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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage Mark L.dell’Acqua brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Mathematical Models of Self-Appraisal in Social Networks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第5期34卷 1604-1633页

作者： ANdERSON brian d.O. YE Mengbin School of Engineering Australian National UniversityActon 2601A.C.T.Australia.

In social networks where individuals discuss opinions on a sequence of topics,the selfconfidence an individual exercises in relation to one topic,as measured by the weighting given to their own opinion as against the opinion of all others,can vary in the light of the self-appraisal by the individual of their contribution to the previous *** observation gives rise to a type of model termed a de Groot-Friedkin *** paper reviews a number of results concerning this *** include the asymptotic behavior of the self-confidence(as the number of topics goes to infinity),the possible emergence of an autocrat or small cohort of leaders,the effect of changes in the weighting given to opinions of others(in the light for example of their perceived expertise in relation to a particular topic under discussion),and the inclusion in the model of individual behavioral characteristics such as humility,arrogance,*** behavioral characteristics create new opportunities for autocrats to emerge.

关键词： de Groot degroot-Friedkin opinion dynamics self-appraisal social influence network

Recent Advances in the Modelling and Analysis of Opinion dynamics on Influence Networks

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第2期16卷 129-149页

作者： brian d.O.Anderson Mengbin Ye Research School of Engineering Australian National University School of Automation Hangzhou Dianzi University data61-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Faculty of Science and Engineering Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG)University of Groningen

A fundamental aspect of society is the exchange and discussion of opinions between individuals, occurring in situations as varied as company boardrooms, elementary school classrooms and online social media. After a very brief introduction to the established results of the most fundamental opinion dynamics models, which seek to mathematically capture observed social phenomena, a brief discussion follows on several recent themes pursued by the authors building on the fundamental ideas. In the first theme, we study the way an individual′s self-confidence can develop through contributing to discussions on a sequence of topics, reaching a consensus in each case,where the consensus value to some degree reflects the contribution of that individual to the conclusion. during this process, the individuals in the network and the way they interact can change. The second theme introduces a novel discrete-time model of opinion dynamics to study how discrepancies between an individual′s expressed and private opinions can arise due to stubbornness and a pressure to conform to a social norm. It is also shown that a few extremists can create "pluralistic ignorance", where people believe there is majority support for a position but in fact the position is privately rejected by the majority. Last, we consider a group of individuals discussing a collection of logically related topics. In particular, we identify that for topics whose logical interdependencies take on a cascade structure,disagreement in opinions can occur if individuals have competing and/or heterogeneous views on how the topics are related, i.e., the logical interdependence structure varies between individuals.

关键词： Opinion dynamics social networks influence networks agent-based models, multi-agent systems networked systems

Current protective strategies in liver surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6098-6103页

作者： Kurinchi S Gurusamy Hector d Gonzalez brian R davidson HPB and Liver Transplantation Royal Free CampusUniversity College London Medical SchoolRoyal Free Hospital

during liver resection surgery for cancer or liver transplantation,the liver is subject to ischaemia (reduction in blood flow) followed by reperfusion (restoration of blood flow),which results in liver injury [ischemiareperfusion (IR) or IR injury]. Modulation of IR injury can be achieved in various ways. These include hypothermia,ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) (brief cycles of ischaemia followed by reperfusion of the organ before the prolonged period of ischaemia i.e. a conditioning response),ischaemic postconditioning (conditioning after the prolonged period of ischaemia but before the reperfusion),pharmacological agents to decrease IR injury,genetic modulation of IR injury,and machine perfusion (pulsatile perfusion). Hypothermia decreases the metabolic functions and the oxygen consumption of organs. Static cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution reduces IR injury and has prolonged organ storage and improved the function of transplanted grafts. There is currently no evidence for any clinical advantage in the use of alternate solutions for static cold storage. Although experimental data from animal models suggest that IPC,ischaemic postconditioning,various pharma-cological agents,gene therapy,and machine perfusion decrease IR injury,none of these interventions can be recommended in clinical practice. This is because of the lack of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ischaemic postconditioning,gene therapy,and machine perfusion. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of IPC and various pharmacological agents have demonstrated biochemical or histological improvements but this has not translated to clinical benefit. Further well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess the various new protective strategies in liver resection.

关键词： Liver Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Ischemia-reperfusion injury Hypothermia Ischaemic preconditioning

Variable retention harvesting in Great Lakes mixed-pine forests: emulating a natural model in managed ecosystems

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 210-224页

作者： brian J.Palik Anthony W.d’Amato USdA Forest Service Northern Research StationGrand RapidsMN 55744USA Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05095USA.

Variable retention harvesting(VRH)systems have gained wide use in many different forest types across the globe,but largely have been implemented in forests characterized by severe,infrequent disturbance *** has been less attention given to developing VRH approaches in forests that are characterized as having a mixed-severity disturbance regime that often results in only partial mortality of canopy trees in spatially heterogeneous *** example of such a forest type is red pine(Pinus resinosa Ait.)-dominated ecosystem of the western Great Lakes region of North *** purpose of this review is to provide a conceptual foundation for developing VRH approaches in red pine ecosystems that are based on a mixed-severity disturbance *** contention is that red pine forests managed following a natural model are more resilient to disturbances and external threats such as climate *** the red pine ecosystem,VRH application should reflect the often severe,but partial canopy removal from natural disturbance that is characteristic of this ecosystem and that results in more than trivial numbers of surviving overstory trees across a range of spatial configurations in regenerating *** live trees should span a range of diameters,but favor the larger end of the diameter distribution,as this reflects the likely pattern of survival after natural disturbance and is often a key structural element lacking from managed *** should be applied in ways that vary the spatial pattern of legacy trees in and among stands,but largely in ways that reflect the pattern of spatially patchy canopy structure,with large openings surrounded by a less disturbed matrix,as occurs with a natural disturbance *** trees and deadwood structures should reflect the composition of the pre-disturbance forest,including species in addition to dominant red ***,retained structures should be viewed as dynamic entities that grow,die,and decay and that need

关键词： Red pine Mixed-severity Variable retention Natural disturbance

Transcription control engineering and applications in synthetic biology

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第3期2卷 176-191页

作者： Michael d.Engstrom brian F.Pfleger Genetics-Biotechnology Center University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthUSA department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison College of EngineeringUSA Microbiology doctoral Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonUSA

In synthetic biology,researchers assemble biological components in new ways to produce systems with practical *** of these practical applications is control of the flow of genetic information(from nucleic acid to protein),*** *** is critical for optimizing protein(and therefore activity)levels and the subsequent levels of metabolites and other cellular *** central dogma of molecular biology posits that information flow commences with transcription,and accordingly,regulatory tools targeting transcription have received the most attention in synthetic *** this mini-review,we highlight many past successes and summarize the lessons learned in developing tools for controlling *** particular,we focus on engineering studies where promoters and transcription terminators(cis-factors)were directly engineered and/or isolated from dNA *** also review several well-characterized transcription regulators(trans-factors),giving examples of how cis-and trans-acting factors have been combined to create digital and analogue switches for regulating transcription in response to various ***,we provide examples of how engineered transcription control systems have been used in metabolic engineering and more complicated genetic *** most of our mini-review focuses on the well-characterized bacterium Escherichia coli,we also provide several examples of the use of transcription control engineering in non-model *** approaches have been applied outside the bacterial kingdom indicating that the lessons learned from bacterial studies may be generalized for other organisms.

关键词： Promoter Transcription Synthetic biology Bacteria Termination Metabolic engineering

Sex-biased autophagy as a potential mechanism mediating sex differences in ischemic stroke outcome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 31-37页

作者： brian Noh Louise d.McCullough Jose F.Moruno-Manchon department of Neurology McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide,and biological sex is an important determining factor in stroke incidence and *** childhood through adulthood,men have a higher incidence of stroke compared with *** research has confirmed the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in determining sex differences in *** is a self-degrading cellular process orchestrated by multiple core proteins,which leads to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and degradation of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or *** levels and the activity of components of these signaling pathways and of autophagy-related proteins can be altered during ischemic *** stroke activates autophagy,however,whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still under a *** is a potential mechanism that may contribute to differences in stroke progression between the ***,the effects of manipulating autophagy may also differ between the *** that regulate autophagy in a sex-dependent manner in ischemic stroke remain *** this review,we summarize clinical and pre-clinical evidence for sex differences in *** briefly introduce the autophagy process and summarize the effects of gonadal hormones in autophagy in the brain and discuss X-linked genes that could potentially regulate brain ***,we review pre-clinical studies that address the mechanisms that could mediate sex differences in brain autophagy after stroke.

关键词： autophagy brain estrogen gonadal hormones neurodegeneration neuron stroke X-chromosome

Potential for natural and enhanced attenuation of sulphanilamide in a contaminated chalk aquifer

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 39-48页

作者： Karen A.Bennett Simon d.Kelly Xiangyu Tang brian J.Reid School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR4 7TJUK Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency1400 ViennaAustria Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academyof SciencesChengdu 610041China

Understanding antibiotic biodegradation is important to the appreciation of their fate and removal from the environment. In this research an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry（IRMS）method was developed to evaluate the extent of biodegradation of the antibiotic,sulphanilamide, in contaminated groundwater. Results indicted an enrichment in δ^（13）C of8.44‰ from-26.56（at the contaminant source） to-18.12‰（300 m downfield of the source）.These results confirm reductions in sulphanilamide concentrations（from 650 to 10 mg/L）across the contaminant plume to be attributable to biodegradation（56%） vs. other natural attenuation processes, such as dilution or dispersion（42%）. To understand the controls on sulphanilamide degradation ex-situ microcosms assessed the influence of sulphanilamide concentration, redox conditions and an alternative carbon source. Results indicated, high levels of anaerobic capacity（~50% mineralisation） to degrade sulphanilamide under high（263 mg/L）, moderate（10 mg/L） and low（0.02 mg/L） substrate concentrations. The addition of electron acceptors; nitrate and sulphate, did not significantly enhance the capacity of the groundwater to anaerobically biodegrade sulphanilamide. Interestingly, where alternative carbon sources were present, the addition of nitrate and sulphate inhibited sulphanilamide biodegradation. These results suggest, under in-situ conditions, when a preferential carbon source was available for biodegradation, sulphanilamide could be acting as a nitrogen and/or sulphur source. These findings are important as they highlight sulphanilamide being used as a carbon and a putative nitrogen and sulphur source, under prevailing iron reducing conditions.

关键词： Antibiotics Sulphonamide Groundwater contamination Biodegradation Stable isotope fractionation IRMS

Cancer risk in primary sclerosing cholangitis: Epidemiology,prevention, and surveillance strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第6期25卷 659-671页

作者： brian M Fung Keith d Lindor James H Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal Medicine Residency Program Olive View-UCLA Medical Center Office of the University Provost Arizona State University division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical Center

Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a rare cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive fibroinflammatory destruction of the intra-and/or extrahepatic biliary ducts. While its features and disease course can be variable,most patients with PSC have concurrent inflammatory bowel disease and will eventually develop liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, with liver transplantation representing the only potentially curative option. Importantly,PSC is associated with a significantly increased risk of malignancy compared to the general population, mainly cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder carcinoma,hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, with nearly 50% of deaths in patients with PSC being due to cancer. Therefore, robust surveillance strategies are needed, though uncertainty remains regarding how to best do so. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, prevention, and surveillance of cancers in patients with PSC. Where evidence is limited, we present pragmatic approaches based on currently available data and expert opinion.

关键词： Bile duct diseases Cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma Colorectal cancer Chemoprotection Inflammatory bowel disease