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轻合金加工技术 1989年第7期17卷 34-39页

作者： Johann Langerwegex brian maddock 王健

采用Conform与Castex工艺连续挤压生产具有很多优点:可以利用多种形式的原料,例如拉拔棒,由原金属、废料或液态金属产生的各种形状和尺寸的粒状料(Castex法).新的扩展靴块技术,可以利用直径达200毫米的模环生产大截面型材,定尺切割设备... 详细信息

采用Conform与Castex工艺连续挤压生产具有很多优点:可以利用多种形式的原料,例如拉拔棒,由原金属、废料或液态金属产生的各种形状和尺寸的粒状料(Castex法).新的扩展靴块技术,可以利用直径达200毫米的模环生产大截面型材,定尺切割设备己成为Conform生产线的标准设备.铝产品的范围也在不断扩大,现已扩展到复合材料、纤维强化线材和铜材.

关键词： Conform法 Castex法挤压连续

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Antimicrobial susceptibility testing in veterinary medicine:performance,interpretation of results,best practices and pitfalls

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One Health Advances 2023年第1期1卷 62-77页

作者： Andrea T.Feßler Yang Wang Claire R.Burbick Dubraska Diaz-Campos Virginia RFajt Sara D.Lawhon Xian-Zhi Li brian V.Lubbers Kelli maddock Ron A.Miller Mark G.Papich Shabbir Simjee Michael T.Sweeney Jeffrey L.Watts Congming Wu Jianzhong Shen Stefan Schwarz Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics Centre for Infection MedicineSchool of Veterinary MedicineFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research(TZR) Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Animal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Texas A&M University School of Veterinary Medicine College StationTXUSA Veterinary Drugs Directorate Health CanadaOttawaONCanada Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory FargoNDUSA U.S.Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary MedicineRockvilleMDUSA College of Veterinary Medicine North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Elanco Animal Health HookUK Zoetis Inc.KalamazooMIUSA.

The performance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)of bacteria and the interpretation of AST results for bacteria isolated from animals are complex tasks which must be performed using standard published methodology and overseen by experts in clinical microbiology and in consultation with clinical ***,AST has significant potential for errors and *** this review,we provide guidance on how to correctly perform AST of bacteria isolated from animals and interpret the AST *** emphasis is placed on the various approved or published methodologies for the different bacteria as well as the application of interpretive criteria,including clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values(ECVs/ECOFFs).Application of approved interpretive criteria and definitions of susceptible,susceptible dose-dependent,nonsusceptible,intermediate,and resistant for clinical breakpoints as well as wild-type and non-wildtype for ECVs,are explained and the difficulties resulting from the lack of approved clinical breakpoints for other bacteria,indications,and animal species is *** requirement of quality controls in any AST approach is also *** addition,important parameters,often used in monitoring and surveillance studies,such as MIC50,MIC90,and testing range,are explained and criteria for the classification of bacteria as multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant are *** mistakes are presented and the means to avoid them are *** provide the most accurate AST,one must strictly adhere to approved standards or validated methodologies,like those of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or other internationally accepted AST documents and the detailed information provided therein.

关键词： Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Quality controls Clinical breakpoints Epidemiological cut-off values Multidrug resistance

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