-1443页

作者： Sha Tan brian m.Tackett Qun He Ji Hoon Lee Jingguang G.Chen Stanislaus S.Wong Department of Chemistry State University of New York at Stony BrookStony BrookNY 11794-3400USA Department of Chemical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Chemistry Department Building 555Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA

We have sought to improve the electrocatalytic performance of tungsten nitride through synthetic control over chemical composition and *** particular,we have generated a thermodynamically unstable but catalytically promising nitrogen-rich phase of tungsten via a hydrothermal generation of a tungsten oxide intermediate and subsequent annealing in *** net product consisted of three-dimensional(3D)micron-scale flower-like motifs of W2N3;this architecture not only evinced high structural stability but also incorporated the favorable properties of constituent two-dimensional *** a performance perspective,as-prepared 3D W2N3 demonstrated promising hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activities,especially in an acidic environment with a measured overpotential value of−101 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm^*** further enhance the electrocatalytic activity,small amounts of precious metal nanoparticles(such as Pt and Au),consisting of variable sizes,were uniformly deposited onto the underlying 3D W2N3 motifs using a facile direct deposition method;these composites were applied towards the CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR).A highlight of this series of experiments was that Au/W2N3 composites were found to be a much more active HER(as opposed to either a CO2RR or a methanol oxidation reaction(mOR))catalyst.

关键词： tungsten nitride synthesis composite morphology control electrocatalysis

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