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Nano-chromium picolinate and heat stress enhance insulin sensitivity in cross-bred sheep

Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 173-184页

作者： Alex T.Hung brian J.leury Matthew A.Sabin Fahri Fahri Kristy DiGiacomo Tu-Fa Lien Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Department of Animal Science National Chiayi UniversityChiayiChina Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUnited Kingdom

This study evaluated the effects of heat stress(HS)and dietary nano chromium picolinate(nCrPic)on metabolic responses of sheep to an intravenous glucose tolerance test(IVGTT),an intravenous insulin tolerance test(ITT)and an intramuscular adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH)challenge in ***-six sheep housed in metabolic cages were randomly allocated within 3 dietary groups(0,400 and 800 mg/kg supplemental nCrPic)to either thermoneutral(22℃)or cyclic HS(22 to 40℃)conditions for 3 *** plasma glucose tended to be increased during HS(P=0.052)and decreased by dietary nCrPic(P=0.013)while plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were decreased(P=0.010)by ***-etary nCrPic reduced the plasma glucose area under the curve(P=0.012)while there were no significant effects of HS on plasma glucose area under the curve in response to the *** plasma insulin response over the first 60 min after the IVGTT was decreased by HS(P=0.013)and dietary nCrPic(P=0.022)with the effects being *** response to the ITT plasma glucose reached a nadir sooner(P=0.005)in sheep exposed to HS,although there was no effect on the depth of the *** nCrPic decreased(P=0.007)the plasma glucose nadir after *** the duration of the ITT plasma insulin concentrations were lower in sheep exposed to HS(P=0.013)whereas there was no significant effect of supplemental *** was no effect of either HS or nCrPic on cortisol response to *** nCrPic supple-mentation decreased(P=0.013)mitogen-activated protein kinase-8(JNK)and increased(P=0.050)carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B(CPT1B)mRNA expression in skeletal *** of this experiment demonstrated that animals under HS and supplemented with nCrPic had greater insulin sensitivity.

关键词： Chromium picolinate Sheep Heat stress Insulin sensitivity

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Gestational heat stress alters skeletal muscle gene expression profiles and vascularity in fetal pigs in a sexually dimorphic manner

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1785-1798页

作者： Weicheng Zhao Mark P.Green Christina D.Marth Fan Liu Hieu H.Le Gordon S.Lynch Alan W.Bell brian J.leury Frank R.Dunshea Jeremy J.Cottrell School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of BioSciences Faculty of ScienceThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Melbourne Veterinary School Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneWerribeeVIC 3030Australia Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd CorowaNSW 2646Australia Centre for Muscle Research Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkville 3010Australia Department of Animal Science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-4801USA Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples)conditions for 3 ***: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles(false discovery rate(FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups(FDR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences

关键词： Adipogenesis Angiogenesis Fetal pig Gestation Heat stress Sexual dimorphism Skeletal muscle Sows

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Acid-insoluble ash is a better indigestible marker than chromic oxide to measure apparent total tract digestibility in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 64-71页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo Neil J.Gannon brian J.leury Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom

The aim of this study was to determine the apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of nutrients in cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate and more complex wheat-based diets using 2 indigestible markers and total faecal ***-five Large White×Landrace boars(57.8 kg)were randomly allocated to either a pure wheat diet,40%CSM or SBM in either a sugar-starch-(1∶1)or wheat-based diet for 18 ***-insoluble ash(AIA)and chromic oxide(Cr2O3)were included in all diets as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/d per pig)in 3 meals/d from d 1 to 11 and 8 meals/d from d 12 to *** d 9,the pigs were moved to individual metabolism cages to allow total faecal *** d 18,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8th meal,pigs were anaesthetized and digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal *** were no differences between ATTD of nitrogen(N)determined using AIA as a marker and measured by total faecal *** the other hand,the ATrD of N of diets containing CSM in sugar-starch-or wheat-based diets and the pure wheat diet determined using Cr2O3 as a marker was less(-3.11%,-4.46%and-6.59%;P

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility Nitrogen

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Dietary lecithin improves feed efficiency without impacting meat quality in immunocastrated male pigs and gilts fed a summer ration containing added fat

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 203-209页

作者： Henny Akit Cherie Collins Fahri Fahri Alex Hung Darryl D'Souza brian leury Frank Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia Rivalea Australia Pty Ltd. Australian Pork Ltd.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sex and dietary lecithin on growth performance,meat quality, muscle collagen content and gene expression of key genes involved in collagen synthesis in finisher pigs.A total of 256 pigs(Large White × Landrace) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement involving sex(gilt or immunocastrated [IC] male) and dietary treatment(0 or 5 g/kg of dietary lecithin).All diets were formulated to contain 4.6% tallow with relatively high total fat of 6.3%.After 5 weeks of dietary treatment, pigs were slaughtered and Longissimus dorsi muscle was obtained for evaluation of meat quality and collagen *** abdominis muscle was analysed for gene expression of key genes involved in collagen synthesis namely, type Ⅰ(a1) procollagen(COL1A1), type Ⅲ(a1) procollagen(COL3A1), a-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase(P4H), lysyl oxidase and metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1).The results showed that lecithin improved feed efficiency of all pigs(P 0.05).Lecithin also had no effect on meat compression, shear force, collagen content and gene expression(P > 0.05).Immunocastrated male had higher growth rate and increased COL1 A1 expression than ***, sex had no effect on fat depth at the P2 site(65 mm from the midline over the last rib), collagen content and expression of other genes(P > 0.05).In conclusion, lecithin improved feed efficiency in finishing pigs without impacting pork ***, inclusion of lecithin in diets containing high amount of tallow during the summer period could be beneficial.

关键词： Fat Feed efficiency Lecithin Meat quality Pigs

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Basal diet and indigestible marker influence apparent digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids of cottonseed meal and soybean meal in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第3期5卷 234-240页

作者： Susanto Prawirodigdo Neil J.Gannon brian J.leury Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia BPTP Central Java SemarangCentral Java50552Indonesia Biomin Singapore PO Box 2419ToowoombaQLD4350Australia

This study was to determine the apparent ileal nitrogen(N)and amino acid digestibilities of cottonseed meal(CSM)and soybean meal(SBM)in simple carbohydrate-based and more complex wheat-based *** five Large White × Landrace boars(40.9 kg)were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments:a wheat diet,40% CSM in either a sugar:starch(1:1)or wheat-based diet,or 40% SBM in either a sugar:starch or wheat-based diet for 14 *** diets contained vitamins,minerals,and contained acid-insoluble ash(AIA)and Cr2 O3 as indigestible *** were offered(1,800 g/pig per d)in3 meals/d on d 1-11 and 8 meals/d on d *** d 14,the pigs were fed hourly for 8 *** the 8 th meal,pigs were anaesthetised with isoflurothane,and ileal and faecal digesta sampled from the terminal ileum and rectum before lethal injection of *** ileal digestibility(AID)of N was greater(12.1%)when CSM was fed in the wheat-based diet as compared to the simple carbohydrate-based diet,whereas apparent ileal N digestibility of SBM was slightly lower(-4.5%)in the wheat-based diet as compared to the sugar:starch-based *** ileal amino acid digestibility generally respondeds similarly to ***,while there was a wide difference in apparent N and amino acid digestibilities of SBM and CSM when they were fed in the sugar:starch-based diets,these differences were less apparent when they were fed the wheat-based *** was an apparent net release of N into the hindgut of pigs fed CSM in both base ***,there was quite substantial apparent digestion of N in the hindgut of pigs fed SBM in both base *** use of Cr2 O3 as an indigestible marker resulted in lower apparent ileal and faecal digestibilities than using AIA,particularly for diets containing *** data demonstrate that the basal diet and choice of indigestible marker can substantially influence the estimate of apparent N digestibility,this response can differ for different protein meals.

关键词： Organic matter Pig Wheat Cottonseed meal Soybean meal Digestibility

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Dietary nano chromium picolinate can ameliorate some of the impacts of heat stress in cross-bred sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 198-205页

作者： Alex T.Hung brian J.leury Matthew A.Sabin Fahri Fahri Kristy DiGiacomo Tu-Fa Lien Frank R.Dunshea Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Department of Animal Science National Chiayi UniversityChina Faculty of Biological Sciences The University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUnited Kingdom

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of nano chromium picolinate(nCrPic)during heat stress(HS)in *** the initial study,36 Merino×Poll cross-bred sheep were individually penned and allocated to 3 dietary treatments(0,400 and 800μg/kg nCrPic)for 8 *** composition was determined at the beginning and end of the experiment using dual energy X-ray *** sheep remained in their dietary groups but were then placed in metabolic cages and randomly allocated within the dietary group to differing ambient temperature regimes,i.e.,thermo-neutral(TN)(n=18)and HS(n=18),for 3 *** nCrPic had no effect on growth performance and body composition during the initial study conducted under TN *** stress decreased average daily feed intake(ADFI)(P=0.002)whereas sheep under HS had reduced average daily gain(ADG)and indeed lost weight(P<0.001).Dietary nCrPic increased both ADFI(P=0.041)and ADG(P=0.049)under both TH and HS conditions such that the performance of sheep receiving supplemental nCrPic and exposed to HS was similar to that of control sheep maintained under TN *** stress increased rectal temperature(P<0.001)and respiration rate(P<0.001),particularly during the hottest parts of the day as indicated by interactions(P<0.001)between time of day and thermal *** temperature was lower in sheep fed nCrPic(P=0.050),particularly under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and time of day(P<0.001)and dietary nCrPic,thermal treat-ment and time of day(P=0.010).Similarly,respiration rate was lower in sheep fed nCrPic under peak HS conditions during the afternoon as indicated by the interactions between dietary nCrPic and thermal treatment(P<0.001)and dietary nCrPic and time of day(P=0.030).In conclusion,dietary nCrPic can partially ameliorate the negative effects of HS as indicated by the maintenance of ADFI and decreased physiological responses,such as elevatio

关键词： Chromium picolinate Sheep Heat stress Nanotechnology Physiology

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Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2004-2009页

作者： brian M.Lozinski Khanh Ta Yifei Dong Department of Clinical Neuroscience University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Deparment of Biochemistry Microbiology&ImmunologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological ***,the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely *** in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system(CNS).Lgals3 encodes galectin-3(Gal3),aβ-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the CNS during various neurological *** Gal3 has previously been associated with non-CNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases,recent studies highlight Gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the CNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and Parkinson’s *** this review,we summarize the pleiotropic functions of Gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological *** also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting Gal3 in the human CNS.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Galectin 3 microglia multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease therapeutics

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Areal Roughness of the Dorsal Nail Plate

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第1期7卷 27-34页

作者： brian Lee Beatty Edward Li Adaeze Anaekwe Anatomy Department NYIT College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNY 11568USA United States National Museum Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20560USA Division of Paleobiology Friends AcademyLocust ValleyNY 11560USA

Objective:Beau lines,onychorrhexis,and psoriatic lesions of the dorsal nail plate may be missed by photographic methods,indicating a need for surface texture measurement methods that are more quantitative,sensitive,and repeatable than visual inspection or *** conducted this study to evaluate the utility of surface texture measurements of cadaveric nails that can be associated with histopathological studies in the ***:The nail plates of 4 cadaveric right pollices and halluces were cleaned and molded,cast in clear epoxy,and scanned with a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer.A one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine statistical significance of ***:Almost no differences were observed between the pollex and hallux scans and between the distal and proximal *** greatest differences were found between *** lower magnification(5×)is less sensitive than higher magnification(20×),the lower magnification represented and characterized more of the dorsal nail ***:The dorsal nail plate areal roughness has a measurable range of values that may serve as a starting point for evaluating pathological findings,particularly Beau lines and psoriatic *** sensitivity of these techniques may be especially valuable in the recognition of less severe states of these diseases that may enable the diagnosis of earlier stages of growth disruptions(Beau lines)or *** applications could be especially useful in investigations of the health of wildlife populations or vulnerable human populations with incomplete treatment records.

关键词： nail plate surface metrology areal roughness

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Estimation of secondary nucleation kinetics of benzoic acid in batch crystallizer

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 232-239页

作者： Yan Zhao Weiyuan Zhang Jinbo Ouyang Guangyang Hou Vamsi Krishna Kamaraju brian Glennon School of Chemical Engineering Hebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyQinhuangdao066004China Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre School of Chemical and Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity College DublinDublin 4Ireland Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices East China University of TechnologyNanchang330013China APC Ltd Dublin 4Ireland

The nucleation and growth kinetics of benzoic acid were determined in a population balance model,describing the seeded batch antisolvent crystallization *** process analytical technologies(PATs)were utilized to record the evolution of chord length distributions(CLDs)in solid phase together with the concentration decay in liquid phase,which provided essential experimental information for parameter *** model was solved using standard method of moments based on the moments calculated from CLDs and solute concentration.A developed model,incorporating the nucleation and crystal growth as functions of both supersaturation and solvent composition,has been constructed by fitting the zeroth moment of particles and concentration *** determined kinetic parameters were consequently validated against a new experiment with a different flow rate,indicating that the developed model predicted crystallization process reasonably *** work illustrates the strategy in construct a population balance model for further simulation,model-based optimization and control studies of benzoic acid in antisolvent crystallization.

关键词： Benzoic acid Antisolvent crystallization Population balance equation Nucleation Growth

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聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

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作者： brian Branch 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相... 详细信息

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相当紧迫,需要我们提出能够同时平衡材料环保与阻燃性能的创新解决方案。对于聚合物的降解问题,一种潜在的解决方案是利用和开发同时具有生物安全性和可生物降解的生物基聚合物。然而,相较于石油基聚合物,这些替代品往往在某些方面有性能缺陷（如力学性能et al）。因此,对这些生物基聚合物的研究需要同时兼顾其环境友好的优点并改善其对应性能的缺陷。而在阻燃性能方面,传统的阻燃剂（如含卤阻燃剂）,已被证明具有良好的阻燃效果,但由于其会产生毒副产物,存在环境与健康隐患,因此将开发新型安全无卤的磷系阻燃剂以代替传统的卤系阻燃剂。本研究通过将聚多巴胺（PDA）和磷系阻燃剂应用在聚乳酸（PLA）无纺布,为解决上述问题做出了一定贡献。通过实验发现,PDA涂层与磷系化合物的同时应用可显著提高PLA织物的阻燃性能,且涂层同样具有较高的生物安全性且对环境影响较小。此外,这项工作还凸现了PDA涂层可在PLA中快速高效应用的潜力。主要成果如下:本论文的第一部分是聚多巴胺和磷基化合物THPO作为关键阻燃剂的应用。通过喷雾共沉积方法将THPO引入到聚多巴胺基质中。这种方法显著增强了涂层织物的耐火性。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照织物的18%增加到27.5%。此外,UL-94测试的损坏长度从9.5厘米减少到7.5厘米。值得注意的是,熔体滴落性能得到增强,在测试过程中没有观察到火焰滴落。此外,热重分析显示THPO促进了适度的炭形成。仅存在聚多巴胺涂层时,样品的总烟雾产生量和烟雾产生速率均显着降低,导致Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s;进一步凸显了该方法的有效性。抗紫外线测试显示,20小时内涂层样品的质量平均损失1.5%,而对照PLA织物的质量损失超过15%。本研究的第二部分重点是使用聚多巴胺作为功能涂层和聚磷酸铵（APP）作为磷基阻燃剂,在PLA织物表面形成称为PDA-Cu-APP的金属络合物。这种创新方法证明了进一步增强了织物的耐火性能,熔体滴落性能得到改善,在UL-94垂直燃烧测试中未观察到熔滴。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照PLA的18%显着增加至29.2%。此外,热重分析表明,炭残留物从对照PLA织物的1.5%增加到9.0%。Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s,降低了33%。涂层中的PDA组分显着提高了抗紫外线性能,降低了质量损失率,紫外老化后涂层织物的拉伸强度是对照PLA织物的4倍。总之,本研究将生物基聚多巴胺涂层与磷基阻燃剂相结合以增强PLA织物的防火安全性,保持了环境可持续性目标的可行性。这些发现为未来开发生物基聚合物材料阻燃解决方案的研究提供了有效的途径。

关键词：阻燃剂聚多巴胺聚乳酸聚磷酸铵三(羟甲基)膦氧化物无纺布

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