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Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 27-41页

作者： laura E Zweifler Mudita K Patel Francisco H Nociti Jr Helen F Wimer Jose l Milln Martha J Somerman brian l Foster National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics School of Dentistry Campinas State University Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Sanford Children’s Health Research Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute

Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone. Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate （Pi） to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate （PPi）, where local Pi and PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase （TNAP） and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 （NPP1）. The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. loss of NPP1 in the Enppl null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum. Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enppl gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TNAP expression creates a low PPi environment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPi have little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected.

关键词： cementum bone ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 periodontal ligament progressive ankylosis protein tissue-nonspecific aJkalJne phosphatase

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Analysis of electric vehicle charging using the traditional generation expansion planning analysis tool WASP-IV

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第2期3卷 240-248页

作者： Aoife FOlEY brian O GAllACHOIR School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT95AHUK School of Engineering University College CorkCollege RoadCorkIreland

Electric vehicles(EV)are proposed as a measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in transport and support increased wind power penetration across modern power *** benefits can only be achieved,if EVs are deployed effectively,so that the exhaust emissions are not substituted by additional emissions in the electricity sector,which can be implemented using Smart Grid *** research presents the results of an EV roll-out in the all island grid(AIG)in Ireland using the long term generation expansion planning model called the Wien Automatic System Planning IV(WASP-IV)tool to measure carbon dioxide emissions and changes in total *** model incorporates all generators and operational requirements while meeting environmental emissions,fuel availability and generator operational and maintenance constraints to optimize economic dispatch and unit commitment power *** the study three distinct scenarios are investigated base case,peak and off-peak charging to simulate the impacts of EV’s in the AIG up to 2025.

关键词： Economic dispatch Environmental dispatch Plug-in electric vehicle Generation expansion planning Carbon dioxide emissions Energy

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Designing drug regimens for special intensive care unit populations

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2015年第2期4卷 139-151页

作者： brian l Erstad Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science University of Arizona College of Pharmacy

This review is intended to help clinicians design drug regimens for special populations of critically ill patients with extremes of body size, habitus and composition that make drug choice or dosing particularly challenging due to the lack of high-level evidence on which to make wellinformed clinical decisions. The data sources included a literature search of MEDlINE and EMBASE with reviews of reference lists of retrieved articles. Abstracts of original research investigations and review papers were reviewed for their relevance to drug choice or dosing in the following special critically ill populations: patients with more severeforms of bodyweight or height, patients with amputations or missing limbs, pregnant patients, and patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or plasma exchange. Relevant papers were retrieved and evaluated, and their associated reference lists were reviewed for citations that may have been missed through the electronic search strategy. Relevant original research investigations and review papers that could be used to formulate general principles for drug choice or dosing in special populations of critically ill patients were extracted. Randomized studies with clinically relevant endpoints were not available for performing quantitative analyses. Critically ill patients with changes in body size, habitus and composition require special consideration when designing medication regimens, but there is a paucity of literature on which to make drug-specific, high-level evidencebased recommendations. Based on the evidence that is available, general recommendations are provided for drug choice or dosing in special critically ill populations.

关键词： Drug dosage calculations Pharmacokinetics Critical care Body composition Obesity Pregnancy

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Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst of the pancreas: A truly novel pathological entity?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第13期11卷 2045-2047页

作者： brian K.P.Goh Yu-Meng Tan Puay-Hoon Tan london l.P.J.Ooi Department of Surgery Department of Pathology

Recently, a novel and distinct pancreatic cystic tumor termed 'mudnous nonneoplastic' cyst was described in the literature. We report our experience with a 71-year-old female with a cystic tumor in the body of the pancreas demonstrating features suggestive of this diagnosis. We also review the literature regarding this 'novel' pathological entity and discuss critically its existence and its differential diagnoses.

关键词： Pancreatic cyst Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst Mucinous cysts Pancreatic cystic tumors Pancreas Cyst

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Insula and the Immune System:More than mere Co-existence?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2022年第10期38卷 1271-1273页

作者： Panagiotis Kerezoudis Charles l.Howe long-Jun Wu brian N.lundstrom Jamie J.Van Gompel Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Does the Brain Regulate the Immune System?While long considered to be separate entities,increasing evidence has demonstrated that thebrain and theperipheral immune system interact through bidirectional feedback[1].The brain hosts a vibrant immune environment(*** and perivascular macrophages)that is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the central nervous system[2].In addition,the brain is the central regulator of the rest of the body and its homeostasis.

关键词： Immune homeostasis Ins

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Sodium variability is associated with increased mortality in severe burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 243-248页

作者： Soman Sen Nam Tran brian Chan Tina l. Palmieri David G. Greenhalgh Kiho Cho Department of Surgery Division of Burn Surgery University of California Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd. Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Background:Dysnatremias are associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Hypernatremia in burn patients is also associated with poor survival. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that high plasma sodium variability is a marker for increased mortality in severely burn-injured patients. Methods:We performed a retrospective review of adult burn patients with a burn injury of 15%total body surface area (TBSA) or greater from 2010 to 2014. All patients included in the study had at least three serum sodium levels checked during admission. We used multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine if hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or sodium variability independently increased the odds ratio (OR) for death. Results:Two hundred twelve patients met entry criteria. Mean age and%TBSA for the study was 45 ± 18 years and 32 ± 19%. Twenty-nine patients died for a mortality rate of 14%. Serum sodium was measured 10,310 times overall. The median number of serum sodium measurements per patient was 22. Non-survivors were older (59 ± 19 vs. 42 ± 16 years) and suffered from a more severe burn injury (50 ± 25%vs. 29 ± 16%TBSA). While mean sodium was significantly higher for non-survivors (138 ± 3 milliequivalents/liter (meq/l)) than for survivors (135 ± 2 meq/l), mean sodium levels remained within the laboratory reference range (135 to 145 meq/l) for both groups. Non-survivors had a significantly higher median number of hypernatremic (>145 meq/l) measurements (2 vs. 0). Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantly higher in non-survivors (2.85 ± 1.1) than survivors (2.0 ± 0.7). Adjusting for TBSA, age, ventilator days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, a higher CV of sodium measurements was associated with mortality (OR 5.8 (95%confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 22)). Additionally, large variation in sodium ranges in the first 10 days of admission may be associated with increased mortality (OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.06 to1.7)). Conclusions:Increased variability in plas

关键词： Sodium Burns Critical illness Ions Hypernatremia Hyponatremia

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Geographic segregation and evidence of density-dependent changes in sex ratios in an abundant colonial waterbird

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第5期9卷 570-582页

作者： brian S.DORR Katie C.HANSON-DORR Travis l.DeVAUlT Alban GUIllAUMET Scott C.BARRAS United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services(USDA-WS)National Wildlife Research CenterMississippi Field StationMississippi StateMississippiUSA USDA-WS National Wildlife Research CenterOhio Field StationSanduskyOhioUSA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMississippiUSA USDA-WS MoseleyVirginiaUSA University of Hawaii Office of Research/PIPESHiloHIUSA.

Demographic information,such as geographic segregation of sexes and sex ratio data,is needed to develop,model and evaluate conservation and management strategies for wildlife.A variety of physiological,behavioral and environmental factors can influence segregation of sexes and sex ratios,many of which originate with density-dependent *** from 50:50 sex ratios of double-crested cormorants(Phalacrocorax auritus)collected during control efforts in breeding and wintering areas across their eastern range of the USA were evaluated using using a Z-test as well as Stouffer’s weighted *** addition,a specifically-designed randomization test was used to evaluate density-dependent effects on primary sex ratios in cormorants from egg collections and colony nest count data over a 21-year *** collected from breeding colonies were strongly male-biased,whereas cormorants collected from feeding flocks were slightly biased toward *** were partly segregated by sex on the wintering grounds,with significantly more males found in areas with intensive channel catfish *** null hypothesis that females produced a balanced sex ratio independent of number of nesting cormorants was rejected:more male embryos were produced during rapid population growth,whereas at maximum nesting number more female embryos were *** populations stabilized,the sex ratio was more *** examination of sex ratios indicates that different management methods and locations result in sex-biased culling of ***-biased culling in cormorants could make population reduction efforts more efficient and reduce overall *** suggest further research to examine density-dependent effects on primary sex ratios documented here.

关键词： Ashmole’s halo management Phalacrocorax auritus population growth sex ratio theory

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Eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness abolishes sex differences in fatigability during sustained submaximal isometric contractions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 523-533页

作者： Hanna l.Jodoin Avery Hinks Olivia P.Roussel Vincenzo S.Contento brian H.Dalton Geoffrey A.Power Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada School of Health and Exercise Science University of British ColumbiaKelownaBC V1V 1V7Canada

Background:Females are typically less fatigable than males during sustained isometric contractions at lower isometric contraction *** sex difference in fatigability becomes more variable during higher intensity isometric and dynamic *** less fatiguing than isometric or concentric contractions,eccentric contractions induce greater and longer lasting impairments in force ***,it is not clear how muscle weakness influences fatigability in males and females during sustained isometric ***:We investigated the effects of eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness on time to task failure(TTF)during a sustained submaximal isometric contraction in young(18-30 years)healthy males(n=9)and females(n=10).Participants performed a sustained isometric contraction of the dorsiflexors at 35°plantar flexion by matching a 30%maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)torque target until task failure(i.e.,falling below 5%of their target torque for>2 s).The same sustained isometric contraction was repeated 30 min after 150 maximal eccentric *** and antagonist activation were assessed using surface electromyography over the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles,***:Males were~41%stronger than *** eccentric exercise both males and females experienced an~20%decline in maximal voliuntary contraction *** was-34%longer in females than males prior to eccentic exercise-induced muscle ***,following eccentric exercise-induced muscle weakness,this sex-related difference was abolished,with both groups having an"45%shorter ***,there was~100%greater antagonist activation in the female group during the sustained isometric contraction following exercise-induced weakness as compared to the ***:This increase in antagonist activation disadvantaged females by decreasing their TTF,resulting in a blunting of their typical fatigability advantage over males.

关键词： Fatigue Isometric Sex Time to task failure Weakness

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Osteoblast-restricted Disruption of the Growth Hormone Receptor in Mice Results in Sexually Dimorphic Skeletal Phenotypes

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Bone Research 2013年第1期1卷 85-97页

作者： Vandana Singhal brian C.Goh Mary l.Bouxsein Marie-Claude Faugere Douglas J.DiGirolamo Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Albert B.Chandler Medical Center University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA

Growth hormone （GH） exerts profound anabolic actions during postnatal skeletal development, in part, through stimulating the production of insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） in liver and skeletal tissues. To examine the requirement for the GH receptor （GHR） in osteoblast function in bone, we used Cre-loxP methods to disrupt the GHR from osteoblasts, both in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of GHR from primary calvarial osteoblasts in vitro abolished GH-induced signaling, as assessed by JAK2/STAT5 phosphorylation, and abrogated GH-induced proliferative and anti-apoptotic actions. Osteoblasts lacking GHR exhibited reduced IGF-l-induced Erk and Akt phosphorylation and attenuated IGF-1-induced proliferation and anti-apoptotic action. In addition, differentiation was modestly impaired in osteoblasts lacking GHR, as demonstrated by reduced alkaline phosphatase staining and calcium deposition. In order to determine the requirement for the GHR in bone in vivo, we generated mice lacking the GHR specifically in osteoblasts （△GHR）, which were born at the expected Mendelian frequency, had a normal life span and were of normal size. Three week-old, female AGHR mice had significantly reduced osteoblast numbers, consistent with the in vitro data. By six weeks of age however, female AGHR mice demonstrated a marked increase in osteoblasts, although mineralization was impaired; a phenotype similar to that observed previously in mice lacking IGF-1R specifically in osteoblasts. The most striking phenotype occurred in male mice however, where disruption of the GHR from osteoblasts resulted in a ＂feminization＂ of bone geometry in 16 week-old mice, as observed by faCT. These results demonstrate that the GHR is required for normal postnatal bone development in both sexes. GH appears to serve a primary function in modulating local IGF-1 action. However, the changes in bone geometry observed in male AGHR mice suggest that, in addition to facilitating IGF-1 action, GH may function to a greater

关键词： growth hormone osteoblasts knockout mice bone sexual dimorphism

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Rhus longipes (Engl.) infusions improve glucose metabolism and mitigate oxidative biomarkers in ferrous sulfate-induced renal injury

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2022年第11期12卷 453-465页

作者： brian K.Beseni Kolawole AOlofinsan Veronica F.Salau Ochuko l.Erukainure Md.Shahidul Islam Department of Biochemistry University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusDurban 4000South Africa Department of Pharmacology University of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

Objective:To explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Rhus longipes(***)leaf and stem bark aqueous ***:*** leaf and stem bark infusions were characterized via gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy(GC-MS)*** vitro antioxidant and carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of *** infusions were ***,the modulatory effects of *** infusions on intestinal glucose absorption,muscle glucose uptake,and biomarkers of renal oxidative injury were *** docking was performed to determine the binding affinities of the identified compounds from the leaf and stem bark infusions on carbohydrate and lipid digestive ***:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocompounds,including palmitoleic acid,octadecanamide,24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and l-ascorbic *** bark infusion had significantly higher total phenolic contents compared with the leaf infusion,with better DPPH scavenging[IC_(50):(10.50±1.03)μg/ml]and ferric reducing[IC_(50):(9.85±0.32)μg/ml]activities(Ply increased glucose uptake in yeast suspension and rat psoas muscle with marked suppression of glucose absorption in the rat jejunum(Plls,the infusions lowered lipid peroxidation,increased cellular reduced glutathione concentration,and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal homogenate treated with FeSO_(4).Conclusions:*** shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetes.

关键词： Antioxidant Oxidative biomarkers Enzyme inhibition Antidiabetic Rhus longipes Searsia longipes

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