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Inhibition of sperm motility does not affect live-dead separation of bull sperm by glass beads

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第3期3卷 193-198页

作者： Robert H.foote Department of Animal Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853-4801 USA

Aim: This study was designed to explore factors which influence binding of dead versus live sperm to glass ***: Multiple semen collections from bulls were used to explore selective filtration of bull sperm as influencedby nonlethal inhibition of sperm motility with fluoride, killing of sperm by quick-freezing, alteration of the glass sur-face with silicone, and different intervals of sexual rest between semen collections. Results: A comparison of glassspheres 100, 200 and 390μm in diameter indicated that 200 μm spheres were optimal for selective filtration. Quantita-tive separation of live from dead sperm was demonstrated with a correlation between the percentage of motile sperm andretention of sperm by the filter of r = -0.87 (P < 0.05). Up to 0.02 mol/L NaFl did not alter the proportion ofsperm retained by the filter despite inhibiting sperm motility during filtration, an inhibition which was reversible. Pro-portions of live-dead sperm, based upon eosin staining, were unaffected by fluoride. Coating the glass spheres with sil-icone greatly reduced selective filtration. Dead sperm adherence to glass was reduced and resistance to NaFl inhibitionwas increased by daily ejaculation versus one-week intervals of sexual rest. Conclusion; These studies indicate thatthe adherence of sperm to glass is primarily due to some form of physico-chemical change accompanying death of thesperm cell independent of active sperm motility. This attraction between the sperm plasma membrane and glass is modi-fied by the age of the ejaculated sperm. This information is useful in evaluating different clinical procedures used forsperm separation. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 193-198)

关键词： sperm motility glass spere filters silicone fluorides inhibition

Evaluating information-seeking approaches to metacognition

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 531-542页

作者： Jonathon D. CRYSTAL Allison L. foote Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA Department of Psychology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Metacognition has been divided into information monitoring and control processes. Monitoring involves knowing that you know or do not know some information without taking corrective action. Control involves taking corrective action based on the knowledge that you know or do not know some information. In comparative metacognition, considerable attention has been paid toward critically assessing putative evidence for information monitoring in non-human animals. However, less attention has been paid toward critically evaluating evidence for control processes in animals. We briefly review a critique of information-monitoring in animals. Next, we apply these concepts to a number of studies that focus on information seeking in animals. The main type of evidence for control processes in animals come from tube tipping experiments. Before having the opportunity to search for the bait in these experiments, the subject sometimes observes opaque tubes being baited but is sometimes prevented from seeing the baiting. The observations that the subjects look more if baiting was not seen and are more accurate if baiting was seen have been taken as evidence for metacognition in information-seeking experiments. We propose simple alternative hypotheses that are sufficient to explain putative evidence for information seeking in animals without positing metacognition. The alternative explanation focuses on two relatively simple principles： First, an animal has a default ＂look before you go＂ response which supersedes random searches in space. Second, spatially guided behavior follows a default rule of ＂go where something good is.＂ These principles can explain the results of tube tipping experiments without proposing metacognition [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 531-542, 2011].

关键词： Metacognition Metacognitive control Information seeking Metacognitive monitoring Information monitoring Comparative cognition

Resazurin reduction and other tests of semen quality and fertility of bulls

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Asian Journal of Andrology 1999年第3期1卷 109-114页

作者： Robert H.foote Department of Animal Science Comell University Ithaca NY 14853-4801 USA

Aim: This study was undertaken to compare the reduction in color of two dyes methylene blue (MBRT) and resazurindye (RRT) with other tests of bull semen quality and to examine their relationship to fertility. Methods: One hundredsixty-four ejaculates from 59 bulls were examined, processed, and used for 30 016 inseminations. Results: Bulls usedin artificial insemination have been selected for high semen quality and fertility, and semen from these bulls averaged80.6 % unstained sperm, only 11% had abnormalities, and fertility ranged from 64 %to 76 %. The MBRT and RRTwere run with standardized sperm numbers to prevent sperm concentration from influencing the dye reduction time. Ashort RRT was correlated with higher fertility ( r = -0.26) but MBRT was not correlated ( r = -0.05, P >0.0,5).The correlations were low, but axe typical and reflect the statistical effect of the large binomial variance associated withpregnancy or nonpregnancy being coded as 1 or O. Conclusion: The fact that the RRT was significantly correlated withfertility when sperm numbers were standardized, and published reports that resazurin is useful for monitoring other semencharacteristics, indicate that this dye may provide valuable information not given by other simple laboratory tests. (AsianJ Androl 1999 Sep; 1: 109 - 114 )

关键词： fertility semen spermatozoa cattle resazurin reduction

Local and range-wide distribution of song types suggest Ovenbirds(Seiurus aurocapilla)have song neighborhoods but not macro-dialects

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 191-199页

作者： Patrick M.Jagielski Jennifer R.foote Department of Biology Algoma UniversitySault Ste.MarieONCanada

The song systems of oscine passerines(songbirds)are complex and *** songs are used for both mate attraction and territory defense and are therefore important signals for survival and reproduction,comprehensive knowledge of within and among species song structure and distribution is informative for understanding the evolution of song repertoires and vocal *** this study,we explored variation in the song structure of the Ovenbird(Seiurus aurocapilla),a widespread warbler(Family Parulidae)found in North American *** analyzed recordings from the 2021 breeding season to assess song type variation at a local(n=158 birds;Sault ***,ON)and breeding range scale(n=512 birds;eBird).We characterized the local song types and tested whether Ovenbirds share song types with their neighbors more often than expected by *** then characterized song types of Ovenbirds across the breeding range to determine whether any geographic pattern of song clustering exists(i.e.,macro-dialects).We found 10 distinct song types and some evidence for song type clustering at the local study site(i.e.,song neighborhoods).We found 7 of those 10 song types throughout the breeding range and identified an additional 24 types that were not recorded in our local *** found no evidence for song dialects across the Ovenbird breeding *** study contributes to our understanding of Ovenbird song while simultaneously adding to our understanding of geographic structuring of warbler *** work contributes to delineating a more comprehensive understanding of factors affecting dialect development for this diverse group of songbirds.

关键词： Dialects eBird Geographic variation Ovenbird Parulidae Seiurus aurocapilla Song type

Self-activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by exogenous phosphoantigens involves TCR and butyrophilins

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第8期18卷 1861-1870页

作者： ChloéLaplagne Laetitia Ligat Juliet foote Frederic Lopez Jean-Jacques Fournié Camille Laurent Salvatore Valitutti Mary Poupot Inserm UMR1037 Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de ToulouseToulouseFrance UniversitéToulouse III Paul-Sabatier ToulouseFrance ERL 5294 CNRS ToulouseFrance IUCT-O ToulouseFrance

The high cytotoxic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes against tumor cells makes them useful candidates in anticancer ***,the molecular mechanism of their activation by phosphoantigens(PAgs)is not completely *** studies have depicted the mechanism of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell activation by PAg-sensed accessory cells,such as immune presenting cells or tumor *** this study,we demonstrated that pure resting Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes can self-activate through exogenous PAgs,involving their TCR and the butyrophilins BTN3A1 and *** is the first time that these three molecules,concurrently expressed at the plasma membrane of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells,have been shown to be involved together on the same and unique T cell during PAg ***,the use of probucol to stimulate the inhibition of this self-activation prompted us to propose that ABCA-1 could be implicated in the transfer of exogenous PAgs inside Vγ9Vδ2 T cells before activating them through membrane clusters formed byγ9TCR,BTN3A1 and *** self-activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells,which leads to self-killing,can therefore participate in the failure ofγδT cell-based therapies with exogenous PAgs and should be taken into account.

关键词： Vγ9Vδ2 T cells Phosphoantigen Butyrophilins T-cell receptor

A retrospective comparative series comparing monarc and sparc suburethral slings

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第9期3卷 702-705页

作者： Andrew foote Calvary Hospital Canberra Australia

A Retrospective Comparative Series Comparing Monarc and Sparc Suburethral Slings. Introduction and Hypothesis: There are a number of suburethral slings used in current practice to treat female urinary incontinence. To date there has been a lack of larger comparative series. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness and complications of two types of suburethral sling. Methods: A retrospective comparative series comparing 113 consecutive Sparcsuburethral slings with 112 consecutive Monarc slings. Results: The success rate of SparcvsMonarc was similar at 6 weeks (96.1% vs 94.2%, NS) and at 6 months (96.0% vs 92.6%, NS). The Monarc procedure had less intraoperative bladder fenestrations & less postoperative urgency. Conclusions: Both procedures had a similar success rate, while the Monarc had less complications. Brief Summary: Both procedures had a similar success rate, while the Monarc had less complications of intraoperative bladder fenestration & postoperative urgency.

关键词： Case Control Series Female Urinary Incontinence Suburethral Sling

Accounting standards, disclosure requirements and foreign company listings on stock exchanges

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Chinese Business Review 2008年第9期7卷 35-45页

作者： Paul Sheldon foote CHEN Jie Mihaylo College of Business and Economics California State University Fullerton CA 92834-6848 USA

Some have claimed that there would be more foreign companies listed on American stock exchanges if foreign companies could use International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） instead of American generally accepted accounting principles （GAAP） and could be exempted from some of the disclosure requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In spite of these requirements, as of December 31, 2007, there are approximately 421 non-U.S, companies valued at $11.4 trillion listed on the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE）. Of these 421 companies, 41 companies are from China. This study examines the reasons for Chinese companies choosing to list on the New York Stock Exchange and their experiences with incremental disclosure and listing requirements on the Shanghai, Hong Kong, London, and New York stock exchanges. The lesson for foreign companies everywhere should be that foreign companies should search for those cross listings adding value and not be searching for countries and stock exchanges with weak disclosure and listing requirements.

关键词： accounting disclosures cross-listings stock exchanges

抑制精子活力不影响玻璃珠分离牛死、活精子的能力

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生殖与避孕 2002年第1期22卷 63-64页

作者： Robert H.foote Department

研究哪些能影响玻璃珠滤器结合死、活牛精子的因素。方法:多次采取精液,用玻璃珠选择性过滤牛精子,研究下述因素的影响:以氟化物非致死性地抑制精子活力、以快速冷冻法杀死精子、以硅树脂改变玻璃珠表面、以不同的间隔时间采集精子。结... 详细信息

研究哪些能影响玻璃珠滤器结合死、活牛精子的因素。方法:多次采取精液,用玻璃珠选择性过滤牛精子,研究下述因素的影响:以氟化物非致死性地抑制精子活力、以快速冷冻法杀死精子、以硅树脂改变玻璃珠表面、以不同的间隔时间采集精子。结果:使用不同直径玻璃珠（100、200、300μm）的比较研究表明,直径200μm者最适于选择性过滤。过滤死、活精子的定量研究表明,活精子百分率与过滤器保留精子的相关系数为r=-0.87（P<0.05）。氟化钠尽管在过滤过程中可逆地抑制了精子的活力,但浓度在0.02mol/L或更低时不影响过滤器保留精子的比例。曙红染色表明,死、活精子的比例不受氟化物的影响。以硅树脂包裹玻璃珠后显著降低其选择性过滤能力。与一周的采样间隔期相比,每日采样减少了死精子对玻璃珠的吸附,也增强了对氟化钠抑制的耐受力。结论:精子对玻璃珠的吸附基本上与精子死亡时伴随的生理-化学变化相关联,而与精子活力无关。精子质膜与玻璃珠间的此项吸附力受射精间隔时间所左右。这一信息对于正确评价各种精子分离方法是有价值的。

关键词：精子活力玻璃珠滤器动物实验精子分离

Is Peritoneal Cytology a Prognostic Factor in Endometrial Cancer?

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2015年第8期6卷 665-669页

作者： Jonathan foote[foote@musc.edu] William T. Creasman Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston USA

The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) changed the surgical staging criteria for endometrial cancer in 2009, namely combining FIGO 1988 Stage IA and IB in FIGO 2009 Stage IA, eliminating cervical glandular involvement from Stage II, and removing peritoneal cytology as criteria from Stage IIIA (3). This review of the literature sheds light on the continued debate among authorities on the utility of peritoneal cytology in surgical staging of endometrial cancer. At the time FIGO removed peritoneal cytology from the staging criteria in 2009, there was little to no evidence to support its removal. In fact, FIGO continues to recommend obtaining peritoneal cytology, which is in contradiction to their staging criteria. While a few small studies support the idea that peritoneal cytology does not preclude a worse prognosis, a number of large scale studies with at least 300 patients demonstrate a clear association between survival and the presence of malignant peritoneal cytology (11 - 12, 15 - 19). In one of the largest studies, investigators reviewed 14,704 from the SEER’s database, demonstrating that malignant peritoneal cytology is associated with decreased survival across Stage I/II disease even when controlled for histology, grade, and other risk factors. Malignant peritoneal cytology should be considered when counseling patients on the risk of recurrence and overall survival of endometrial cancer. However, the role of adjuvant treatment in this setting remains unclear.

关键词： Endometrial Cancer FIGO Staging Peritoneal Cytology Prognosis Peritoneal Washings