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Organic Ginger (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>Rosc.) Development in a Short Temperate Growing Season: Effect of Seedling Transplant Type and Mycorrhiza Application

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第3期12卷 315-328页

作者： Lurline Marsh Fawzy Hashem brett Smith Department of Agriculture Food and Resource Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD USA

Global warming and consumer demand for medicinal plants present an opportunity to introduce ginger growth to the US Delmarva Peninsula. High tunnel and field studies were conducted to assess the development of organic ginger (Zingiber officinalis, Rosc) seedling transplants in mycorrhiza-amended soil. Transplant types were tissue culture derived with less than three tillers (TcS1), three or more tillers (TcS2), and nontissue culture derived (NTcS1). Transplants were grown with or without mycorrhiza (2.8 g per plant) in a split plot design with soil amendments as main plot and transplant type as subplot. Data were collected for air temperatures, plant height, tiller number, leaf chlorophyll index (LcI), rhizome fresh weight, plant biomass, rhizome nutrients, and levels of As and Pb. TcS2 transplants produced significantly higher, or trended to higher rhizome yield than transplants with less than three tillers, except for year two field study. The maximum rhizome fresh weight per plant was 648.3 g for TcS2 in high tunnel in year one. Generally, TcS2 had most tillers throughout the growing season ranging from 6.9 to 25.7 tillers per plant over three studies. Mycorrhiza had no effect on ginger height, tiller number, LcI or rhizome yield. Sustained high temperatures above 37°c, plus high light in the field caused dieback and stunted shoot growth in year two. There were no consistent effects of mycorrhiza or transplant type on rhizome nutrient content. content of total Pb, As and other elements were at safe threshold levels for rhizome consumption. These results suggest that gingers grown from TcS2 transplants with at least three tillers yielded more rhizome than those grown from S1 transplants with fewer tillers. Introduction of ginger to a short season region such as the Delmarva may require consid

关键词： Seedling Transplants Mycorrhiza Organic Agriculture Tissue culture Medicinal Plants

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Identification of powdery mildew resistance loci in wheat by integrating genome-wide association study(GWAS) and linkage mapping

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The crop Journal 2019年第3期7卷 294-306页

作者： Genqiao Li Xiangyang Xu chengcheng Tan brett F.carver Guihua Bai Xuewen Wang J.Michael Bonman Yanqi Wu Robert Hunger christina cowger Wheat Peanut and Other Field Crops Research UnitUSDA-ARSStillwaterOK 74075USA Plant and Soil Science Department Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDA-ARSManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Genetics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit USDA-ARSAberdeenID 83210USA Entomology and Pathology Department Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Plant Science Research Unit USDA-ARSRaleighNC 27695USA

Wheat powdery mildew(Blumeria graminis ***, Bgt) is a disease of increasing importance globally due to the adoption of high yielding varieties and modern sustainable farming *** resistant cultivars is a preferred approach to managing this disease, and novel powdery mildew resistance genes are urgently needed for new cultivar development.A genome-wide association study was performed on a panel of 1292 wheat landraces and historical cultivars using 5011 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)*** association panel was evaluated for reactions to three Bgt inoculants, OKS(14)-B-3-1, OKS(14)-c-2-1, and *** disequilibrum(LD) analysis indicated that genome-wide LD decayed to 0.1 at 23 Mb, and population structure analysis revealed seven subgroups in the *** analysis using a mixed linear model(MLM) identified three loci for powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 2 B, designated ***-2BL1,***-2BL2, and *** evaluate the efficacy of GWAS in gene discovery,***-2BL2 was validated using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from PI420646 × *** analysis delimited the powdery mildew resistance gene in PI 420646 to an interval where ***-2BL2 was located, lending credence to the GWAS ***-2BL1 and ***-2BL3, which were associated with four SNPs located at 457.7–461.7 Mb and two SNPs located at 696.6–715.9 Mb in the chinese Spring reference IWGSc RefSeq v1.0, respectively, are likely novel loci for powdery mildew resistance and can be used in wheat breeding to improve powdery mildew resistance.

关键词： Wheat Powdery mildew GWAS Linkage mapping Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation: potential treatment for co-occurring alcohol, traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第19期9卷 1712-1730页

作者： Amy A.Herrold Sandra L.Kletzel brett c.Harton R.Andrew chambers Neil Jordan Theresa Louise-Bender Pape Edward Hines Jr.VA Hospital Research Service PO Box 5000 (M/C 151H)HinesILUSA The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for Innovation for Complex Chronic HealthcareEdward Hines Jr.VA HospitalPO Box 5000 (M/C 151H)HinesILUSA Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine446 East Ontario#7-200ChicagoILUSA chicago Association for Research and Education in Science HinesILUSA Department of Psychiatry Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & DevelopmentNeuroscience Research CenterIndiana University School of Medicine320 West 15~(th)StreetIndianapolisINUSA Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationOffice of Medical Educ.(1574)345 E.Superior St.ChicagoILUSA

Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well as rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model are discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.

关键词： transcranial magnetic stimulation traumatic brain injury posttraumatic stress disorder treatment neuroimaging substance use disorders addiction co-morbidity mental health disorders behavioral health neuroimaging non-invasive brain stimulation

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Reversible lithium storage in sp^(2) hydrocarbon frameworks

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2022年第3期31卷 161-167,I0006页

作者： Zhangxiang Hao Junrun Feng Yiyun Liu Liqun Kang Bolun Wang Junwen Gu Lin Sheng Ruoyu Xu Sushila Marlow Dan J.L.brett Yunhui Huang Feng Ryan Wang Materials and catalysis Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074HubeiChina Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom Department of chemistry University College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUnited Kingdom

Polymer materials offer controllable structure-dependent performances in separation,catalysis and drug *** molecular structures can be precisely tailored to accept Li^(+)for energy storage *** the design of sp^(2)carbon-based polyphenylene(PPH)with high lithium-ion uptakes and long-term stability is ***-PPH(L-PPH)exceeds the performance of crosslink-PPH(c-PPH),due to the fact that it has an ordered lamellar structure,promoting the Li^(+)intercalation/deintercalation *** L-PPH cell shows a clear charge and discharge plateau at 0.35 and 0.15 V ***^(+)/Li,respectively,which is absent in the c-PPH *** Li^(+)storage capacity of L-PPH is five times that of the *** reversible storage capacity is further improved to 261 m Ah g;by functionalizing the L-PPH with the–SO_(3)H *** addition,the Li-intercalated structures of c-PPH and L-PPH are investigated via near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS),suggesting the high reversible Li^(+)–c=c bond interaction at *** strategy,based on new insight into sp^(2)functional groups,is the first step toward a molecular understanding of the structure storage-capacity relationship in sp^(2)carbon-based polymer.

关键词： Lithium-ions battery Organic anode Topological structure sp^(2)hydrocarbon

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Organic electrode materials for fast-rate,high-power battery applications

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2021年第1期1卷 4-25页

作者： cara N.Gannett Luis Melecio-Zambrano Monica Jo Theibault Brian M.Peterson brett P.Fors Hector D.Abruna Department of chemistry and chemical Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA

The development of new battery materials with fast charging/discharging capabilities is necessary to meet the growing demands of modern *** counter ion transport in inorganic materials(generally by de/intercalation)currently limits charge/discharge rates in lithium-ion batteries,the weak intermolecular forces in organic materials result in flexible,spacious structures that offer improved ion transport ***,we present the principles which enable fast rate capabilities in organic electrode materials,accompanied by specific literature examples illustrating exceptional rate *** discuss approaches to material design which support electron and/or ion transport and the limitations associated with each *** review aims to highlight the unique characteristics of organic materials as high-power density electrodes and inspire continued work in the field.

关键词： Energy storage Batteries Organic materials High-power Electrochemistry

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Identification of EDTA-Soluble Polysaccharides from Pea Epicotyl cell Walls and Their Interaction with Xyloglucan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2011年第2期2卷 148-155页

作者： Elias A.-H. Baydoun Oula c. Mansour Sandra E. Rizk christopher T. brett Department of Biology American University of Beirut Department of Natural Sciences Lebanese American University

Nascent pectin and glucuronoxylan were prepared from membrane-bound enzymes obtained from pea epicotyls. They had previously been shown to exhibit a protein- and pH-dependent pattern of binding to cell wall ghosts and to xy-loglucan extracted from cell walls prepared from pea epicotyls;maximum binding required a pH of 3-4, and the pres-ence of cell wall proteins, namely assemblins. To determine whether wall polysaccharides deposited in cell walls be-have in the same manner as nascent polymers, radioactively labeled EDTA-soluble polymers were prepared from newly-deposited pea epicotyl cell walls. Different enzyme treatments followed by column chromatography, in addition to complete acid hydrolysis followed by paper and thin layer chromatography, indicated the presence of pectin, to-gether with smaller amounts of glucuronoxylan, in this EDTA-soluble extract. These radioactively labeled polysaccha-rides were found to bind to cell wall ghosts and to xyloglucan extracted from the second and third internodes of pea epicotyls cell walls in a pH-dependent manner, similar to the binding pattern obtained with nascent polymers. Maxi-mum binding occurred at pH 3-4, and also required the presence of protein.

关键词： Assemblin cell Wall Assembly Glucuronoxylan Pectin Pisum Sativum Xyloglucan

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Vitamin c, Grape Seed Extract and citrus Bioflavonoids Protect the Skin against Photoaging: A Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第12期8卷 116-134页

作者： brett J. West Shixin Deng 'Afa Kehaati Palu Research and Development New Age Beverages American Fork Utah USA Research and Development Ariix/Zennoa American Fork Utah USA

The skin is a major protective organ of the body. It is constantly exposed to the environment and is very resilient. But exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent inflammatory responses that can overwhelm the innate protective mechanisms of the skin. This results in damage and premature aging. Strategies to mitigate this premature photoaging might include avoidance of sunlight. However, some sunlight exposure is beneficial to health. One notable example of this is the production of vitamin D. A more practical approach to preventing adverse effects of UV light in the skin is antioxidant supplementation. Dietary antioxidants may help control ROS propagation following UV light exposure. To further evaluate the utility of antioxidants in protecting the skin, in vitro, in vivo and human studies of three well known dietary antioxidants are reviewed and discussed. The data clearly demonstrate that vitamin c, grape seed extract and citrus bioflavonoids have the potential to reduce the damaging effects of excess sun exposure via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating mechanisms. As such, regular ingestion of dietary antioxidants appears to be a useful strategy for protecting the skin against photoaging.

关键词： Photoaging Skin Antioxidants Vitamin c Grape Seed Extract citrus Bioflavonoids

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Morphological and Physiological Development of Organic Greenhouse Grown Ginger (Zingiber officinalis, Rosc) in a Temperate climate as Influenced by container and Transplant Origin

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 443-456页

作者： Lurline Marsh Gabrielle Morris brett Smith Petrina McKenzie-Reynolds Department of Agriculture Food and Resource Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD USA

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc) is a spice produced from underground rhizomes. This makes it necessary to consider the size of its growing area. There is limited information on the phenological development of the plant in containerized greenhouse conditions in temperate regions where natural daylength decreases as the growing season advances. This study determined the effects of container and rhizome sources on ginger shoot growth, chlorophyll concentration, leaf chlorophyll index, transpiration rate, and rhizome yield. Ginger, from non-tissue culture (O1) and tissue culture (O2) origins, were transplanted in a greenhouse in June 2019, 2020 and 2021, and monitored in five container types of different sizes. These were (c1) plastic Supertub (113.2 L), (c2) large Sterilite box (55.3 L), (c3) small Sterilite box (36.7 L), (c4) Husky heavy duty contractor plastic clean up bags (26.3 L) and (c5) Root Trapper Grounder Squat bag (27.9 L). The results did not show consistent trends for the effects of the respective size and origin combinations on most of the morphological characteristics, and all the physiological characteristics evaluated. Increasing container size increased the shoot biomass in all studies and increased fresh rhizome yield in two of three studies in the greenhouse. The effect of transplant origin was inconclusive, with a tissue culture advantage one year and no effect the other year. During the first 5 months after transplanting, the morphological development of tillers and height increased. Leaf chlorophyll index, chlorophyll concentration and stomatal conductance varied across sampling months, and within container and rhizome origin at individual sampling dates. The development of the plants in a greenhouse with decreasing natural day length posed a challenge as some plants senesced within 5 months after transplanting. Further opportunities to arrest senescence and extend growth should be introduced as another approach to extend growth and increase rh

关键词： container Transplant Origin Organic Agriculture

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Tbr2-expressing intermediate progenitor cells in the adult mouse hippocampus are unipotent neuronal precursors with limited amplification capacity under homeostasis

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第3期10卷 262-271页

作者： Daniel A. Berg , Ki-Jun Yoon brett Will Alex Y. Xiao Nam-Shik Kim Kimberly M. christian Hongjun Song Guo-li Ming Institute Jor cell Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institute Scheelevag 2 17 117 Stockholm Sweden The Solomon 11. Snyder Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Neurogenesis persists in two locations of the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. In the adult subgranular zone, radial glial- like cells （RGLs） are multipotent stem cells that can give rise to both astrocytes and neurons. In the process of generating neurons, RGLs divide asymmetrically to give rise to one RGL and one intermediate progenitor cell （IPc）. IPcs are considered to be a population of transit amplifying cells that proliferate and eventually give rise to mature granule neurons. The properties of individual IPcs at the clonai level are not well understood. Furthermore, it is not clear whether IPcs can generate astrocytes or revert back to RGLs, besides generating neurons. Here we developed a genetic marking strategy for clonal analysis and lineage-tracing of individual Tbr2-expressing IPcs in the adult hippocampus in vivo using Tbr2-creERT2 mice. Using this technique we identified Tbr2-creERT2 labeled IPcs as unipotent neuronal precursors that do not generate astrocytes or RGLs under homeostasis. Additionally, we showed that these labeled IPcs rapidly generate immature neurons in a synchronous manner and do not undergo a significant amount of amplification under homeostasis, in animals subjected to an enriched environment/running, or in animals with different age. In summary, our study suggests that Tbr2-expressing IPcs in the adult mouse hippocampus are unipotent precursors and rapidly give rise to immature neurons without major amplification.

关键词： adult neurogenesis Tbr2 clonal analysis lineage tracing enriched environment

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Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation in the surgical treatment of duodenal and peri-ampullary adenomas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 511-515页

作者： Lilian c Azih brett L Broussard Milind A Phadnis Martin J Heslin Mohamad A Eloubeidi Shayam Varadarajulu Juan Pablo Arnoletti Department of General Surgery University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States Department of Biostatistics Kansas University Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Surgical Oncology University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States Department of Gastroenterology American University of BeirutBeirut 1107 2020Lebanon Department of Gastroenterology the Center for Specialized Surgery at Florida HospitalOrlandoFL 32804United States Department of Surgical Oncology The Center for Specialized Surgery at Florida HospitalOrlandoFL 32804United States

AIM:To investigate endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) for predicting depth of mucosal invasion and to analyze outcomes following endoscopic and transduodenal ***:Records of 111 patients seen at our institution from November 1999 to July 2011 with the postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas were *** of patients who underwent preoperative EUS for diagnostic purposes were *** accuracy of EUS in predicting the absence of muscular invasion was assessed by comparing EUS reports to the final surgical pathological *** addition,the incidence of the post-operative complications over a period of 30 d and the subsequent long-term outcome(recurrence) over a period of 30 mo associated with endoscopic and transduodenal surgical resection was recorded,compared and ***:Among 111 patients with benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas,47 underwent preoperative EUS for 29 peri-ampullary lesions and 18 duodenal *** addition,computed tomography was performed in 18 patients,endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in 10 patients and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 22 *** were 43 patients with sporadic adenomas and 4 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)/other polyposis *** 38(81%,P ce of submucosal and muscularis *** 4 cases,EUS underestimated submucosal invasion that was proven by *** the other 5 patients,EUS predicted muscularis invasion which could not be demonstrated in the resected *** predicted tumor muscularis invasion with a specificity of 88% and negative predictive value of 90%(P ction performed included endoscopic resection in 22 cases,partial duodenectomy in 9 cases,transduodenal ampullectomy with sphincteroplasty in 10 cases and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 6 *** main post-operative final pathological results included villous adenoma(n = 5),adenoma(n =

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Duodenal periampullary adenoma Esophagogastroduodenoscopy cholangio-pancreatography

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