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Em.rging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William.J.Flerlage m.rk L.Dell’Acqua brian m.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniform.d Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Departm.nt of Pharm.cology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a m.jor contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying em.tional and m.od dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Sim.ons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct m.lecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through com.lex interactions organized by num.rous m.ltivalent protein scaffolds,including the fam.ly of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Suppression of Soybean Oleosin Produces m.cro-Oil Bodies that Aggregate into Oil Body/ER Com.lexes

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m.lecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 910-924页

作者： m.nica A. schmidt Eliot m. Herm.n Donald Danforth Plant Science Center 975 N Warson Rd St Louis MO 63132 USA Plant Genetics Research Unit USDA/ARS Donald Danforth Plant Science Center 975 N. Warson Rd St Louis MO 63132 USA

Using RNAi, the seed oil body protein 24-kDa oleosin has been suppressed in transgenic soybeans. The endoplasm.c reticulum.（ER） form. m.cro-oil bodies about 50 nm.in diam.ter that coalesce with adjacent oil bodies form.ng a hierarchy of oil body sizes. The oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown form.large oil body-ER com.lexes with the interior dom.nated by m.cro-oil bodies and interm.diate-sized oil bodies, while the peripheral areas of the com.lex are dom.nated by large oil bodies. The com.lex m.rges to form.giant oil bodies with onset of seed dorm.ncy that disrupts cell structure. The transcriptom. of the oleosin knockdown shows few changes com.ared to wild-type. Proteom.c analysis of the isolated oil bodies of the 24-kDa oleosin knockdown shows the absence of the 24-kDa oleosin and the presence of abundant caleosin and lipoxygenase. The form.tion of the m.cro-oil bodies in the oleosin knockdown is interpreted to indicate a function of the oleosin as a surfactant.

关键词： RNAi protein soybean en-doplasm.c reticulum

Changes in oral trace gas concentrations following orthognathic surgery and interm.xillary fixation: a case study using selected ion flow tube m.ss spectrom.try

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第3期3卷 160-164页

作者： brian m. Ross Division of m.dical Sciences at the Northern Ontario School of m.dicine in Thunder Bay Ontario MS 3002 Canada

Orthognathic surgery is frequently accom.anied by interm.xillary fixation. Interm.xillary fixation im.edes the m.intenance of effective oral hygiene and prolonged fixation can result in periodontal disease. A potential shorter term.effect is the generation of oral m.lodour. It is unclear, however, as to how the production of m.lodorous com.ounds in the oral cavity is altered post-surgery. Oral air concentration of sulphur containing com.ounds, short chain organic acids, am.onia, isoprene and acetone were m.asured using selected ion flow tube-m.ss spectrom.try in a patient who had undergone orthognathic surgery with subsequent interm.xillary fixation. Total sulphide levels rose approxim.tely 5-fold during fixation with m.tal ties, with sm.ller increases recorded for the other com.ounds m.asured with the exception of isoprene which rem.ined close to baseline levels. Organic acid levels declined m.rkedly once elastic ties had replaced m.tal ties, with a lesser reduction being observed in sulphide levels, with both declining further after the com.encem.nt of a chlorhexidinecontaining m.uthwash. These data suggest that bacterial generation of a variety of m.lodorous com.ounds increases m.rkedly following interm.xillary fixation. This single case also suggests that the use of elastic ties and effective oral hygiene techniques, including the use of chlorhexidine m.uthwash, m.y help am.liorate such post-surgical effects.

关键词： oral m.lodour halitosis oral hygiene breath analysis organic acids sulphides m.ss spectrom.try

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE, Two Glycosyl Transferases Involved in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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m.lecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 834-841页

作者： brian D. Keppler Allan m. Showalter Departm.nt of Environm.ntal and Plant Biology Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Ohio University 315 Porter Hall Athens OH 45701-2979 USA

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE （IRX14L） are two closely related glycosyl transferases in the glycosyl transferase 43 （GT43） fam.ly of Arabidopsis. A T-DNA insertion m.tant for IRX14 results in com.aratively m.nor changes, such as irregular xylem. while a m.tation for IRX14L results in no changes. However, an irx14 and irx14L double m.tant severely affects growth and developm.nt, with the dwarf plants failing to produce an inflorescence stem. Plants that are hom.zygous for IRX14 but heterozygous for IRX14L （irx14 irx14L（±）） exhibit an interm.diate phenotype, including noticeably sm.ller leaves, stem., and underdeveloped siliques. Additionally, the T-DNA insertion m.tant for IRX14 was found to result in a drought-tolerant phenotype. Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L（±） m.tants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. Im.unolocalization of xylan with the Lm.0 antibody revealed a loss of xylan in irx14 m.tants and a further reduction in the irx14 irx14L（±） m.tants. IRX14L likely functions redundantly with IRX14 in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis, with IRX14 having a m.re im.ortant role in the process.

关键词： Abiotic/environm.ntal stress cell walls genetics Arabidopsis irregular xylem xylan.

Postnatal roles of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor fam.ly m.m.ers in nociceptors plasticity

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 571-578页

作者： Sacha A. m.lin brian m. Davis Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA Departm.nt of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA

The neurotrophin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) fam.ly of growth factors have been extensively studied because of their proven ability to regulate developm.nt of the peripheral nervous *** neurotrophin fam.ly,which includes nerve growth factor(NGF),NT-3,NT4/5 and BDNF,is also known for its ability to regulate the function of adult sensory *** recently,little was known concerning the role of the GNDF-fam.ly(that includes GDNF,artem.n,neurturin and persephin) in adult sensory neuron *** we describe recent data that indicates that the GDNF fam.ly can regulate sensory neuron function,that som. of its m.m.ers are elevated in inflam.atory pain m.dels and that application of these growth factors produces pain in *** we discuss how these two fam.lies of growth factors m.y converge on a single m.m.rane receptor,TRPV1,to produce long-lasting hyperalgesia.

关键词：胶质细胞神经系统敏感性电位香草酸亚型1 TRPV1

Adult neurogenesis from.reprogram.ed astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 973-979页

作者： brian B.Griffiths Anvee Bhutani Creed m.Stary Departm.nt of Anesthesiology Pain & Perioperative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine

The details of adult neurogenesis,including environm.ntal triggers,region specificity,and species hom.logy rem.in an area of intense *** or halting age-related cognitive dysfunction,or restoring neurons lost to disease or injury represent just a fraction of potential therapeutic *** neurons can derive from.stem.cells,pluripotent neural progenitor cells,or non-neuronal glial cells,such as *** m.st be epigenetically"reprogram.ed"to becom. neurons,which can occur both naturally in vivo,and via artificial exogenous *** neural progenitor cells are localized to a few neurogenic zones in the adult brain,astrocytes populate alm.st every brain *** this review,we will sum.arize recent research into neurogenesis that arises from.conversion of post-m.totic astrocytes,detail the genetic and epigenetic pathways that regulate this process,and discuss the possible clinical relevance in supplem.nting stem.cell neurogenic therapies.

关键词： astrocyte brain dedifferentiation developm.nt disease glia injury neurogenesis

Update on Liver Failure Following Hepatic Resection: Strategies for Prediction and Avoidance of Post-operative Liver Insufficiency

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 97-104页

作者： Am.r A. Rahnem.i-Azar Jordan m. Cloyd Sharon m. Weber m.ry Dillhoff Carl schmidt Em.ly R. Winslow Tim.thy m. Pawlik Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyUniversity of Wisconsin HospitalMadisonWIUSA Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA Departm.nt of Surgery Division of Surgical OncologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Liver resection is increasingly used for a variety of benign and m.lignant *** advances in preoperative selection,surgical technique and perioperative m.nagem.nt,posthepatectom. liver failure(PHLF)is still a leading cause of m.rbidity and m.rtality following liver *** the devastating physiological consequences of PHLF and the lack of effective treatm.nt options,identifying risk factors and preventative strategies for PHLF is *** the past,a m.jor lim.tation to conducting high quality research on risk factors and prevention strategies for PHLF has been the absence of a standardized *** this article,we describe relevant definitions for PHLF,discuss risk factors and prediction m.dels,and review advances in liver assessm.nt tools and PHLF prevention strategies.

关键词： Com.lication Hepatectom. Liver failure Liver resection Prevention Risk m.dels

Eosinophilic esophagitis: A newly established cause of dysphagia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第15期12卷 2328-2334页

作者： brian m.Yan Eldon A Shaffer Division of Gastroenterology Departm.nt of m.dicine University of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

Eosinophilic esophagitis has rapidly becom. a recognized entity causing dysphagia in young adults. This review sum.arizes the current knowledge of eosinophilic esophagitis including the epidem.ology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, treatm.nt, and prognosis. An extensive search of Pubm.d/m.dline （1966-Decem.er 2005） for available English literature in hum.ns for eosinophilic esophagitis was com.leted. Appropriate articles listed in the bibliographies were also attained. The estim.ted incidence is 43/10s in children and 2.5/10s in adults. Clinically, patients have a long history of interm.ttent solid food dysphagia or food im.action. Som. have a history of atopy. Subtle endoscopic features m.y be easily overlooked, including a ＂feline＂ or corrugated esophagus with fine rings, a diffusely narrowed esophagus that m.y have proxim.l strictures, the presence of linear furrows, adherent white plaques, or a friable （crepe paper） m.cosa, prone to tearing with m.nim.l contact. Although no pathologic consensus has been established, a histologic diagnosis is critical. The accepted criteria are a dense eosinophilic infiltrate （〉20/high power field） within the superficial esophageal m.cosa. In contrast, the esophagitis associated with acid reflux disease can also possess eosinophils but they are fewer in num.er. Once the diagnosis is established, treatm.nt options m.y include specific food avoidance, topical corticosteroids, system.c corticosteroids, leukotriene inhibitors, or biologic treatm.nt. The long-term.prognosis of EE is uncertain; however available data suggests a benign, albeit inconvenient, course. With increasing recognition, this entity is taking its place as an established cause of solid food dysphagia.

关键词： Eosinophilic esophagitis Allergy Dysphagia

Counting and m.asuring particles sized from.soot to pollen

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China Particuology 2007年第5期5卷 359-361页

作者： m.rtin schmidt Sven Schütz Leander m.lter Palas Gm.H Greschbachstr. 3b76229 KarlsruheGermany

For num.er concentration m.asurem.nts of superfine particles a condensation nucleus counter （CNC） is frequently used. The com.ination of a new CNC m.dule with a white light aerosol spectrom.ter and a passive collector m.kes possible accurate tim.-resolved determ.nation of particle num.er within the overall size range of 10 nm.to 40 μm.and at concentrations up to 10^5 particles/cm.3. With the aerosol spectrom.ter a high tim.-resolved particle size determ.nation is also possible in the size range of 0.3-40 μm.up to the sam. high num.er concentrations of 10^5 particles/cm.3.

关键词： CNC Particles Size