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Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 2004-2009页

作者： brian m.Lozinski Khanh Ta Yifei Dong Department of Clinical Neuroscience University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada Deparment of Biochemistry Microbiology&ImmunologyUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological ***,the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely *** in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system(CNS).Lgals3 encodes galectin-3(gal3),aβ-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the CNS during various neurological *** gal3 has previously been associated with non-CNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases,recent studies highlight gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the CNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,and Parkinson’s *** this review,we summarize the pleiotropic functions of gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological *** also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting gal3 in the human CNS.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease galectin 3 microglia multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation Parkinson’s disease therapeutics

Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh David g.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SmILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the mHD-based OpenggCm model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

New Opportunities for Neutrons in Environmental and Biological Sciences

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 179-186页

作者： Alexander Johs Shuo Qian Leighton Coates brian H.Davison James g.Elkins Xin gu Jennifer morrell-Falvey Hugh O'Neill Jeffrey m.Warren Eric m.Pierce Kenneth Herwig Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37831USA

The use of neutron methods in environmental and biological sciences is rapidly emerging and accelerating with the development of new instruments at neutron user *** article,based on a workshop held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL),offers insights into the application of neutron techniques in environmental and biological *** highlight recent advances and identify key challenges and potential future research *** include soil and rhizosphere processes,root water dynamics,plant-microbe interactions,structure and dynamics of biological systems,applications in synthetic biology and enzyme engineering,next-generation bioproducts,biomaterials and bioenergy,nanoscale structure,and fluid dynamics of porous materials in *** provide an outlook on emerging opportunities with an emphasis on new capabilities that will be enabled at the Spallation Neutron Source Second Target Station currently under design at *** mission of scientific neutron user facilities worldwide is to enable science using state-of-the-art neutron *** aim to encourage researchers in the environmental and biological research community to explore the unique capability afforded by neutrons at these facilities.

关键词： Neutrons Environment Biology Neutron imaging Neutron scattering Second Target Station(STS)

magnesium oxide(mgO)nanoadsorbents in wastewater treatment:A comprehensive review

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1709-1773页

作者： H.C.S.Perera V.gurunanthanan Anoop Singh m.m.m.g.P.g.mantilaka g.Das Sandeep Arya Department of Physics Khalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi12788United Arab Emirates Postgraduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka Department of Humanities and Sciences Guru Nanak Institutions Technical CampusIbrahimpatnamHyderabad501506India Centre for global Health Research Saveetha Medical College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105Tamil NaduIndia Department of Physics University of JammuJammu and Kashmir180006India

Wastewater contamination by heavy metals and synthetic dyes presents a significant environmental challenge,necessitating effective and sustainable separation *** review article provides a detailed examination of magnesium oxide(mgO)nanoparticles as an innovative nanoadsorbent for wastewater treatment,with a specific focus on heavy metal and dye *** review comprehensively explores various aspects of mgO nanoparticles,including their structural characteristics and synthesis *** article delves into the morphology and crystallographic arrangement of mgO nanoparticles,offering insights into their structural *** the complexity of adsorption processes,the review identifies and analyzes parameters influencing the adsorption efficiency of mgO nanoparticles,such as temperature,pH,contact time,initial concentration,and co-existing *** interplay between these parameters and the adsorption capability of mgO nanoparticles emphasizes the importance of optimizing operational ***,the review assesses various synthesis methods for mgO nanoparticles,including sol-gel,hydrothermal,precipitation,green synthesis,solvothermal,and template-assisted *** discusses the advantages,limitations,and resulting nanoparticle characteristics of each method,enabling readers to grasp the implications of synthesis processes on adsorption *** comprehensive review consolidates current insights into the effectiveness of mgO nanoparticles as a potent nanoadsorbent for removing heavy metals and dyes from wastewater covering a wide spectrum of aspects related to mgO ***,there is a need to investigate the use of mgO in the treatment of actual wastewater or river water,in order to leverage its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency for practical water treatment applications in real-time.

关键词： mgO nanoparticles Nanoadsorbent Wastewater treatment Heavy metals Dye separation Adsorption Synthesis methods

Control system design for a pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor via a higher order sliding mode method

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 145-154页

作者： m.Hajipour g.R.Ansarifar Department of Nuclear Engineering Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of IsfahanIsfahan 81746-73441Iran

Nuclear power plants exhibit non-linear and time-variable ***,designing a control system that sets the reactor power and forces it to follow the desired load is complicated.A supercritical water reactor(SCWR)is a fourth-generation conceptual *** an SCWR,the non-linear dynamics of the reactor require a controller capable of control-ling the *** this study,a pressure-tube-type SCWR was controlled during reactor power maneuvering with a higher order sliding mode,and the reactor outgoing steam temperature and pressure were controlled *** an SCWR,the temperature,pressure,and power must be maintained at a setpoint(desired value)during power *** point kinetics equations with three groups of delayed neutrons were used in the ***-order and classic sliding mode controllers were separately manufactured to control the plant and were compared with the PI controllers speci-fied in previous *** controlled parameters were reactor power,steam temperature,and ***,for these parameters,the PI controller had certain instabilities in the presence of *** classic sliding mode controller had a higher accuracy and stability;however its main drawback was the chattering *** was highly accurate and stable and had a small computational *** reality,it followed the desired values without oscillations and chattering.

关键词： Supercritical water nuclear reactor Higher order sliding mode controller Steam temperature Steam pressure Point kinetics model

mesenchymal stem cell-based TRAIL delivery inhibits the metastatic state of clinical therapy-resistant progressive neuroblastoma

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 287-293页

作者： Dinesh Babu Somasundaram Andrew maher Sheeja Aravindan Zhongxin Yu brian mBesch Natarajan Aravindan Department of Radiation Oncology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Stephenson Cancer Center Oklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Pathology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Radiation Biology Laboratory University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterBSEB 302F941 Stanton L.Young BoulevardOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(ImCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line ImCT actively evolve to acquire genetic and molecular rearrangements and display unparalleled plasticity and evolution,which causes frequent relapses in a rapidly accelerating timeline[2-4].

关键词： neuroblastoma clinical evolve

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.g.PAVITHRA B.J.gIREESHA m.L.KEERTHI Department of Pg Studies and Research in mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTm) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTm) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field

Pressurized environments directly influence friction and wear of dry steel contacts—Investigations in a novel high fluid pressure tribometer

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Friction 2024年第7期12卷 1599-1617页

作者： Paul REICHLE Jakob BARZ georg UmLAUF günter E.m.TOVAR Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology(IgVP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology(IgB) Stuttgart 70569Germany

To reduce the usage of classical lubricants in deep drawing,a new tribological system based on volatile lubricants was ***,a volatile medium is injected under high pressure into the interstice between drawing tool and sheet *** on temperature and pressure,the temporary lubricant may exist in its gaseous or liquid *** this study,a novel high fluid pressure tribometer was designed to investigate the friction and wear of dry steel contacts under comparable conditions like in dry deep ***,a new ball-on-disc tribometer was designed and integrated into a high-pressure *** specifically investigate the effects of different environments(technical air,liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide,nitrogen,argon)at atmospheric and high pressure(0.1 mPa,6 mPa)on tribology,the specimens and all components were operating *** the experiments,the friction was measured *** show that the highest friction occurs in air and the lowest in carbon dioxide *** to the experiments,the wear of the specimens was assessed along with changes in surface chemistry related to tribochemical ***,the tribology of the dry sliding contacts is correlated to changes of the surface *** differences as well as similarities regarding the different fluid environments are *** the results show,the differences between the media used are most pronounced at elevated ***,this work gives clear indications on the suitability of volatile lubricants in dry friction or rather gas lubrication,especially for dry deep drawing.

关键词： dry friction and dry wear gas lubrication carbon dioxide tribo-layer dry metal forming

聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

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聚乳酸无纺布环保PDA类阻燃剂的制备与研究

作者： brian Branch 北京化工大学

学位级别：硕士

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相... 详细信息

石油基聚合物的降解以及其火安全性能是当今世界面临的关键挑战。这是由于石油基聚合物应用广泛,在使用后难以降解,会导致严重的环境污染问题。此外,石油基聚合物大多易燃,易引发火灾对人类的生命安全造成威胁。因此解决这些问题显得相当紧迫,需要我们提出能够同时平衡材料环保与阻燃性能的创新解决方案。对于聚合物的降解问题,一种潜在的解决方案是利用和开发同时具有生物安全性和可生物降解的生物基聚合物。然而,相较于石油基聚合物,这些替代品往往在某些方面有性能缺陷（如力学性能et al）。因此,对这些生物基聚合物的研究需要同时兼顾其环境友好的优点并改善其对应性能的缺陷。而在阻燃性能方面,传统的阻燃剂（如含卤阻燃剂）,已被证明具有良好的阻燃效果,但由于其会产生毒副产物,存在环境与健康隐患,因此将开发新型安全无卤的磷系阻燃剂以代替传统的卤系阻燃剂。本研究通过将聚多巴胺（PDA）和磷系阻燃剂应用在聚乳酸（PLA）无纺布,为解决上述问题做出了一定贡献。通过实验发现,PDA涂层与磷系化合物的同时应用可显著提高PLA织物的阻燃性能,且涂层同样具有较高的生物安全性且对环境影响较小。此外,这项工作还凸现了PDA涂层可在PLA中快速高效应用的潜力。主要成果如下:本论文的第一部分是聚多巴胺和磷基化合物THPO作为关键阻燃剂的应用。通过喷雾共沉积方法将THPO引入到聚多巴胺基质中。这种方法显著增强了涂层织物的耐火性。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照织物的18%增加到27.5%。此外,UL-94测试的损坏长度从9.5厘米减少到7.5厘米。值得注意的是,熔体滴落性能得到增强,在测试过程中没有观察到火焰滴落。此外,热重分析显示THPO促进了适度的炭形成。仅存在聚多巴胺涂层时,样品的总烟雾产生量和烟雾产生速率均显着降低,导致Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s;进一步凸显了该方法的有效性。抗紫外线测试显示,20小时内涂层样品的质量平均损失1.5%,而对照PLA织物的质量损失超过15%。本研究的第二部分重点是使用聚多巴胺作为功能涂层和聚磷酸铵（APP）作为磷基阻燃剂,在PLA织物表面形成称为PDA-Cu-APP的金属络合物。这种创新方法证明了进一步增强了织物的耐火性能,熔体滴落性能得到改善,在UL-94垂直燃烧测试中未观察到熔滴。极限氧指数（LOI）从对照PLA的18%显着增加至29.2%。此外,热重分析表明,炭残留物从对照PLA织物的1.5%增加到9.0%。Fig RA值从22.2 k W/m2s降低至14.7 k W/m2s,降低了33%。涂层中的PDA组分显着提高了抗紫外线性能,降低了质量损失率,紫外老化后涂层织物的拉伸强度是对照PLA织物的4倍。总之,本研究将生物基聚多巴胺涂层与磷基阻燃剂相结合以增强PLA织物的防火安全性,保持了环境可持续性目标的可行性。这些发现为未来开发生物基聚合物材料阻燃解决方案的研究提供了有效的途径。

关键词：阻燃剂聚多巴胺聚乳酸聚磷酸铵三(羟甲基)膦氧化物无纺布