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Compliance in patients with dietary hyperoxaluria: A cohort study and systematic review

Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第2期6卷 200-207页

作者： Derek B.Hennessey Ned Kinnear Gilbert Rice David Curry Siobhan Woolsey Brian Duggan Department of Urology Belfast City HospitalBelfastUnited Kingdom Department of Urology Austin HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of Urology Ulster HospitalBelfastUnited Kingdom

Objective:Hyperoxaluria leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and subsequent urolithiasis.This study aims to analyse the effect of treatment compliance in hyperoxaluria,firstly by analysis of patients with non-primary hyperoxaluria and secondly via systematic review in patients with any hyperoxaluria.Methods:In a retrospective cohort study,adults with non-primary hyperoxaluria managed with dietary counselling in 2013 were enrolled.Twenty-four-hour(24 h)urine collections initially and at 6 months were obtained.Compliance was assessed by self-reported dietary compliance and 24 h urinary volume>2 L.Patients were followed for 24 months.Primary outcomes were urinary oxalate and calcium 24 h load at 6 months,and urolithiasis-related procedural rates at 24 months.A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)-compatible systematic review of compliance among hyperoxaluric patients was performed.Results:In the cohort study,of 19 eligible patients(4 female)with median age 52 years,10(53%)were considered compliant.Compared with the non-compliant group,these patients had significantly increased subsequent 24 h urinary volume(2250 mL vs.1600 mL;p=0.008)and lower procedural rates(10%vs.56%;p=0.033).Subsequent 24 h urinary oxalate load was nonsignificantly lower in compliant patients.Systematic review regarding compliance in hyperoxaluric patients revealed five studies.Only one utilised dietary counselling or analysed compliant vs.non-compliant patients,finding no difference.None examined the effect of compliance on procedural rates.

关键词： Hyperoxaluria Urolithiasis Recurrent stone former Metabolic stone disease

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冷轧体心立方金属中微带的形成机制

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南京理工大学学报 2006年第5期30卷 554-558页

作者：沈凯 duggan brian John 南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院江苏南京210016 香港大学机械工程系

该文对冷轧体心立方金属中微带的形成机制进行了探讨,利用塑性形变理论对轧制板材中晶粒的滑移系上的切应变进行了计祘,结果表明:当晶粒的或方向平行于轧制横向,轧制方向平行于某一特定方向时,大部份切变聚集在某一滑移面上,这样在该滑... 详细信息

该文对冷轧体心立方金属中微带的形成机制进行了探讨,利用塑性形变理论对轧制板材中晶粒的滑移系上的切应变进行了计祘,结果表明:当晶粒的或方向平行于轧制横向,轧制方向平行于某一特定方向时,大部份切变聚集在某一滑移面上,这样在该滑移面上便能形成微带,而这时微带与轧制方向之间的夹角约30°。计祘结果还表明:当轧制横向平行于晶粒的或方向时,晶粒在轧制时可能绕横向转动,这样,2套微带就可能形成。又由于双交滑移的存在,微带便呈现由双位错壁组成的片状结构。透射电子显微镜对微带的观察证实了这一结果。

关键词：微带塑性变形形成机制

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Infant male circumcision: An evidence-based policy statement

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第1期2卷 79-92页

作者： brian J. Morris Alex D. Wodak Adrian Mindel Leslie Schrieber Karen A. duggan Anthony Dilley Robin J. Willcourt Michael Lowy David A. Cooper Eugenie R. Lumbers C. Terry Russell Stephen R. Leeder School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute The University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Here we review the international evidence for benefits and risks of infant male circumcision (MC) and use this to develop an evidence-based policy statement for a developed nation setting, focusing on Australia. Evidence from good quality studies that include meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials showed that MC provides strong protection against: urinary tract infections and, in infancy, renal parenchymal disease;phimosis;paraphimosis;balanoposthitis;foreskin tearing;some heterosexually transmitted infections including HPV, HSV-2, trichomonas, HIV, and genital ulcer disease;thrush;inferior hygiene;penile cancer and possibly prostate cancer. In women, circumcision of the male partner protects against HPV, HSV-2, cervical cancer, bacterial vaginosis, and possibly Chlamydia. MC has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity, penile sensation or satisfaction and may enhance the male sexual experience. Adverse effects are uncommon (<1%), and virtually all are minor and easily treated. For maximum benefits, safety, convenience and cost savings, MC should be performed in infancy and with local anesthesia. A risk-benefit analysis shows benefits exceed risks by a large margin. Over their lifetime up to half of uncircumcised males will suffer a medical condition as a result of retaining their foreskin. The ethics of infant MC and childhood vaccination are comparable. Our analysis finds MC is beneficial, safe and cost-effective, and should optimally be performed in infancy. In the interests of public health and individual wellbeing, adequate parental education, and steps to facilitate access and affordability should be encouraged in developed countries.

关键词： Male Circumcision Public Health Infant Infections Sexually Transmitted Infections Cervical Cancer

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