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Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第42期17卷 4682-4688页

作者： Dana L Bruden Michael G Bruce Karen M Miernyk julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan j Parkinson brian j McMahon Arctic Investigations Program Division of Preparedness and Emerging InfectionsNational Center for Emerging Zoonoses and Infectious DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Anchorage

AIM： TO evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasive tests in a population of Alaska Native persons. High rates of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylon] infection, H. pyIori treatment failure, and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status at multiple time points over a patient＇s *** test, 13C urea breath test （UBT）, and immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori test by culture or, in case of a negative culture result, by positive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS： The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C- UBT were 93% and 88%, respectively, relative to the gold standard. The antibody test had an equivalent sensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%. The false positive results for the antibody test were associated with previous treatment for an H. pylorlinfection [relative risk （RR） = 2.8]. High levels of antibodies to H. py/or/were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender, while high scores in the 13C-UBT test were associated with older age and with theH. pylori bacteria load on histological examination （RR = 4.4）. CONCLUSION： The 13C-UBT outperformed the antibody test for H. pylori and could be used when a noninvasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment outcome or when monitoring for reinfection.

关键词： Urea breath test Antibody test Sensitivity Specificity

Performance Testing of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids to Simulate In-Use Conditions

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润滑油 2010年第6期25卷 28-32,48页

作者： brian j.Bentley Southwest Research Institute U.S.A.

Tractor hydraulic fluids are tested to maximize their performance levels and to ensure manufacturer′s standards are *** tractor hydraulic fluid tests include: Gear Wear Protection,Brake Chatter Reduction,Wet-Clutch Capacity,and Pump Performance *** tests are run by Southwest Research Institute,in the U.S.A.,for tractors built by john Deere and Case-New *** paper details current methods for evaluating tractor hydraulic *** tests that are described utilize full size equipment and were developed by the tractor′s original equipment manufacturers(OEMs).

关键词： Use Conditions Hydraulic Fluids Testing hydraulic fluids performance Pump Performance methods for Research levels paper OEMs Case Wet New

Dietary nano chromium picolinate can ameliorate some of the impacts of heat stress in cross-bred sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 198-205页

作者： Alex T.Hung brian j.Leury Matthew A.Sabin Fahri Fahri Kristy DiGiacomo Tu-Fa Lien Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Department of Animal Science National Chiayi UniversityChina Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUnited Kingdom

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano chromium picolinate(nCrPic)during heat stress(HS)in *** the initial study,36 Merino×Poll cross-bred sheep were individually penned and allocated to 3 dietary treatments(0,400 and 800μg/kg nCrPic)for 8 *** composition was determined at the beginning and end of the experiment using dual energy X-ray *** sheep remained in their dietary groups but were then placed in metabolic cages and randomly allocated within the dietary group to differing ambient temperature regimes,i.e.,thermo-neutral(TN)(n=18)and HS(n=18),for 3 *** nCrPic had no effect on growth performance and body composition during the initial study conducted under TN *** stress decreased average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P=0.002)whereas sheep under HS had reduced average daily gain(ADG)and indeed lost weight(P<0.001).Dietary nCrPic increased both ADFI(P=0.041)and ADG(P=0.049)under both TH and HS conditions such that the performance of sheep receiving supplemental nCrPic and exposed to HS was similar to that of control sheep maintained under TN *** stress increased rectal temperature(P<0.001)and respiration rate(P<0.001),particularly during the hottest parts of the day as indicated by interactions(P<0.001)between time of day and thermal *** temperature was lower in sheep fed nCrPic(P=0.050),particularly under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and time of day(P<0.001)and dietary nCrPic,thermal treat-ment and time of day(P=0.010).Similarly,respiration rate was lower in sheep fed nCrPic under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and thermal treatment(P<0.001)and dietary nCrPic and time of day(P=0.030).In conclusion,dietary nCrPic can partially ameliorate the negative effects of HS as indicated by the maintenance of ADFI and decreased physiological responses,such as elevatio

关键词： Chromium picolinate Sheep Heat stress Nanotechnology Physiology

An Assessment of Burs Designed to Cut Zirconia

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Open journal of Stomatology 2017年第5期7卷 277-282页

作者： brian j. Millar Restorative Dentistry King’s College London Dental Institute London UK

Objective: Zirconia is increasingly being used in restorative dentistry but its removal is often a difficult procedure due to its resistance to cutting with conventional diamond burs. Zirconia cutting burs have been developed and this study aims to compare 4 such burs. Methods: 35 experienced restorative dentists selected from our Practice Based Network (PBN) were asked to evaluate the cutting of a 1 mm groove into zirconia using 4 burs A (Meisinger), B (ZR2-1 experimental bur from DIATECH), C (Komet) & D (DIATECH Z-Rex, a bur designed with enhanced bonding of diamond grit to bur shank). Responses regarding cutting time, performance and wear were recorded. Results: For best cutting times and also overall performance D performed best and C the worst, with little difference between burs A and B. Bur C also performed least well for wear on the bur. Conclusion: The newly designed zirconia cutting bur DIATECH Z-Rex with enhanced bonding of diamond grit performed best in the analysis by the 35 dentists.

关键词： Burs Zirconia Removal

Some Thoughts on Tax Certainty

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax journal 2021年第1期2卷 91-103页

作者： brian j.Arnold Canadian Tax Foundation

The G20/OECD BEPS Project has resulted in many changes to both domestic law and tax treaties,including the adoption of anti-hybrid rules,earningsstripping rules to restrict the deduction of interest expenses,enhanced transfer pricing rules and a multilateral treaty modifying hundreds of tax treaty *** extensive changes led to calls from both taxpayers and governments for enhancements to tax *** BRITACOM has embraced these calls for enhanced tax certainty and made it one of its priority action *** article puts current discussions about tax certainty into a broader context of the international tax *** describes the nature and importance of tax certainty as a fundamental tax policy goal as well as the frequent conflicts between certainty and fairness in designing tax legislation and reviews the recent work of the IMF,the OECD and the BRITACOM on tax *** article then explores the major sources of uncertainty,including deficiencies in tax legislation and tax administration,and discusses some methods for improving tax certainty for developing countries,including drafting better tax legislation,streamlining tax administration and adopting more efficient dispute-resolution mechanisms.

关键词： Tax certainty Policy goal

Urban Consumer Attitudes to Fresh Produce Safety in China

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journal of Food Science and Engineering 2016年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： brian j. Revell Harper Adams University Newport Shropshire TF10 8NB United Kingdom

The objective of this study was to explain the determinants of the fresh vegetables purchase decision by Chinese urban consumers in Beijing including awareness and attitudes to food safety, and their willingness to pay （WTP） more for specific safety characteristics when buying fresh vegetables. The research rationale arises out of a history of food safety scares and scandals in China, and a national government response to promote quality assurance and safety through labelling. The primary hypothesis was that an understanding of food safety systems and product labelling, and trust in supply chain integrity would be key determinants in consumer willingness to purchase and pay more for safety assured vegetables. Based on a questionnaire survey of consumers in Beijing, the analysis found that the major factors underlying the purchase decision of fresh vegetables were product freshness, convenience and competitive price rather than assured product labelling. The decisions whether to purchase assurance-labelled vegetables and WTP more for chemical residue-free product were analysed by binomial and ordinal multinomial logit modelling respectively. It revealed a WTP moreof between 20% and 40%. Monthly household income was a key determinant of both quality assured product and WTP, together with degree of concern over residues, trust in retailer and assurance labels and place of purchase. The results suggest much still remains to be done to build trust though rigorous monitoring and enforcement of food safety standards to improve supply chain integrity and consumer confidence.

关键词： Food safety fresh produce consumer preferences China logit modelling WTP

Establishment of Withania somnifera Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Withanolide A

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第8期50卷 975-981页

作者： Hosakatte N. Murthy Camelia Dijkstra Paul Anthony Daniel A. White Mike R. Davey j. brian Power Eun j. Hahn Kee Y. Paek Plant Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea Department of Botany Karnatak University Dharwad 580 003 India Food Sciences Division School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology Chungbuk National University Cheongju 361-763 Korea

Withania sominifera （Indian ginseng） was transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Explants from seedling roots, stems, hypocotyls, cotyledonary nodal segments, cotyledons and young leaves were inoculated with A. rhizogenes strain R1601. Hairy （transformed） roots were induced from cotyledons and leaf explants. The transgenic status of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using nptll and rolB specific primers and, subsequently, by Southern analysis for the presence of nptll and rolB genes in the genomes of transformed roots. Four clones of hairy roots were established; these differed in their morphology. The doubling time of faster growing cultures was 8-14 d with a fivefold increase in biomass after 28 d compared with cultured, non-transformed seedling roots. MS-based liquid medium was superior for the growth of transformed roots compared with other culture media evaluated （SH, LS and N6）, with MS-based medium supplemented with 40 g/L sucrose being optimal for biomass production. Cultured hairy roots synthesized withanolide A, a steroidal lactone of medicinal and therapeutic value. The concentration of withanolide A in transformed roots （157.4 μg/g dry weight） was 2.7-fold more than in non-transformed cultured roots （57.9 μg/g dry weight）.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy (transformed) roots Indian ginseng transformation withanolide A

A comparison of artificial urinary sphincter outcomes after primary implantation and first revision surgery

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Asian journal of Urology 2021年第3期8卷 298-302页

作者： Kevin j.Hebert brian j.Linder Griffin T.Morrisson Laureano Rangel Latuche Daniel S.Elliott Department of Urology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Objective:The artificial urinary sphincter(AUS)is the gold standard for severe male stress urinary incontinence,though evaluations of specific predictors for device outcomes are *** sought to compare outcomes between primary and revision AUS surgery for non-infectious ***:We identified 2045 consecutive AUS surgeries at Mayo Clinic(Rochester,MN,USA)from 1983 to *** these,1079 were primary AUS implantations and 281 were initial revision surgeries,which comprised our study *** survival rates,including overall and specific rates for device infection/erosion,urethral atrophy and mechanical failure,were compared between primary AUS placements versus revision *** follow-up was obtained through office examination,written correspondence,or telephone ***:During the study period,1079(79.3%)patients had a primary AUS placement and 281(20.7%)patients underwent a first revision surgery for mechanical failure or urethral *** undergoing revision surgery were found to have adverse 1-and 5-year AUS device survival on Kaplan-Meier analysis,90%vs.85% and 74%vs.61%,respectively(p<0.001).Specifically,revision surgery was associated with a significantly increased cumulative incidence of explantation for device infection/urethral erosion(4.2%vs.7.5%at 1 year;p=0.02),with similar rates of repeat surgery for mechanical failure(p=0.43)and urethral atrophy(p=0.77).Conclusions:Our findings suggest a significantly higher rate of overall device failure following revision AUS surgery,which is likely secondary to an increased rate of infection/urethral erosion events.

关键词： Artificial urinary sphincter Outcomes Revision Urinary incontinence Urethra Post prostatectomy incontinence

Familial Alzheimer's disease modelling using induced pluripotent stem cell technology

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World journal of Stem Cells 2014年第2期6卷 239-247页

作者： Lisa Mohamet Natalie j Miazga Christopher M ward Stem Cell Biology Group Core Technology FacilityFaculty of Human and Medical SciencesThe University of Manchester

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which patients exhibit gradual loss of memory that impairs their ability to learn or carry out daily *** of AD is difficult,particularly in early stages of the disease,and largely consists of cognitive assessments,with only one in four patients being correctly *** of novel therapeutics for the treatment of AD has proved to be a lengthy,costly and relatively unproductive process with attrition rates of>90%.As a result,there are no cures for AD and few treatment options available for ***,there is a pressing need for drug discovery platforms that can accurately and reproducibly mimic the AD phenotype and be amenable to high content screening ***,we discuss the use of induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs),which can be derived from adult cells,as a method of recapitulation of AD phenotype in *** assess their potential use in high content screening assays and the barriers that exist to realising their full potential in predictive efficacy,toxicology and disease *** present,a number of limitations need to be addressed before the use of iPSC technology can be fully realised in AD therapeutic ***,whilst the use of AD-derived iPSCs in drug discovery remains a fledgling field,it is one with immense potential that is likely to reach fruition within the next few years.

关键词： Human induced pluripotent stem cells Alzheimer’ s disease Neurodegenerative diseases High-throughput screening assays Cholinergic neurons Drug discovery Stratified medicine