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Changes in Lipoprotein Lipase in the Heart Following Diabetes Onset

Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 19-25页

作者： Chae Syng Lee Yajie Zhai brian Rodrigues Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada

Due to its constant pumping and contraction, the heart requires a substantial amount of energy, with fatty acids (FAs) providing a major part of its adenosine triphosphate (ATP). However, the heart is incapable of making this substrate and attains its FAs from multiple sources, including the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). LPL is produced in cardiomyocytes and subsequently secreted to its heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) binding sites on the plasma membrane. To then move LPL to the endothelial cell (EC) lumen, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) attaches to interstitial LPL and transfers it to the vascular lumen, where the LPL is ready to perform its function of breaking down circulating triglycerides (TG) into FAs. The endo-β-glucuronidase heparanase (Hpa) is unique in that it is the only known mammalian enzyme to cleave heparan sulfate (HS), thereby promoting the abovementioned release of LPL from the cardiomyocyte HSPG. In diabetes, it has been suggested that changes in how the heart generates energy are responsible for the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Following moderate diabetes, with the reduction in glucose utilization, the heart increases its LPL activity at the vascular lumen due to an increase in Hpa action. Although this adaptation might be beneficial to compensate for the underutilization of glucose by the heart, it is toxic over the long term, as harmful lipid metabolite accumulation, along with augmented FA oxidation and thus oxidative stress, leads to cell death. This coincides with the loss of a cardioprotective growth factor—namely, vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB). This review discusses interconnections between Hpa, LPL, and VEGFB and their potential implications in DCM. Given that mechanism-based therapeutic care for DCM is unavailable, understanding the pathology of this cardiomyopathy, along with the contribution of LPL, will help us advance its clinical ma

关键词： Cardiac metabolism Lipopr otein lipase Heparanase Vascular endothelial growth factor Diabetic car diomyopathy

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Transition metal carbides as cathode supports for PEM fuel cells

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Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 10218-10233页

作者： Eliran R.Hamo brian A.Rosen Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tel Aviv UniversityRamat Aviv69987001Israel

As energy demands increase and environmental issues loom,fuel cells(FCs)have attracted significant attention as an alternative to conventional energy *** use encompasses portable applications,transportation,and a stationary grid-power mainly due to their low-temperature operation and quick ***,the primary challenge is improving fuel cell durability to meet 2025 *** of Energy targets(e.g.,8,000+h for automotive drive cycle).Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)catalysts currently suffer from low durability,undermining their wide-scale deployment into the consumer and industrial *** group metals(PGMs)are still the most common catalysts used in PEMFCs as they provide among the highest activity for electrode reactions and lifetime *** effective way to decrease Pt loading is the adoption of supports to enhance both Pt dispersion and its *** of the carbon-based support was identified to be the major contributor to performance degradation as they suffer from parasitic oxidation to CO_(2)(at the cathode).Therefore,there is a significant interest in exploring stable alternatives to replace carbon supports in *** metal carbides(TMCs)have attracted significant attention over the last several years as a possible candidate to replace carbon-based catalyst supports in fuel *** these advantages over carbon supports,the large-scale deployment of TMC-based supports in fuel cells is still hindered by concerns of durability at the high potential on the cathode during start-up and shutdown ***,we address the most relevant studies concerning TMCs as supports for acidic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysis,including viewpoints about the surface and bulk design of the support,as well as the design of the catalyst itself to enhance the interaction and dispersion with the support.

关键词： carbides fuel cells catalysis durability corrosion

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Ship behavior prediction via trajectory extraction-based clustering for maritime situation awareness

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2022年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： brian Murray LokukalugePrasad Perera UiT The Arctic University of Norway TromsøNorway

This study presents a method in which historical AIS data are used to predict the future trajectory of a se-lected *** is facilitated via a system intelligence-based approach that can be subsequently utilized to provide enhanced situation awareness to navigators and future autonomous ships,aiding proactive col-lision *** evaluating the historical ship behavior in a given geographical region,the method applies machine learning techniques to extrapolate commonalities in relevant trajectory *** commonalities represent historical behavior modes that correspond to the possible future behavior of the selected ***,the selected vessel is classified to a behavior mode,and a trajectory with respect to this mode is *** is achieved via an initial clustering technique and subsequent tra-jectory *** extracted trajectories are then compressed using the Karhunen-Loéve transform,and clustered using a Gaussian Mixture *** approach in this study differs from others in that tra-jectories are not clustered for an entire region,but rather for relevant trajectory *** such,the extracted trajectories provide a much better basis for clustering relevant historical ship behavior modes.A selected vessel is then classified to one of these modes using its observed *** predic-tions are facilitated using an enhanced subset of data that likely correspond to the future behavior of the selected *** method yields promising results,with high classification accuracy and low prediction ***,vessels with abnormal behavior degrade the results in some situations,and have also been discussed in this study.

关键词： Maritime situation awareness Ship navigation Trajectory prediction Collision avoidance Machine learning Unsupervised learning AIS

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Gene-modified neural progenitor cells for the treatment of neuropathic lysosomal storage diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1954-1955页

作者： Oriana Mandolfo brian W.Bigger Stem Cell and Neurotherapies Faculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK

Lysosomal storage diseases:Lysosomal storage diseases(LSDs) are a family of about 70 disorders,with an overall incidence of 1:7000 live *** are caused by dysfunctional lysosomal hydrolases,eventually leading to the accumulation of undegraded substrate into the *** results in a wide array of symptoms,which may include:the presence of dysmorphic features,cardio-respiratory disease,bone and joint disease,organomegaly,developmental delay and neurocognitive *** majority of these diseases have a neurological component and in the absence of treatment.

关键词： diseases progenitor eventually

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Understanding the relationship between High Reliability Theory (HRT) ofmindful organizing and Safety Management Systems (SMS) within theaerospace industry: A cross-sectional quantitative assessment

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第2期3卷 105-114页

作者： brian Eugene Teske Daniel Kwasi Adjekum Department of Space Studies John D.Odegard School of Aerospace SciencesUniversity of North Dakota4149 University AvenueStop 9008Grand ForksND 58202-9008USA Department of Aviation John D.Odegard School of Aerospace SciencesUniversity of North Dakota.4149 University AvenueStop 9036Grand ForksND 58202-9008USA

There seems to be a paucity in extant literature that assesses the relationship between Safety Management Systems (SMS) and High Reliability Theory (HRT) behavior process of mindful organizing (MO) among aerospaceorganizations. There could be benefits for organizational safety by exploring this relationship in high-reliabilityorganizations (HROs) like the aerospace industry. Using a modified Safety Organizing Scale (SOS) by Vogus andSutcliffe (2007) and a validated SMS scale, the relationship between SMS and MO was measured. The perceptionsof a cross-section of respondents from commercial airlines with SMS and commercial space licensees without SMSin the United States (U.S.) was assessed. A four-factor model of MO had acceptable fit. A model showing the relationship between SMS and MO had good fit and showed a high significant strength of relationship (r = 0.82,p = 0.000) with a big effect size. There were also significant differences in mean responses among managementpersonnel and non-management personnel on the MO factor “sensitivity to operations” and the result suggestsmanagers were better at identifying personnel with skills and knowledge to ensure safer task accomplishmentthan non-management personnel. The study results suggest that the SMS requirements for commercial airlines inthe U.S. can enrich the identification and understanding of MO factors and it may be beneficial for the commercial space industry to formally adopt SMS. Future research studies may include direct comparisons in multipleaerospace organizations using a larger sample size to determine the overall understanding of MO factors and howit affects SMS.

关键词： Mindful organizing Safety Management Systems High-reliability organization Aerospace Commercial airlines Commercial space licensees Organization safety

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The endogenous progenitor response following traumatic brain injury:a target for cell therapy paradigms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2351-2354页

作者： Anna Badner brian J.Cummings Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center University of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders University of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of California-IrvineIrvineCAUSA

Although there is ample evidence that central nervous system progenitor pools respond to traumatic brain injury,the reported effects are variable and likely contribute to both recovery as well as *** a better understanding of the diverse progenitor populations in the adult brain and their niche-specific reactions to traumatic insult,treatments can be tailo red to enhance the benefits and dampen the deleterious effects of this *** review provides an overview of endogenous precursors,the associated effects on cognitive recovery,and the potential of exogenous cell therapeutics to modulate these endogenous repair *** the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,more recently identified sites of adult neurogenesis,the meninges,as well as circumventricular organs,are also discussed as targets for endogenous ***,this review highlights that progenitor prolife ration alone is no longer a meaningful outcome and studies must strive to better chara cterize precursor spatial localization,transcriptional profile,morphology,and functional synaptic *** improved insight and a more targeted approach,the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis remains a promising strategy for recovery following traumatic brain injury.

关键词： cell therapy endogenous repair neurogenic niche progenitors traumatic brain injury

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Post-tuberculosis lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第16期136卷 1923-1928页

作者： Xiaoyan Gai brian Allwood Yongchang Sun Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Peking University Third HospitalCenter for Chronic Airway DiseasesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Division of Pulmonology Department of MedicineStellenbosch University&Tygerberg Academic HospitalCape TownSouth Africa

The burden of chronic airway diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),continues to increase,especially in low-and middle-income ***-tuberculosis lung disease(PTLD)is characterized by chronic lung changes after the"cure"of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB),which may be associated with the pathogenesis of ***,data on its prevalence,clinical manifestations,computed tomography features,patterns of lung function impairment,and influencing factors are *** pathogenic mechanisms underlying PTLD remain to be *** review summarizes the recent advances in PTLD and TB-associated *** is urgently needed both for the prevention and management of PTLD.

关键词： Tuberculosis Post-tuberculosis lung disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Aortic valve leaflet disruption techniques in transcatheter aortic valve replacement

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第12期19卷 990-994页

作者： brian Shin David Li Hong LIU Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of California Davis HealthSacramentoUSA

With continued technological advancement and technical improvement of transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR),it has become a desirable treatment option for aortic valve *** minimally invasive approach compared to surgical aortic valve replacement offers the treatment to a broader patient population,mainly non-surgical candidates.A feared complication of TAVR is the occlusion of coronary artery ostium by the native aortic valve leaflet due to its displacement by the expanded transcatheter *** or native aortic scallop intentional laceration to prevent iatrogenic coronary artery obstruction(BASILICA)is a technique developed to mitigate this risk by creating a lengthwise laceration of the left and/or right aortic valve leaflets prior to *** outcomes following TAVR with BASILICA have been *** preoperative examination,patient selection,and hemodynamic management are *** continued refinement,BASILICA may further expand the application of TAVR to patients at high risk for coronary occlusion associated with the procedure.

关键词： aortic transcatheter continued

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The Lost and the Found:Memories of Donald ***

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Earthquake Science 2022年第1期35卷 51-53页

作者： brian Savage University of Rhode Island KingstonRI02879USA

My first exposure to Don Helmberger’s work was during a seismology class in my 2nd year in college where several students,including myself,were to present on Grand and Helmberger(1984).It was over my head,but seeing the beauty of the seismograms,tracking the upper mantle triplication,and what it revealed about the Earth was just *** my time as an undergraduate at Berkeley,I also digitized(Dreger and Savage,1999)and forward modeled seismic data under the advisement of *** Dreger(a Helmberger student)for about two years,had an academic advisor who went to Caltech(*** Richards)and took a couple of courses from *** Johnson(Don's friend from Minnesota).Little did I know the path I needed to take was already laid out-I just had to follow it.

关键词： mantle Berkeley Grand

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Evaluation of CRU TS, GPCC, AgMERRA, and AgCFSR meteorological datasets for estimating climate and crop variables: A case study of maize in Qazvin Province, Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2022年第12期14卷 1361-1376页

作者： Faraz GORGIN PAVEH Hadi RAMEZANI ETEDALI brian COLLINS Syracuse University Syracuse 13244USA Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin 34149-16818Iran Centre for Crop Science The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia

In the past few decades,meteorological datasets from remote sensing techniques in agricultural and water resources management have been used by various researchers and *** on the literature,meteorological datasets are not more accurate than synoptic stations,but their various advantages,such as spatial coverage,time coverage,accessibility,and free use,have made these techniques superior,and sometimes we can use them instead of synoptic *** this study,we used four meteorological datasets,including Climatic Research Unit gridded Time Series(CRU TS),Global Precipitation Climatology Centre(GPCC),Agricultural National Aeronautics and Space Administration Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications(AgMERRA),Agricultural Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(AgCFSR),to estimate climate variables,i.e.,precipitation,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature,and crop variables,i.e.,reference evapotranspiration,irrigation requirement,biomass,and yield of maize,in Qazvin Province of Iran during *** first,data were gathered from the four meteorological datasets and synoptic station in this province,and climate variables were ***,after using the AquaCrop model to calculate the crop variables,we compared the results of the synoptic station and meteorological *** the four meteorological datasets showed strong performance for estimating climate *** and AgCFSR had more accurate estimations for precipitation and maximum ***,their normalized root mean square error was inferior to CRU for minimum ***,they were all very efficient for estimating the biomass and yield of maize in this *** reference evapotranspiration and irrigation requirement CRU TS and GPCC were the most efficient rather than AgMERRA and *** for the estimation of biomass and yield,all the four meteorological datasets were *** sum up,GPCC and AgCFSR were the two best datasets in thi

关键词： climate variables crop variables meteorological datasets precipitation reference evapotranspiration irrigation requirement Iran

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