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Growth and Yield of Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) Genotypes under Different Planting Dates in the Semi-Arid Southern High Plains

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1246-1258页

作者： Sudhir Singla Kulbhushan Grover Sangamesh V. Angadi Sultan H. Begna brian schutte Dawn Van Leeuwen Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA Agricultural Science Center New Mexico State University Clovis NM USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA Department of Economics Applied Statistics and International Business New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM USA

Guar is a drought and salt tolerant summer annual legume, which could be a potential alternative crop in the semi-arid Southern High Plains. Increased use of guar gum in oil industries has increased the demand of guar globally. Planting date effects on stand establishment, physiological parameters, and yield formation of guar genotypes were investigated at the New Mexico State University’s Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, NM for two seasons (2014 and 2015). Four guar genotypes (HES 1123, Kinman, Lewis, and Matador) were tested under three planting dates (June 18, July 7, and July 22 in 2014;and June 18, July 6, and July 20 in 2015). Higher temperature and rainfall were recorded under mid-June planting than early-July and late-July plantings. Guar planted under mid-June had better stand establishment as shown by the higher number of plants m-2, better physiology as revealed by higher photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf area index (LAI), and SPAD values than early-July and late-July plantings. Guar planted under mid-June resulted in taller plants, and therefore, produced higher plant biomass than both of the July plantings. Yield attributing characteristics including clusters plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds plant-1, seed spod-1, 1000 seed weight, and harvest index (HI) were highest under mid-June planting followed by the early-July and late-July plantings, respectively. The mid-June planting increased seed yield by 26% and 55% over early-July and late-July (1399 vs. 1111 and 903 kg·ha-1) plantings, respectively in 2014;while the same increase in 2015 was 51% and 243% (1308 vs. 868 and 381 kg·ha-1), respectively. These results indicate that delaying planting beyond mid-June is detrimental to guar productivity. However, genotypes did not show any significant variation in their performance. Overall, warmer growing conditions and more pre

关键词： Guar Planting Date Genotype Yield Southern High Plains

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Maternal Environment Effects on Phenolic Defenses in <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i>Seeds

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1127-1133页

作者： brian J. schutte Sam E. Wortman John L. Lindquist Adam S. Davis Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska Lincoln USA Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA Department of Entomology Plant Pathology & Weed Science New Mexico State University Las Cruces USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit Urbana USA.

A class of phenolic compounds, ortho-dihydroxyphenols (hereafter “o-DHP”), has been implicated with seed survival. Based on expectations of the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis, we predicted that seed o-DHP concentration exhibits a curvilinear response to increasing resource availability in the maternal environment, with maximum o-DHP occurring at moderate resource levels. To test this hypothesis, Abutilon theophrasti seeds were produced under field conditions at two locations. Each location included twelve maternal environments established through factorial combinations of soil compost (+/-), species assemblage (A. theophrasti with and without maize), and soil nitrogen fertilizer (0, 0.5× or 1× local recommendations for maize). Resource availability with respect to A. theophrasti growth was summarized by above-ground biomass at seed harvest (maternal biomass). Results indicated that seed o-DHP concentrations increased then decreased in response to increasing maternal biomass. This relationship was modeled with a unimodal function specific to location (Location 1, y = 1.18 + 0.03xe-0.02x, pseudo-R2 = 0.59, p = 0.003;Location 2, y = 1.40 + 0.006xe-0.005x;pseudo-R2 = 0.34, p = 0.05). Seed protein concentrations remained constant across maternal biomass levels. Because inherent vulnerability to predation and decay is considered a consequence of chemical protection relative to nutritional offering, our results suggest that A. theophrasti seed susceptibility to lethal attack is influenced by resource levels in the maternal environment. More broadly, our results suggest that the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis can be extended to maternal effects on seed phenolics.

关键词： Environmental Maternal Effect Growth-Differentiation Balance Hypothesis ortho-Dihydroxyphenols Seed Defense Seed Protein

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