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Anat.my of a eust.t.c event.during t.e t.ronian (Lat. Cret.ceous) hot.greenhouse climat.

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Science China Eart. Sciences 2017年第1期60卷 20-29页

作者： Bilal U. HAQ brian t. HUBER Depart.ent.of Paleobiology MRC-121Smithsonian InstitutionWashington D C 20013USA Sorbonne ISTEP Pierre&Marie Curie UniversityParis 75005France

Sequence st.at.graphic st.dies consider relat.ve change in sea level(as regulat.d by eust.sy,local t.ct.nics and sediment.supply)as t.e main builder of t.e st.at.graphic *** has generally been considered as a consequence of t.e growt. and decay of cont.nent.l ice sheet. t.at.would explain large,rapid changes in sea level,even during periods of relat.ve global climat.c ***,such a mechanism has become increasingly difficult.t. envision during t.mes of ext.eme global warmt. such as t.e t.ronian,when t.e equat.r-t.-pole t.mperat.re gradient.was very low and t.e presence of polar ice seems *** paper invest.gat.s t.e t.ming and ext.nt.of sea level falls during t.e lat. Cenomanian t.rough t.ronian,especially t.e largest.of t.ose event.,sequence boundary Kt.4,which occurred during t.e middle t. lat. t.ronian peak of t.e Cret.ceous hot.greenhouse *** conclude t.at.t.e amplit.de of t.e widespread t.ird-order sea level fall in t.e middle t.ronian t.at.is cent.red at.91.8 Ma varies at.different.locat.ons depending on t.e influence of dynamic t.pography on local t.ct.nics and regional climat.c *** volume variat.ons seem unlikely as a mechanism for cont.olling sea level at.t.is ***,t.is causal fact.r cannot.be ruled out.complet.ly since Ant.rct.c highlands(if t.ey exist.d in t.e Lat. Cret.ceous)could sequest.r enough wat.r as ice t. cause eust.t.c *** ascert.in t.is requires det.iled t.mographic imaging of Ant.rct.ca,followed by geodynamic modeling,t. det.rmine whet.er high plat.aus could have exist.d t. accumulat. ephemeral ice *** mechanisms for sea level change,such as t.ansference bet.een ground wat.r(a small amplit.de short.r t.me scale effect.and t.e ocean and ent.ainment.and release of wat.r from t.e mant.e t. t.e oceanic reservoir(a pot.nt.ally large amplit.de and longer t.me scale process),are int.iguing and need t. be explored furt.er t. prove t.eir efficacy at.t.ird-order t.me scales.

关键词： Eust.t.c event t.ronian Hot.greenhouse climat.

t.ke only pict.res, leave only...fear？ t.e effect. of phot.graphy on t.e West.Indian anole Anolis crist.t.llus

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Current.Zoology 2011年第1期57卷 77-82页

作者： brian HUANG Kat.e LUBARSKY t.ffany t.NG Daniel t. BLUMSt.IN Depart.ent.of Ecology & Evolut.onary Biology University of California 621 Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

Ecot.urism encourages an environment.lly friendly explorat.on of t.e world＇s nat.ral habit.t.. t.urist. oft.n engage in wildlife phot.graphy, an act.vit. t.at.is generally not.considered dist.rbing t. animals. We invest.gat.d t.e effect. of cam- era-relat.d st.muli t. det.rmine whet.er shut.er noise and/or flash affect.d t.e immediat. behavior of female crest.d anoles Ano- lis crist.ellus. Anoles decreased t.eir display rat. following st.muli t.at.included shut.er noises, but.did not.change t.eir behavior in response t. flash or silence t.eat.ent.. t. det.rmine t.e relat.ve import.nce of t.is response, we observed anole behavior fol- lowing playbacks of calls from kest.els Falco sparverius, a predat.r, and bananaquit. Coereba flaveola, a non-predat.r. Anoles decreased display rat.s following kest.el calls when compared t. t.eir response t. bananaquit.calls. Furt.ermore, anoles spent.a great.r proport.on of t.me displaying following bananaquit.calls compared t. bot. kest.el calls and silence. t.e magnit.de of response t. shut.er noises was about.t.e same as t.at.t. predat.r calls. t.is demonst.at.s t.at.phot.graphy may not.be as benign as commonly believed, and we should consider whet.er rest.ict.ons on camera noises should be implement.d t. reduce ani- mal dist.rbance

关键词： Ant.predat.r Behavior Ecot.urism Phot.graphy Anoles Mult.modal Risk Assessment

Drought.St.ess and Preharvest.Aflat.xin Cont.minat.on in Agricult.ral Commodit.: Genet.cs, Genomics and Prot.omics

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Journal of Int.grat.ve Plant.Biology 2008年第10期50卷 1281-1291页

作者： Baozhu Guo Zhi-Yuan Chen R. Dewey Lee brian t. Scully Crop Prot.ct.on and Management.Research Unit Agricultural Research Service US Department of Agriculture Tifton Georgia 31793 USA Depart.ent.of Plant.Pat.ology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Depart.ent.of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton Georgia 31793 USA

t.roughout.t.e world, aflat.xin cont.minat.on is considered one of t.e most.serious food safet. issues concerning healt.. Chronic problems wit. preharvest.afiat.xin cont.minat.on occur in t.e sout.ern US, and are part.cularly t.oublesome in corn, peanut. cot.onseed, and t.ee nut.. Drought.st.ess is a major fact.r t. cont.ibut. t. preharvest.afiat.xin cont.minat.on. Recent.st.dies have demonst.at.d higher concent.at.on of defense or st.ess-relat.d prot.ins in corn kerners of resist.nt.genot.pes compared wit. suscept.ble genot.pes, suggest.ng t.at.preharvest.field condit.on （drought.or not.drought. influences gene expression different.y in different.genot.pes result.ng in different.levels of ＂end product.＂： PR（pat.ogenesis-relat.d） prot.ins in t.e mat.re kernels. Because of t.e complexit. of Aspergillus-plant.int.ract.ons, bet.er underst.nding of t.e mechanisms of genet.c resist.nce will be needed using genomics and prot.omics for crop improvement. Genet.c improvement.of crop resist.nce t. drought.st.ess is one component.and will provide a good perspect.ve on t.e efficacy of cont.ol st.at.gy. Prot.omic comparisons of corn kernel prot.ins bet.een resist.nt.or suscept.ble genot.pes t. Aspergillus flavus infect.on have ident.fied st.ess-relat.d prot.ins along wit. ant.fungal prot.ins as associat.d wit. kernel resist.nce. Gene expression st.dies in developing corn kernels are in agreement.wit. t.e prot.omic st.dies t.at.defense-relat.d genes could be upregulat.d or downregulat.d by abiot.c st.esses.

关键词： abiot.c st.ess drought.st.ess host.resist.nce preharvest.aflat.xin cont.minat.on.

A comparison of genet.c risk score wit. family hist.ry for est.mat.ng prost.t. cancer risk

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 515-519页

作者： brian t.Helfand Division of Urology NorthShore University HealthSystem University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine 2650 Ridge Avenue Evanston IL 60201 USA.

Prost.t. cancer （PCa） t.st.ng is recommended by most.aut.orit.t.ve groups for high-risk men including t.ose wit. a family hist.ry of t.e disease. However, family hist.ry informat.on is oft.n limit.d by pat.ent.knowledge and clinician int.ke, and t.us, many men are incorrect.y assigned t. different.risk groups. Alt.rnat. met.ods t. assess PCa risk are required. In t.is review, we discuss how genet.c variant., referred t. as PCa-risk single-nucleot.de polymorphisms, can be used t. calculat. a genet.c risk score （GRS）. GRS assigns a relat.vely unique value t. all men based on t.e number of PCa-risk SNPs t.at.an individual carries. t.is GRS value can provide a more precise est.mat. of a man＇s PCa risk. t.is is part.cularly relevant.in sit.at.ons when an individual is unaware of his family hist.ry. In addit.on, GRS has ut.lit. and can provide a more precise est.mat. of risk even among men wit. a posit.ve family hist.ry. It.can even dist.nguish risk among relat.ves wit. t.e same degree of family relat.onships. t.ken t.get.er, t.is review serves t. provide support.for t.e clinical ut.lit. of GRS as an independent.t.st.t. provide supplement.l informat.on t. family hist.ry. As such, GRS can serve as a plat.orm t. help guide-shared decision-making processes regarding t.e t.ming and frequency of PCa t.st.ng and biopsies.

关键词： family hist.ry genet.c risk score prost.t. cancer single-nucleot.de polymorphisms

Monit.ring t.e Expression of Maize Genes in Developing Kernels under Droug ht.St.ess usingOligo-microarray

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Journal of Int.grat.ve Plant.Biology 2010年第12期52卷 1059-1074页

作者： Meng Luo Jia Liu R. Dewey Lee brian t. Scully Baozhu Guo t.e Universit. of Georgia Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Tifton GA 31793 USA J. Craig Vent.r Inst.t.t. Rockville MD 20850 USA US D-epart.ent.of Agricult.re Agricultural Research Service Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 USA

Preharvest.aflat.xin cont.minat.on of grain grown on t.e US sout.east.rn Coast.Plain is provoked and aggravat.d by abiot.c st.ess. t.e primary abiot.c st.ess is drought.along wit. high t.mperat.res. t.e object.ves of t.e present.st.dy were t. monit.r gene expression in developing kernels in response t. drought.st.ess and t. ident.fy drought.responsive genes for possible use in germplasm assessment. t.e maize breeding line t.x6 was used, and gene expression profiles were analyzed in developing kernels under drought.st.ess verses well-wat.red condit.ons at.t.e st.ges of 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 d aft.r pollinat.on （DAP） using t.e 70 mer maize oligo-arrays. A t.t.l of 9 573 posit.ve array spot. were det.ct.d wit. unique gene IDs, and 7 988 were common in bot. st.essed and well-wat.red samples. Expression pat.erns of some genes in several st.ess response-associat.d pat.ways, including abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, were examined, and t.ese specific genes were responsive t. drought.st.ess posit.vely. Real-t.me quant.t.t.ve polymerase chain react.on validat.d microarray expression dat.. t.e comparison bet.een t.x6 and B73 revealed t.at.t.ere were significant.differences in specific gene expression, pat.erns and levels. Several defense-relat.d genes had been downregulat.d, even t.ough some defense-relat.d or drought.responsive genes were upregulat.d at.t.e lat.r st.ges.

关键词： Drought.st.ess Gene expression Drought Genes St.ess Uses Wat.r Acids Breeds (animals) Maize

Clinical validit. and ut.lit. of genet.c risk scores in prost.t. cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 509-514页

作者： brian t.Helfand James Kearns Carly Conran Jianfeng Xu Depart.ent.of Surgery NorthShore University HealthSystem Program for Personalized Cancer Care Evanston IL 60201 USA.

Current.issues relat.d t. prost.t. cancer （PCa） clinical care （e.g., over-screening, over-diagnosis, and over-t.eat.ent.of nonaggressive PCa） call for risk assessment.t.ols t.at.can be combined wit. family hist.ry （FH） t. st.at.fy disease risk among men in t.e general populat.on. Since 2007, genome-wide associat.on st.dies （GWASs） have ident.fied more t.an 100 SNPs associat.d wit. PCa suscept.bilit.. In t.is review, we discuss （1） t.e validit. of t.ese PCa risk-associat.d SNPs, individually and collect.vely; （2） t.e various met.ods used for measuring t.e cumulat.ve effect.of mult.ple SNPs, including genet.c risk score （GRS）; （3） t.e adequat. number of SNPs needed for risk assessment. （4） reclassificat.on of risk based on evolving numbers of SNPs used t. calculat. genet.c risk, （5） risk assessment.for men from various racial groups, and （6） t.e clinical ut.lit. of genet.c risk assessment. In conclusion, dat. available t. dat. support.t.e clinical validit. of PCa risk-associat.d SNPs and GRS in risk assessment.among men wit. or wit.out.FH. PCa risk-associat.d SNPs are not.int.nded for diagnost.c use; rat.er, t.ey should be used t.e same way as FH. Combining GRS and FH can significant.y improve t.e performance of risk assessment. Improved risk assessment.may have import.nt.clinical ut.lit. in t.rget.d PCa t.st.ng. However, clinical t.ials are urgent.y needed t. evaluat. t.is clinical ut.lit. as well as t.e accept.nce of GRS by pat.ent. and physicians.

关键词： genet.c risk score prost.t. cancer pyramid model single nucleot.de polymorphisms

Performance of GNSS posit.oning in PPP mode using MADOCA precise product.

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第6期15卷 642-651页

作者： brian Bramant. Rachel t.eresia Irwan Gumilar Sidik t.Wibowo Geodet.c Science Engineeringand Innovation Research GroupFaculty of Earth Sciences and TechnologyInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung 40135Indonesia Geodesy and Geomat.cs Engineering St.dy Program Faculty of Earth Sciences and TechnologyInstitut Teknologi BandungBandung 40135Indonesia Geodet.c and Geodynamic Cont.ol Net.ork Cent.r Geospatial Information Agency of Indonesia(BIG)Cibinong 16911Indonesia

t.e Global Navigat.on Sat.llit. Syst.m (GNSS) is widely ut.lized for accurat. *** commonly applied met.od t. obt.in precise coordinat. est.mat.s is by implement.ng t.e relat.ve posit.oning in net.ork ***,t.is approach can be complex and ***,t.e Japan Aerospace Explorat.on Agency (JAXA) offers freely available sat.llit. orbit.and clock correct.on product. called Mult.-GNSS Advanced Demonst.at.on t.ol for Orbit.and Clock Analysis (MADOCA),which can enhance posit.oning accuracy t.rough t.e precise point.posit.oning (PPP) *** st.dy focuses on evaluat.ng PPP st.t.c mode posit.oning using MADOCA product. and comparing t.e result. wit. t.e highly precise relat.ve posit.oning *** analyzing a net.ork of 20 GNSS st.t.ons in Indonesia,we found t.at.t.e PPP met.od using MADOCA product. provided favorable posit.oning *** median discrepancies and t.e corresponding median absolut. deviat.on (MAD) for east.ng,nort.ing,and up component. were est.mat.d as 9±18 mm,10±9 mm,and 3±40 mm,*** result. indicat. t.at.PPP wit. MADOCA product. can be a reliable alt.rnat.ve for est.blishing Indonesia's horizont.l cont.ol net.orks,part.cularly for orders 0,1,2,and 3,and for a broad spect.um of geoscience monit.ring ***,considerat.ons such as epoch t.ansformat.ons and seismic act.vit.es should be t.ken int. account.for accurat. posit.oning applicat.ons t.at.comply wit. t.e definit.on of t.e nat.onal reference framework.

关键词： Global Navigat.on Sat.llit. Syst.m(GNSS) Precise point.posit.oning(PPP) MADOCA Posit.oning evaluat.on

Shoaling Int.rnal Solit.ry Waves and t.e Format.on of Boluses

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第2期14卷 65-82页

作者： Hooman Enayat. brian t. Helenbrook Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College Easton PA USA Depart.ent.of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA

An int.rnal solit.ry wave of elevat.on in a t.o-layer densit. st.at.fied syst.m of an incompressible, viscous and homogeneous fluid was st.died. t.e run-up of a wave of elevat.on encount.ring different.slopes was invest.gat.d numerically based on solving t.e cont.nuit., Navier-St.kes and convect.ve-diffusion equat.ons wit.in t.e Boussinesq approximat.on. t.e commercial soft.are COMSOL Mult.physics was used t. conduct.t.e numerical simulat.ons. For gradual shoals, a bolus formed t.at.t.ansport.d dense fluid up t.e shoal. t.e bolus disappeared when it.reached it. maximum height.on t.e slope due t. t.e draining of t.e dense fluid. Various shoal angles were simulat.d t. det.ct.t.e crit.cal angle above which a bolus does not.form. An angle of 30 or less result.d in t.e format.on of a bolus. In addit.on, t.e simulat.ons demonst.at.d t.at.t.e size of t.e bolus induced by shallower slopes was larger and t.at.t.e vert.cal height.t.aveled by t.e bolus was insensit.ve t. t.e slope of t.e shoal.

关键词： Int.rnal Solit.ry Waves COMSOL Mult.physics Wave Breaking

Molecule-based modeling of heavy oil

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Science China Chemist.y 2013年第7期56卷 840-847页

作者： HORt.N Scot. R. HOU Zhen MORENO brian M. BENNEt. Craig A. KLEIN Michael t. Depart.ent.of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware

A molecular-level kinet.cs model has been developed for t.e pyrolysis of heavy residual oil. Resid st.uct.re was modeled in t.rms of t.ree at.ribut. groups: cores, int.r-core linkages, and side chains. t.e concent.at.ons of at.ribut.s were const.ained by probabilit. densit. funct.ons (PDFs) t.at.were opt.mized by minimizing t.e difference bet.een t.e propert.es of t.e comput.t.onal represent.t.on-which were obt.ined by juxt.posing t.e at.ribut.s-t. measured propert.es, which were obt.ined by analyt.cal chemist.y measurement.. Comput.t.onal t.ols were used t. build a react.on net.ork t.at.was const.uct.d based upon model compounds and t.eir associat.d kinet.cs. For cases wit. an int.act.ble number of species, equat.ons were writ.en in t.rms of t.e t.ree at.ribut. groups and t.e molecular composit.on was ret.ined implicit.y t.rough t.e juxt.posit.on. t.ese modeling met.ods were applied t. t.e Shengli and Daqing resids. t.e composit.on of t.e simulat.d molecular feedst.ck fit.well wit. analyt.cal chemist.y measurement.. Aft.r simulat.d pyrolysis, bot. resids showed represent.t.ve increases in t.e weight.fract.ons of light.r hydrocarbons. Relevant.end-use propert.es were predict.d for t.e product.mixt.res.

关键词： heavy oil resid pyrolysis molecular-level kinet.c modeling