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Highly efficient fiber to Si waveguide free-form coupler for foundry-scale silicon photonics

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： LUIGI RANNO JIA Xu brian SIA cOSMIN POPEScU DREW WENINGER SAMUEL SERNA SHAOLIANG YU LIONEL c.KIMERLING ANURADHA AGARWAL TIAN GU JUEJUN HU Department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA centre for Micro-&Nano-Electronics(cMNE) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Department of Physics Photonics and Optical EngineeringBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts 02324USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

As silicon photonics transitions from research to commercial deployment,packaging solutions that efficiently couple light into highly compact and functional sub-micrometer silicon waveguides are imperative but remain *** 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform,poised to enable large-scale integration,is the most widely adopted by foundries,resulting in established fabrication processes and extensive photonic component *** development of a highly efficient,scalable,and broadband coupling scheme for this platform is therefore of paramount *** two-photon polymerization(TPP)and a deterministic free-form micro-optics design methodology based on the Fermat’s principle,this work demonstrates an ultraefficient and broadband 3-D coupler interface between standard SMF-28 single-mode fibers and silicon waveguides on the 220 nm SOI *** coupler achieves a low coupling loss of 0.8 dB for the fundamental TE mode,along with 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 180 *** broadband operation enables diverse bandwidthdriven applications ranging from communications to ***,the 3-D free-form coupler also enables large tolerance to fiber misalignments and manufacturing variability,thereby relaxing packaging requirements toward cost reduction capitalizing on standard electronic packaging process flows.

关键词： fiber waveguide enable

Response of Rice Growth and Nutrient Absorption in a SalineAlkali Paddy to Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Applications

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Rice science 2024年第3期31卷 245-250,I0011-I0017页

作者： WANG Xinyi ZHU Hui YAN Baixing brian SHUTES ZENG Yuan Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China college of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Black Soils conservation and Utilization Changchun 130102China Department of Natural Sciences Middlesex UniversityHendonLondonNW44BTUK Xingkaihu Branch Office of Heilongjiang Agriculture co. LTDJixi 158325China

Nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and carbon(c)are essential nutrients for rice growth and development,but the response of nutrient absorption by rice plants to different types of nitrogen fertilizer(N-fertilizer)under saline-alkali conditions is *** study conducted a 147-day field-scale experiment to evaluate rice biomass and nutrient absorption capacity with five N-fertilizer *** results showed that the biomass.

关键词： Nutrient Alkali alkali

Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo cucho-Padin Hyunju connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh David G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/cAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHD-based OpenGGcM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

cD200Rhigghh neutrophils with dysfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory T cells

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon Ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae Department of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Health Science and Technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

Distinct neutrophil populations arise during certain pathological *** generation of dysfunctional neutrophils during sepsis and their contribution to septicemia-related systemic immune suppression remain *** this study,using an experimental sepsis model that features immunosuppression,we identified a novel population of pathogenic cD200R^(high) neutrophils that are generated during the initial stages of sepsis and contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory T(T_(reg))*** to their cD200R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated cD200Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired autophagy and dysfunction,with reduced chemotactic migration,superoxide anion production,and TNF-α*** soluble cD200 blocks autophagy and neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow during experimental sepsis,and recombinant cD200 treatment in vitro can induce neutrophil dysfunction similar to that observed in cD200R^(high) *** administration of anα-cD200R antibody effectively reversed neutrophil dysfunction by enhancing autophagy and protecting against a secondary infection challenge,leading to increased *** analysis revealed that cD200R^(high) neutrophils expressed high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of Treg cells,while the administration of anα-cD200R antibody inhibited Treg cell generation in a secondary infection *** together,our findings revealed a novel cD200R^(high) neutrophil population that mediates the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced systemic immunosuppression by generating Treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils cD200R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory T cells

cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INTERHEART risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 61-70页

作者： Siew-Keah Lee Ang-Lim chua clement Heng Yew Fong Ban Hao brian cong Wen Ling Ng Jing Feng Kong Yik-Ling chew Kai Bin Liew Yang Shao M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARAMalaysia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy University of CyberjayaMalaysia The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University China

Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in ***:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January *** completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final *** were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent ***:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(cVD)and knowledge related to cVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(Pcorrelation).Notably,individuals with higher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to cVD and cVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural ***,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the cVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(Pcational level,smoking status,awareness about cVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to cVD and cVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(Pconclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting car

关键词： cardiovascular risk Knowledge Risk perception Behavioural intention INTERHEART Middle-aged Lifestyle Physical activity Psychosocial stress

Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 75-79页

作者： christa c.Huber Hongmin Wang Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide,and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming *** therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief,effective treatments that can stop or reve rse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are ***,research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively ***,30-150 nm in diameter,are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell *** are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson s disease,and amyotrophic lateral ***,the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease *** the other hand,exosomes,especially those derived from stem cells,could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders,as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological *** review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative *** also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic ***,this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease biomarker drug exosome extracellular vesicle neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease therapy

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.connor Jaewoong Jung brian M.Walsh David Sibeck Kip D.Kuntz Frederick S.Porter catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind *** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray *** this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General circulation Model(OpenGGcM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGcM subsolar magnetopause location as ground *** method estimates RS with an accuracy ofceeds>10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic *** method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field ***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the daysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

Inverse design of invisibility cloaks using the optical theorem

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Photonics Research 2022年第4期10卷 974-979页

作者： brian Slovick Josh Hellhake Advanced Technology and Systems Division SRI InternationalMenlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA

We develop and apply an optimization method to design unidirectional invisibility cloaks. Our method is based on minimizing the forward scattering amplitude of the cloaked object which, by the optical theorem, is equivalent to the total cross section. The use of the optical theorem circumvents the need to evaluate and integrate the scattering amplitude over an angle at each iteration, and thus provides a simpler, more computationally efficient objective function to optimize structures. We implement the approach using gradient descent optimization and present several gradient-permittivity unidirectional cloaks that reduce scattering by metallic targets of different sizes and shapes.

关键词： theorem iteration apply

The minimal clinically important difference for gait speed in significant unilateral vestibular hypofunction after vestibular rehabilitation

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Journal of Otology 2023年第1期18卷 15-20页

作者： Isaac B.Thorman brian J.Loyd Richard A.clendaniel Leland E.Dibble Michael c.Schubert School of Public Health Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins UniversityUnited States School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science University of MontanaUnited States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Doctor of Physical Therapy DivisionAnd Department of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication SciencesDuke University Medical CenterUnited States Department of Physical Therapy&Athletic Training University of UtahUnited States Laboratory of Vestibular NeuroAdaptation Department of Otolaryngology e Head and Neck SurgeryJohns Hopkins UniversityUnited States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States

Gait speed is a valid measure of both physical function and vestibular *** rehabilitation is useful to improve gait speed for patients with vestibular hypofunction,yet there is little data to indicate how changes in gait speed reflect changes in patient-reported health *** determined the minimal clinically important difference in the gait speed of patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction,mostly due to deafferentation surgery,as anchored to the Dizziness Handicap Index and the Activities Balance confidence scale,validated using regression analysis,change difference,receiveroperator characteristic curve,and average change *** six weeks of vestibular rehabilitation,a change in gait speed from 0.20 to 0.34 m/s with 95%confidence was required for the patients to perceive a significant reduction in perception of dizziness and improved balance confidence.

关键词： Vestibular hypofunction Gait speed Minimal clinically important difference