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Significance of Vibrio species in the marine organic carbon cycle-A review

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第10期61卷 1357-1368页

作者： Xiaohua ZHANG Heyu LIN Xiaolei WANG brian austin College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266071 China Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirling FK9 4LA UK

The genus Vibrio,belonging to Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria,is a genetically and ecologically diverse group of heterotrophic bacteria,that are ubiquitous in marine environments,especially in coastal *** particular,vibrios dominate,*** to 10%of the readily culturable marine bacteria in these *** distribution of Vibrio *** shaped by various environmental parameters,notably temperature,salinity and dissolved organic *** utilize a wide range of organic carbon compounds,including chitin(this may be metabolized by most Vibrio spp.),alginic acid and *** Vibrio *** very short replication times(as short as～10 min),which could facilitate them developing into high biomass content albeit for relatively short *** *** comprise a minor portion(typically^1%of the total bacterioplankton in coastal waters)of the total microbial population,they have been shown to proliferate explosively in response to various nutrient pulses,e.g.,organic nutrients from algae blooms and iron from Saharan ***,Vibrio *** exert large impacts on marine organic carbon cycling especially in marginal *** and related areas of investigation will reveal more about the molecular components and mechanisms involved in Vibrio-mediated biotransformation and remineralization processes.

关键词： Vibrio Ecology Carbon cycle Marine Organic carbon

Vibrioharveyi: a serious pathogen offish and invertebrates in mariculture

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第3期2卷 231-245页

作者： Xiao-Hua Zhang Xinxin He brian austin MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding College of Marine Lite Sciences.Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirling FK94LAScotlandUK

Vibrio harveyi,which belongs to family Vibrionaceae of class G cunmap rote obacte ria,includes the species *** char iae and *** as its junior *** organism is a well-recognized and serious bacterial pathogen of marine fish and invertebrates,including penaeid shrimp,in *** fish may exhibit a range of lesions,including eye lesions/blindness,gastro-enteritis,muscle necrosis,skin ulcers,and tail rot *** shrimp,*** is regarded as the etiological agent of luminous vibriosis in which affected animals glow in the *** is a second condition of shrimp known as Bolitas negricans where the digestive tract is filled with spheres of sloughed-off *** is recognized that the pathogenicity mechanisms of *** may be different in fish and penaeid *** shrimp,the pathogenicity mechanisms involved the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide,and extracellular proteases,and interaction with *** fish,the pathogenicity mechanisms involved extracellular hemolysin(encoded by duplicate hemolysin genes),which was identified as a phospholipase B and could inactivate fish cells by apoptosis,via the caspase activation *** may enter the so-called viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state,and resuscitation of the VBNC cells may be an important reason for vibriosis outbreaks in *** control measures center on dietary supplements(including probiotics),nonspecific immunostimulants,and vaccines and to a lesser extent antibiotics and other antimicrobial compounds.

关键词： Vibrio harveyi Pathogen Fish Invertebrates Aquaculture

Viable but nonculturable bacteria and their resuscitation:implications for cultivating uncultured marine microorganisms

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2021年第2期3卷 189-203页

作者： Xiao-Hua Zhang Waqar Ahmad Xiao-Yu Zhu Jixiang Chen brian austin College of Marine Life Sciences and Institute of Evolution&Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao266071China School of Petrochemical Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirlingFK94LAScotlandUK

Culturing has been the cornerstone of microbiology since Robert Koch first successfully cultured bacteria in the late nineteenth century. However, even today, the majority of microorganisms in the marine environment remain uncultivated. There are various explanations for the inability to culture bacteria in the laboratory, including lack of essential nutrients, osmotic support or incubation conditions, low growth rate, development of micro-colonies, and the presence of senescent or viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells. In the marine environment, many bacteria have been associated with dormancy, as typified by the VBNC state. VBNC refers to a state where bacteria are metabolically active, but are no longer culturable on routine growth media. It is apparently a unique survival strategy that has been adopted by many microorganisms in response to harsh environmental conditions and the bacterial cells in the VBNC state may regain culturability under favorable conditions. The resuscitation of VBNC cells may well be an important way to cultivate the otherwise uncultured microorganisms in marine environments. Many resuscitation stimuli that promote the restoration of culturability have so far been identified;these include sodium pyruvate, quorum sensing autoinducers, resuscitation-promoting factors Rpfs and YeaZ, and catalase. In this review, we focus on the issues associated with bacterial culturability, the diversity of bacteria entering the VBNC state, mechanisms of induction into the VBNC state, resuscitation factors of VBNC cells and implications of VBNC resuscitation stimuli for cultivating these otherwise uncultured microorganisms. Bringing important microorganisms into culture is still important in the era of high-throughput sequencing as their ecological functions in the marine environment can often only be known through isolation and cultivation.

关键词： VBNC Cultivating the uncultured Resuscitation Marine microorganisms

Phylotype resolved spatial variation and association patterns of planktonic Thaumarchaeota in eastern Chinese marginal seas

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2023年第2期5卷 257-270页

作者： Jiwen Liu Fuyan Huang Jiao Liu Xiaoyue Liu Ruiyun Lin Xiaosong Zhong brian austin Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationQingdao 266100China Institute of Aquaculture University of StirlingStirling FK94LAScotlandUK

The majority of marine ammonia oxidizers belong to Thaumarchaeota,a phylum of Archaea,which is distributed throughout the water *** surface waters contain distinct thaumarchaeotal phylotypes compared to the deeper ocean,but spatial dynamics of the surface-associated lineages are largely *** study of 120 seawater samples from the eastern Chinese marginal seas identifed contrasting distribution and association patterns among thaumarchaeotal phylotypes across diferent ***,Nitrosopumilus-like and Nitrosopelagicus-like phylotypes dominated the surface water(3 m)of the Yellow Sea(YS)and East China Sea(ECS),respectively,along with increased abundance of total free-living Thaumarchaeota in *** compositional changes were observed in the surface *** spatial heterogeneity of particle-attached Thaumarchaeota was less clear in surface microlayers than in surface ***,the Nitrosopelagicus-like phylotype increased in abundance from surface to 90 m in ECS,which led to an increase in the proportion of Thaumarchaeota relative to total *** occurred mainly in the free-living *** results indicate a clear size-fractionated niche partitioning,which is more pronounced at lower depths than in the surface water/surface *** addition,associations of Thaumarchaeota with other microbial taxa varied between phylotypes and size *** results show that a phylotype-resolved and size-fractionated spatial heterogeneity of the thaumarchaeotal community is present in surface oceanic waters and a vertical variation of the Nitrosopelagicus-like phylotype is present in shallow shelf waters.

关键词： Thaumarchaeota Phylotype Association pattern Spatial variation Surface microlayer Chinese marginal seas

多校区大学治理的权力关系——来自西方大学的实践与反思

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中国高教研究 2016年第8期 49-54页

作者： Ian O’brian austin 韩梦洁西印度大学-开放校园继续和职业教育中心大连理工大学高等教育研究院讲师辽宁大连116024

随着多校区数量的增加,多校区大学的治理问题也备受关注。究其本质而言,大学治理即是大学利益相关者在处理学校事务过程中所形成的权力关系。以西印度大学为案例,分析多校区大学治理的复杂权力关系。在这所拥有四十余个校址和十七个不... 详细信息

随着多校区数量的增加,多校区大学的治理问题也备受关注。究其本质而言,大学治理即是大学利益相关者在处理学校事务过程中所形成的权力关系。以西印度大学为案例,分析多校区大学治理的复杂权力关系。在这所拥有四十余个校址和十七个不同国家政府资助的大学中,总体上采用了类似于"联邦-州"或"联邦-省"式的"多层治理结构",其中大学层负责整个大学的行政协调和控制等职能,各分校区向大学负责并作为一个自治机构以独立法人形式运行,其内部权力是基于平等的而非集权的关系进行配置。值得注意的是,高等教育的善治不仅是一种结构,而且是基于民主参与的社会关系体系——存在于内部和外部关系之中。

关键词：多校区大学治理权力关系机构绩效

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弧菌在海洋有机碳循环中的重要作用

中国科学：地球科学 2018年第12期48卷 1527-1539页

作者：张晓华林禾雨王晓磊 brian austin 中国海洋大学海洋生命学院青岛266003 青岛海洋科学技术国家实验室海洋生态学和环境科学实验室青岛266071 Institute of Aquaculture University of Stirling

弧菌(Vibrio)属于变形菌门中的γ-变形菌纲,是一类兼具遗传多样性与生态多样性的异养细菌,广泛分布于海洋环境中,尤其是近岸区域.弧菌是这些生境中可培养细菌的优势类群,其占比可高达10%.弧菌的分布受各种环境因子的控制,尤其是温度、... 详细信息

弧菌(Vibrio)属于变形菌门中的γ-变形菌纲,是一类兼具遗传多样性与生态多样性的异养细菌,广泛分布于海洋环境中,尤其是近岸区域.弧菌是这些生境中可培养细菌的优势类群,其占比可高达10%.弧菌的分布受各种环境因子的控制,尤其是温度、盐度和溶解有机碳.弧菌可以利用多种大分子有机化合物,包括几丁质(大多数弧菌可以参与其代谢)、褐藻胶和琼脂等.许多弧菌具有很短的复制时间(代时短至10min),可使它们在短时间内发展达到较高的生物量.尽管弧菌通常只占总微生物种群的一小部分(约占近岸水体总浮游细菌的1%),但已有研究表明,它们在各种富营养条件下(如发生藻类水华时增加的有机物以及来自撒哈拉沙漠沙尘暴沉降的铁离子)可爆发性繁殖.因此,弧菌可能对海洋(尤其边缘海区域)有机碳循环产生巨大的影响.在基因组学和相关研究领域的探索,将会在分子水平上揭示更多的关于弧菌介导的生物转化和再矿化机制.

关键词：弧菌生态碳循环海洋有机碳

No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： austin Dotta Batur Yaman Alex Van Huynh Department of Biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian *** studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and *** we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging *** use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field ***).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site *** did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging *** results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： Foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

Determination of Natural Logarithm of Diffusion Coefficient and Activation Energy of Thin Layer Drying Process of Ginger Rhizome Slices

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2024年第1期12卷 213-228页

作者： austin Ikechukwu Gbasouzor Sam Nna Omenyi Sabuj Mallik Jude E. Njoku Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering College of Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing and Built Environment School of Engineering University of Derby Derby UK Faculty of Engineering and Science University of Greenwich Kent UK

This study is an extension of the previous work done with ARS-680 Environmental Chamber. Drying is a complex operation that demands much energy and time. Drying is essentially important for preservation of ginger rhizome. Drying of ginger was modeled, and then the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy were determined. For this purpose, the experiments were done at six levels of varied temperatures: 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. The values of effective diffusion coefficients obtained in this work for the variously treated ginger rhizomes closely agreed with the average effective diffusion coefficients of other notable authors who determined the drying kinetics and convective heat transfer coefficients of ginger slices.

关键词： Activation Energy Diffusion Coefficients Ginger Rhizomes Drying Model Drying Time Moisture Ratio Thin Layer

Dynamic Signature Verification Using Pattern Recognition

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 214-227页

作者： Emmanuel Nwabueze Ekwonwune Duroha austin Ekekwe Chinyere Iheakachi Ubochi Henry Chinedu Oleribe Department of Computer Science Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Computer Science Gregory University Abia Nigeria ICT Department Alvan Ikoku University of Education Owerri Nigeria

Dynamic signature is a biometric modality that recognizes an individual’s anatomic and behavioural characteristics when signing their name. The rampant case of signature falsification (Identity Theft) was the key motivating factor for embarking on this study. This study was necessitated by the damages and dangers posed by signature forgery coupled with the intractable nature of the problem. The aim and objectives of this study is to design a proactive and responsive system that could compare two signature samples and detect the correct signature against the forged one. Dynamic Signature verification is an important biometric technique that aims to detect whether a given signature is genuine or forged. In this research work, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNsor ConvNet) which is a class of deep, feed forward artificial neural networks that has successfully been applied to analysing visual imagery was used to train the model. The signature images are stored in a file directory structure which the Keras Python library can work with. Then the CNN was implemented in python using the Keras with the TensorFlow backend to learn the patterns associated with the signature. The result showed that for the same CNNs-based network experimental result of average accuracy, the larger the training dataset, the higher the test accuracy. However, when the training dataset are insufficient, better results can be obtained. The paper concluded that by training datasets using CNNs network, 98% accuracy in the result was recorded, in the experimental part, the model achieved a high degree of accuracy in the classification of the biometric parameters used.

关键词： Verification Security Biometrics Signature Authentication Model Pattern Recognition Dynamic